| Bermuda | ||||||
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| Motto: "Quo Fata Ferunt" (Latin) "Whither the Fates Carry [Us]" | ||||||
| Anthem: God Save the Queen (official) Hail to Bermuda (unofficial) | ||||||
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| Capital (and largest city) | Hamilton | |||||
| Official languages | English | |||||
| Ethnic groups | West African, British, Portuguese | |||||
| Demonym | Bermudian | |||||
| Government | British Overseas Territory | |||||
| - | Monarch | Queen Elizabeth II | ||||
| - | Governor | Sir Richard Gozney | ||||
| - | Premier | Ewart Brown | ||||
| Area | ||||||
| - | Total | 53.3 km² (224th) 20. The Flag of Bermuda was adopted on October 4, 1910. It is a British Red Ensign with the Union Flag in the upper left corner The Coat of Arms of Bermuda depicts a red lion holding a shield that has a depiction of a wrecked ship upon it A motto (from the Italian word motto, meaning witticism sentence is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that evokes and eulogizes the history traditions and struggles of its people recognized either by a nation's "God Save the Queen", or "God Save the King", is an anthem used in a number of Commonwealth realms It is the National Hail to Bermuda is the unofficial local anthem of Bermuda, written by Bette Johns Population 65365 (July 2005 est Age structure 0-14 years 189% (male 6177 female 6154 15-64 years 69 Hamilton is the Capital of Bermuda. Although there is a parish of the same name, the city of Hamilton is in the parish of Pembroke. An official language is a Language that is given a special legal status in a particular Country, State, or other territory English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States The term black people usually refers to a racial group of Humans with dark Skin color, but the term has also been used to categorise a number of diverse British people, or Britons, are the native inhabitants of Great Britain and their descendants or citizens of the United Kingdom, of the The Portuguese people (os Portugueses literally the Portuguese) are the Ethnic group or Nation native to the country of Portugal, in the west A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a People or the inhabitants of a place For the government of parliamentary systems see Executive (government. The British Overseas Territories are fourteen territories that are under the Sovereignty of the United Kingdom, but which do not form part of the United Kingdom TalkCommonewalth realm.--> The monarchy For the ship see RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Context States headed by Elizabeth II The Governor of Bermuda is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom 's overseas territory of Bermuda. Sir Richard Hugh Turton Gozney KCMG, born 21 July 1951, is a British career Diplomat. The following is a list of Premiers of Bermuda. See also British overseas territory Lists of incumbents Ewart Frederick Brown Jr (born 1946 is the Premier of Bermuda, leader of the Bermuda Progressive Labour Party (PLP, Minister of Tourism and Transport Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. To help compare sizes of different geographic regions we list here Areas between 10 km² (1000 Hectares and 100 km² (10000 hectares This is a list of the countries of the world sorted by total area. 6 sq mi | ||||
| - | Water (%) | 26% | ||||
| Population | ||||||
| - | 2007 estimate | 66,163 (205th1) | ||||
| - | Density | 1,239/km² (8th) 3,196/sq mi | ||||
| GDP (PPP) | 2005 estimate | |||||
| - | Total | $4. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. Water is a common Chemical substance that is essential for the survival of all known forms of Life. In Mathematics, a percentage is a way of expressing a number as a Fraction of 100 ( per cent meaning "per hundred" In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology List of countries by population in 2005|List of countries by population in 1907This is a list of countries ordered according to Population. Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume List of countries and dependencies by Population density in inhabitants/km² The purchasing power parity ( PPP) theory uses the long-term equilibrium Exchange rate of two currencies to equalize their Purchasing power. 857 billion (165th) | ||||
| - | Per capita | $76,403 (1st) | ||||
| HDI (2003) | n/a (n/a) (n/a) | |||||
| Currency | Bermudian dollar2 (BMD) | |||||
| Time zone | Atlantic (UTC-4) | |||||
| Internet TLD | .bm | |||||
| Calling code | +1 441 | |||||
| 1 | Rank based on 2005 figures. There are three lists of Countries of the world sorted by their Gross domestic product (GDP (the value of all final goods and services produced within a nation Per capita is a Latin phrase meaning for each head with Per meaning 'through' or 'by' This article includes three lists of Countries of the world sorted by their Gross domestic product (GDP at Purchasing power parity (PPP Per capita The Human Development Index ( HDI) is an index combining normalized measures of Life expectancy, Literacy, Educational attainment, and GDP This is a list of countries by Human Development Index as included in the United Nations Development Program 's Human Development Report 2007 A currency is a unit of exchange, facilitating the transfer of Goods and/or services It is one form of Money, where money is The dollar ( ISO 4217 code BMD) is the Currency of Bermuda. It is normally abbreviated with the Dollar sign $ or ISO 4217 is the International standard describing three-letter codes (also known as the currency code) to define the names of currencies established The Atlantic Standard Time Zone (AST is a geographical region that keeps time by subtracting four hours from either Coordinated Universal Time ( UTC) or Greenwich Mean Time ( A country This is a list of country calling codes defined by ITU-T recommendation E | |||||
| 2 | On par with US dollar. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been | |||||
Bermuda (officially, The Bermuda Islands or The Somers Isles) is a British overseas territory in the North Atlantic Ocean. The British Overseas Territories are fourteen territories that are under the Sovereignty of the United Kingdom, but which do not form part of the United Kingdom Located off the east coast of the United States, it is situated around 1770 km (1,100 mi) northeast of Miami, Florida, and 1350 km (840 mi) south of Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. The East Coast of the United States, also known as the "Eastern Seaboard" or "Atlantic Seaboard" refers to the easternmost coastal states in the central and northern The kilometre ( American spelling: kilometer) symbol km is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one thousand Florida ( is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the See also Halifax Nova Scotia See also Halifax Regional Municipality municipal election 2008 Halifax Regional Municipality is the capital Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The nearest landmass is Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, about 1030 km (640 mi) west-northwest. Not to be confused with Land mass. A landmass is a large continuous area of land. Cape Hatteras is a cape on the coast of North Carolina. It is the point that protrudes the furthest to the southeast along the northeast-to-southwest line of the North Carolina ( is a state located on the Atlantic Seaboard in the southeastern United States It is the oldest and most populous remaining British overseas territory, settled by England a century before the Acts of Union created the United Kingdom. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The Acts of Union were a pair of Parliamentary Acts passed during 1706 and 1707 by the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland to put into The Kingdom of Great Britain, also known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain, was a State in northwest Europe, in existence from 1707 to 1800
Although commonly referred to in the singular, the territory consists of approximately 138 islands, with a total area of 53. An island (ˈaɪlənd or isle (/ˈaɪl/ is any piece of land that is completely surrounded by water in two dimensions above high tide and isolated from other significant 3 km² (20. 6 sq. mi. ). Compiling a list of these islands is often complicated, as many have more than one name (as does the entire archipelago, which, in addition to its two official names, has historically been known as "La Garza", "Virgineola", and the "Isle of Devils"). Despite the limited land mass, there has also been a tendency for place names to be repeated; there are, for instance, two islands named "Long Island", three bays known as "Long Bay", and "St. George's Town" is located on "St. George's Island" within "St. George's Parish" (each known as St. St George's (formally the Town of St George, or St George's Town) located on the island and within the parish of the same names was the first permanent settlement St George's Island is one of the main islands of the territory of Bermuda. St George's Parish is one of the nine parishes of Bermuda. It is named in honour of the patron saint of England, though it is indirectly regarded as being named George's), whereas Bermuda's capital, the "City of Hamilton", lies in Pembroke Parish, not in "Hamilton Parish", on the largest island, "Main Island", which itself is sometimes called "Bermuda". Hamilton is the Capital of Bermuda. Although there is a parish of the same name, the city of Hamilton is in the parish of Pembroke. Pembroke Parish is one of the nine parishes of Bermuda. It is named after English aristocrat William Herbert 3rd Earl of Pembroke (1580-1630 Hamilton Parish (originally Bedford Parish is one of the nine parishes of Bermuda.
Bermuda has a highly affluent economy, with a large financial sector and tourism industry giving it the world's highest GDP per capita in 2005. The field of finance refers to the concepts of Time, Money and Risk and how they are interrelated Tourism is Travel for Recreational or Leisure purposes The World Tourism Organization defines tourists as people who "travel It has a subtropical climate, beaches with pink sand, and cerulean blue ocean. The subtropics are the zones of the Earth immediately north and south of the tropic zone which is bounded by the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Cerulean may be applied to a range of colors from deep Blue, sky-blue bright blue or azure color through greenish blue colors
Contents |
History
Bermuda was discovered by Europeans in the early 1500s, probably in 1503, according to some sources. This is the History of Bermuda. See also the History of Virginia, History of the Americas, History of the Turks and Caicos Islands, It was certainly known by 1511, when Peter Martyr d'Anghiera published his Legatio Babylonica, which mentioned Bermuda, and the island was also included on Spanish charts of this year. Peter Martyr d'Anghiera (in Italian, Pietro Martire d'Anghiera; in Spanish Pedro Mártir De Anghiera, Latin, Petrus Martyr Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. The discovery is attributed to a Spanish explorer, Juan de Bermúdez. Juan de Bermúdez (ber-'moo-deth -des was a Spanish Navigator of the 16th century Both Spanish and Portuguese ships used the islands as a replenishment spot for fresh meat and water, but legends of spirits and devils, now thought to have stemmed only from the callings of raucous birds (most likely the Bermuda Petrel, or Cahow), and of perpetual, storm-wracked conditions (most early visitors arrived under such conditions), kept them from attempting any permanent settlement on the Isle of Devils. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. The English word " spirit " comes from the Latin " spiritus " (breath The Bermuda Petrel, Pterodroma cahow, is a gadfly Petrel. Commonly known in Bermuda as the Cahow
Bermúdez and Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo ventured to Bermuda in 1514 or 1515 with the intention to drop off a breeding stock of hogs on the island as a future stock of fresh meat for passing ships. However, the inclement weather prevented them from landing.
Some years later, a Portuguese ship on the way home from San Domingo wedged itself between two rocks on the reef. Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. The crew tried to salvage as much as they could and spent the next four months building a new hull from Bermuda cedar to return to their initial departure point. Juniperus bermudiana is a species of Juniper endemic to Bermuda. One of these stranded sailors is most likely the person who carved the initials "R" and "P", "1543" into Spanish Rock. The initials probably stood for "Rex Portugaline" and later were incorrectly attributed to the Spanish, leading to the misnaming of this rocky outcrop of Bermuda.
For the next century, the island is believed to have been visited frequently but not permanently settled. The first two British colonies in Virginia had failed, and a more determined effort was initiated by King James I of England (and VI of Scotland), who granted a Royal Charter to The Virginia Company. James VI and I (19 June 1566 – 27 March 1625 was King of Scotland as James VI, and King of England and King of Ireland as James The Virginia Company refers collectively to a pair of English joint stock companies chartered by James I in 1606 with the purposes of establishing In 1609, a flotilla of ships left England under the Company's Admiral, Sir George Somers, to relieve the colony of Jamestown, settled two years before. A flotilla (from Spanish meaning a flota of small ships and this from French flotte) or naval flotilla, is a formation of small Admiral Sir George Somers (1554-1610 was a British naval hero Jamestown, located on Jamestown Island in the Virginia Colony, was founded on May 14 1607 Somers had previous experience sailing with both Sir Francis Drake and Sir Walter Raleigh. Sir Francis Drake, Vice Admiral, (c 1540 &ndash 27 January 1595 was an English Privateer, navigator, Slaver, and politician Sir Walter Raleigh or Ralegh (c 1552 – 29 October 1618 was a famed English writer Poet, Soldier, Courtier and Explorer The flotilla was broken up by a storm, and the flagship, the Sea Venture, was wrecked off Bermuda (as depicted on the territory's Coat of Arms), leaving the survivors in possession of a new territory. The Sea Venture was a 17th-century English sailing ship the wrecking of which in Bermuda is widely thought to have been the inspiration for Shakespeare's The Coat of Arms of Bermuda depicts a red lion holding a shield that has a depiction of a wrecked ship upon it (William Shakespeare's play The Tempest is thought to have been inspired by William Strachey's account of this shipwreck. The Tempest is a comedy written by William Shakespeare. It is generally dated to 1610-11 and accepted as the last play written solely by him although William Strachey (1572 – before June 21, 1621) was an English writer whose works are among the primary sources for the early history of the English colonization ) The island was claimed for the English Crown, and the charter of the Virginia Company was extended to include it. In 1615, the colony was passed to a new company, the Somers Isles Company (The Somers Isles remains an official name for the colony), formed by the same shareholders. The Somers Isles Company was formed in 1615 to operate the English colony of the Somers Isles also known as Bermuda, as a commercial venture The close ties with Virginia were commemorated even after Bermuda's separation by reference to the archipelago in many Virginian place names, such as Bermuda City, and Bermuda Hundred. Hopewell is an Independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia. Bermuda Hundred was the first Incorporated town in the English colony of Virginia. The first British coins in America were struck here. main - title Coin keywords numismatics coin review
Most of the survivors of the Sea Venture had carried on to Jamestown in 1610 aboard two Bermuda-built ships. Among these was John Rolfe, who left a wife and child buried in Bermuda, but in Jamestown would marry Pocahontas, a daughter of Powhatan. John Rolfe (c 1585 &ndash 1622 was one of the early English settlers of North America. Pocahontas (c 1595 – March 21 1617 was a Native American woman who married an Englishman John Rolfe, and became a celebrity in London in the last year of her Chief Powhatan (c June 17, 1547 &ndash c 1618 whose proper name was Wahunsenacawh or (in seventeenth century English spelling Wahunsunacock Rolfe was also single-handedly responsible for beginning Virginia's tobacco industry (the economic basis of the colony had been intended to be lumber). Intentional settlement of Bermuda began with the arrival of the Plough, in 1612.
With its limited land area, Bermuda has had difficulty since then with its population growth. In the first two centuries of settlement, it relied on steady emigration to keep the population manageable. Before the American Revolution, more than ten thousand Bermudians emigrated, primarily to the American South, where Great Britain was displacing Spain as the dominant European imperial power. In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots" A steady trickle of outward migration continued as, by the end of the 18th century, with seafaring being the only real industry, at least a third of the island's manpower was at sea at any one time. This limited land area and resources led to the creation of what may have been the earliest conservation laws of the New World, when in 1616 and 1620 Acts were passed banning the hunting of certain birds and young tortoises[1]
In 1649, the English Civil War raged and King Charles I was beheaded in Whitehall, London. The New World is one of the names used for the non-Eurasian/non-African parts of the Earth specifically the Americas and Australia. The English Civil War (1642-1651 was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists. Charles I, (19 November 1600 &ndash 30 January 1649 was King of England, Scotland and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution. The execution resulted in the outbreak of a Bermudian Civil War; it was ended by embodied militias. This created a strong sense of devotion to the crown for the majority of colonists and it forced those who would not swear allegiance, such as Puritans and Independents, into exile in the Bahamas. A Puritan of 16th and 17th century England was an associate of any number of religious groups advocating for more "purity" of Worship and Doctrine, The Bahamas, officially the Commonwealth of The Bahamas, is an independent sovereign English -speaking country consisting of two thousand Cays and [2]
In the 17th century, the Somers Isles Company suppressed shipbuilding as it needed Bermudians to farm if it were to generate income from the land. Agricultural production met with only limited success, however. The Bermuda cedar boxes used to ship tobacco to England were reportedly worth more than their contents. The colony of Virginia far surpassed Bermuda in both quality and quantity of tobacco produced. Tobacco is an Agricultural product recognized as an addictive drug processed from the fresh Leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana. After the dissolution of the Somers Isle Company, Bermudians rapidly abandoned agriculture for shipbuilding, replanting farmland with the native juniper (Juniperus bermudiana, also called Bermuda cedar) trees that grew thickly over the whole island. Juniperus bermudiana is a species of Juniper endemic to Bermuda. Establishing effective control over the Turks Islands, Bermudians deforested their landscape to begin the salt trade that would become the world's largest, and remained the cornerstone of Bermuda's economy for the next century. Bermudian sailors would turn their hands to far more trades than supplying salt, however. Whaling, privateering, and the merchant trade were all pursued vigorously. A privateer was a private Warship authorized by a country's Government by Letters of marque to attack foreign shipping Vessels would sail the normal shipping routes, but had to engage an enemy vessel no matter the size or strength, and as a result many ships were destroyed. The Bermuda sloop became highly regarded for its speed and manoeuvrability. The Bermuda sloop is a type of fore-and-aft rigged sailing vessel developed on the islands of Bermuda in the 17th century In fact it was the Bermuda sloop HMS Pickle, one of the fastest vessels in the Royal Navy, that brought the news of the victory at Trafalgar and the death of Admiral Nelson back to England. Service In 1803 Pickle was attached to Admiral William Cornwallis ' Inshore Squadron where she was used to recconoitre enemy harbours during the Blockade The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British armed services (and is therefore known as the Senior Service) The Battle of Trafalgar ( 21 October 1805) was a historic sea battle fought between the British Royal Navy and the combined fleets of the Vice-Admiral Horatio Nelson 1st Viscount Nelson 1st Duke of Bronté, KB (29 September 1758– 21 October 1805 was a British
After the American Revolution, the Royal Navy began improving the harbours and built the large dockyard on Ireland Island, in the west of the chain, as its principal naval base guarding the western Atlantic Ocean shipping lanes. In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots" The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British armed services (and is therefore known as the Senior Service) HMD Bermuda (Her/His Majesty's Dockyard Bermuda was the principal base of the Royal Navy in the Western Atlantic between American independence and the Cold War Ireland Island is the northwesternmost island in the chain which comprises Bermuda. During the American War of 1812, the British attacks on Washington D.C. and the Chesapeake, that would result in the writing of "The Star-Spangled Banner", were planned and launched from Bermuda, the Royal Navy's 'North American Station'. The War of 1812 was fought between the United States of America and the British Empire, particularly Great Britain and her North American colonies The Burning of Washington took place in 1814 during the Anglo-American War of 1812. " The Star-Spangled Banner " is the National anthem of the United States of America It was here that the British soldiers assembled before being sent to attack Baltimore and Washington. Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D In 1816, Bermuda's Royal Naval Dockyard was fortified against possible US attacks by James Arnold. James Arnold may refer to James Frederick Arnold (1859-1929 New Zealand politician James L Arnold was the son of famed US traitor Benedict Arnold. Benedict Arnold V ( – June 14, 1801) was a General during the American Revolutionary War who originally fought for the American Continental [3] Today, the "Maritime Museum" occupies on the Keep of the Royal Naval Dockyard, including the Commissioner's House, and exhibits artifacts of the base's military history. A keep is a strong central Tower which is used as a dungeon or a fortress
As a result of Bermuda's proximity to the southeastern U. S. coast, it was regularly used by Confederate States blockade runners during the American Civil War to evade Union naval vessels and bring desperately needed war goods to the South from England. The Confederate States of America (also called the Confederacy, the Confederate States, and CSA) formed as the government set up from 1861 A blockade runner is a term applied to ships used to evade a naval Blockade of a harbor or strait as opposed to confronting the blockaders to break the blockade Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South The old Globe Hotel in St. George's, which was a centre of intrigue for Confederate agents, is preserved as a museum open to the public.
In the early 20th century, as modern transport and communication systems developed, Bermuda became a popular destination for wealthy American, Canadian and British tourists. In addition, the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act enacted by the United States against its trading partners in 1930 cut off Bermuda's once-thriving agricultural export trade (primarily fresh vegetables to the US) spurring the overseas territory to develop its tourist industry, which is second behind international business in terms of economic importance to the island. The Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act (sometimes known as the Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act) was an act signed into law on June 17 1930, that raised U The United States of America —commonly referred to as the In 1949, Henry Vassey, then Chairman of the Bermuda Trade Development Board, urged the House of Assembly of Bermuda to pursue a political union with Canada. Four Methodist Church congregations in Bermuda are part of The United Church of Canada, forming Bermuda Presbytery of the United Church's Maritime Conference headquartered in Sackville, New Brunswick, Canada. Sackville (2006 population 5411 is a Canadian town in Westmorland County, New Brunswick. New Brunswick ( French: Nouveau-Brunswick /nuvobʁɔnzwik/ is one of Canada 's three Maritime provinces and is the only constitutionally Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page
Politics
Executive authority in Bermuda is vested in The Queen and is exercised on her behalf by the Governor. Politics of Bermuda takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic dependency, whereby the Premier is the Head of government Parliament has two chambers. Originally there was only one the House of Assembly which held its first session in 1620 making Bermuda's Parliament amongst the World's oldest For the ship see RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Context States headed by Elizabeth II The Governor of Bermuda is the representative of the British monarch in the United Kingdom 's overseas territory of Bermuda. The governor is appointed by the Queen on the advice of the British Government. Her Majesty's Government, or when the monarch is male His Majesty's Government, is the title used by the Government of the United Kingdom, based at The current governor is Sir Richard Hugh Turton Gozney KCMG; he was sworn-in on December 12, 2007. Sir Richard Hugh Turton Gozney KCMG, born 21 July 1951, is a British career Diplomat. Events 627 - Battle of Nineveh: A Byzantine army under Emperor Heraclius defeats Emperor Khosrau II 's Persian Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. [4] There is also a Deputy Governor (currently Mark Andrew Capes JP). A Justice of the Peace ( JP) is a Puisne Judicial officer appointed by means of a commission to keep the peace [5] Defence and foreign affairs remain the responsibility of the United Kingdom, which also retains responsibility to ensure good government. It must approve any changes to the Constitution of Bermuda. Bermuda now exists as an overseas territory of Britain, but it is the oldest British colony. In 1620, a Royal Assent granted Bermuda limited self-governance, thus making Bermuda's Parliament the fifth oldest in the world, behind only England, the Isle of Man, Iceland and Poland[6]
The Constitution of Bermuda came into force on June 1, 1967 and has been amended in 1989 and 2003. The Isle of Man (Ellan Vannin ˈɛlʲən ˈvanɪn or Mann (Mannin) is a self-governing Crown dependency, located in the Irish Sea at the geographical Iceland, officially the Republic of Iceland ( ( Ísland or Lýðveldið Ísland ( Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected Year 1967 ( MCMLXVII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the 1967 Gregorian calendar. The head of government is the premier. The following is a list of Premiers of Bermuda. See also British overseas territory Lists of incumbents A cabinet is nominated by the premier and appointed officially by the governor. The legislative branch consists of a bicameral parliament modeled on the Westminster system. In Government, bicameralism (bi + Latin la ''camera'' chamber is the practice of having two legislative or Parliamentary chambers Thus a bicameral The Westminster system is a democratic Parliamentary system of Government modelled after the British government (the Parliament of the United The Senate is the upper house consisting of eleven members appointed by the governor on the advice of the premier and the leader of the opposition. The Senate is one of two parts of the Parliament of Bermuda, the other being the House of Assembly. The House of Assembly, or lower house, has thirty-six members elected by the eligible voting populace in secret ballot to represent geographically defined constituencies. The House of Assembly is the lower house of the Parliament of Bermuda. Elections must be called at no more than five-year intervals. Bermuda elects on territorial level a Legislature. Parliament has two chambers. The Progressive Labour Party won the most recent general election held on December 18, 2007, winning 22 of 36 seats in the House of Assembly. Formation The first political party in Bermuda and the oldest still active the PLP was founded in 1963 by Wilfred Mose Allen Hugh Ryo Richardson Albert Peter Smith Edward Events 218 BC - Second Punic War: Battle of the Trebia - Hannibal 's Carthaginian forces defeat those of the Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. [7]
Following his victory over former Premier Alex Scott at the Progressive Labour Party delegates' conference in October 2006, the current premier is Ewart Brown. William Alexander "Alex" Scott JP, MP (born 1940) is a politician in Bermuda who is the MP for the Warwick South East constituency Ewart Frederick Brown Jr (born 1946 is the Premier of Bermuda, leader of the Bermuda Progressive Labour Party (PLP, Minister of Tourism and Transport The United Bermuda Party serves in opposition. History The United Bermuda Party was founded on 21 August, 1964, by 24 members of Bermuda's Parliament following the formation of the Progressive In Politics, the opposition comprises one or more political parties or other organized groups that are opposed to the Government, party or group The Progressive Labour Party leadership favours independence from the United Kingdom, although polls have indicated that this is not supported by the population. While a referendum in 1995 on independence was defeated by a substantial margin, the Bermuda Industrial Union and the Progressive Labour Party (then in the Opposition) had called for a boycott of the referendum, having an unquantified impact on the result. The Bermuda Industrial Union (BIU is a general Trade union in Bermuda.
There are few accredited diplomats in Bermuda. The United States maintains the largest diplomatic mission in Bermuda - comprising both the United States Consulate and the U.S. Customs and Border Protection Services at the Bermuda International Airport. The United States Bureau of Customs and Border Protection (CBP known as U LF Wade International Airport, formerly named Bermuda International Airport, is the sole Airport serving Bermuda, a British overseas territory U. S. Consul General Gregory W. Slayton is the U. S. Chief of Mission in Bermuda. Given that the United States is by far Bermuda's largest trading partner - providing over 71% of total imports, 85% of tourist visitors while there is an estimated $163 billion of U. S. capital in the Bermuda insurance/re-insurance industry alone - and the fact that an estimated 5% of Bermuda residents are U. S. citizens which represents 14% of all foreign born persons - American diplomatic presence is seen as an important element in the Bermuda political landscape.
Parishes and municipalities
Bermuda is divided into nine parishes and two municipalities. |||}Bermuda is divided into nine Parishes and two municipalities. A parish is a Local church; it is an administrative unit typically found in episcopal or presbyterian churches A municipality is an administrative entity composed of a clearly defined territory and its population and commonly denotes a City, Town, or Village, or
Bermuda's nine parishes:
Bermuda's two incorporated municipalities:
- Hamilton (city)
- St. George's (town)
Bermuda's two unincorporated municipalities:
Military
Once known as the Gibraltar of the West, the defence of Bermuda remains the responsibility of the British government. The defence of Bermuda remains the responsibility of the National (British Government rather than of the Bermudian Government which is effectively a local authority Until the American Revolutionary War, following which Bermuda became the Royal Navy's Western Atlantic headquarters, the Bermuda government had maintained militia for the defence of the colony. In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots" The term militia is commonly used today to refer to a military force composed of ordinary Citizens to provide defense emergency law enforcement or Paramilitary service Once the Royal Navy established a base and dockyard defended by regular soldiers, however, these militias became superfluous and were disbanded following the War of 1812. The War of 1812 was fought between the United States of America and the British Empire, particularly Great Britain and her North American colonies At the end of the 19th century, the colony did raise volunteer units to form a reserve for the military garrison. The Volunteer (later Territorial Army units raised in Bermuda were created as part of an Imperial military garrison that existed primarily to protect the Royal Naval
Due to its strategic location in the North Atlantic Ocean, Bermuda was vital to the Allies' war effort during both World Wars of the 20th century, serving as a marshalling point for trans-Atlantic convoys, as well as a naval and air base (during the Second World War). World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including
In May 1940, the U. S. requested base rights in Bermuda from the United Kingdom, but British Prime Minister Winston Churchill was initially unwilling to accede to the American request without getting something in return. Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC, PC (Can ( 30 November 1874 [8] In September, 1940, as part of the Destroyers for Bases Agreement, the United Kingdom granted the U. The Destroyers for Bases Agreement between the United States and the United Kingdom, September 2, 1940, transferred fifty Destroyers The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located S. base rights in Bermuda. Bermuda and Newfoundland were not originally included in the agreement, but both were added to it, with no war material received in exchange. Newfoundland and Labrador (ˈnuːfɨn(dlənd ən(d ˈlæbrəˌdɔr (Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador is a province of Canada, the tenth and latest to join the Confederation However, one of the terms of the agreement was that the airfield the US Army was to build in Bermuda would be used jointly by the US and the UK (which it was for the duration of the war, with RAF Transport Command relocating there from Darrell's Island in 1943). The Royal Air Force (RAF operated from two locations in Bermuda during the Second World War. Construction began in 1941 of two airbases consisting of 5. 8 km² (2¼ mi², 1,400 acres) of land, largely reclaimed from the sea. For many years, Bermuda's bases were used by U. S. Air Force and, later, U. S. Navy planes patrolling the Atlantic for enemy submarines, first German and, later, Soviet. The German people (Deutsche are an Ethnic group, in the sense of sharing a common German culture, descent and speaking the German language as A soviet (сове́т, "council" originally was a workers' local council in late Imperial Russia. Although leased for 99 years, U. S. forces withdrew in 1995, as part of the wave of base closures following the end of the Cold War. Cold War is the state of conflict tension and competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR and their respective allies from the
Canada, which had operated a war-time naval base, HMCS Somers Isles, on the old Royal Navy base at Convict Bay, St. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page George's, also established a radio-listening post at Daniel's Head, in the West End of the islands during this time.
In the 1950s, after the end of World War II, the Royal Naval dockyard and the military garrison were closed. HMD Bermuda (Her/His Majesty's Dockyard Bermuda was the principal base of the Royal Navy in the Western Atlantic between American independence and the Cold War A small supply base continued to operate within the dockyard area until it, too, was closed in 1995, along with the American and Canadian bases.
In both World War I and World War II, Bermudians served in the British armed forces. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Amongst the latter was Major-General Glyn Charles Anglim Gilbert, Bermuda's highest ranking soldier. Major-General Glyn Charles Anglim Gilbert CB MC was the highest-ranking Bermudian soldier After the war, he was instrumental in developing the Bermuda Regiment. A number of other Bermudians and children of Bermudians had preceded him into senior ranks, including Bahamian-born Admiral Lord Gambier, and Bermudian-born Royal Marines Brigadier Harvey, who, when promoted to that rank at age 39, following his wounding at the Anzio landings, became the youngest-ever Royal Marine Brigadier. Admiral of the Fleet John James Gambier 1st Baron Gambier (born 13 October 1756 New Providence, Bahamas &ndash 19 April The Royal Marines ( RM) are the marine corps and amphibious Infantry of the United Kingdom and along with the Royal Navy Operation Shingle ( January 22, 1944) during the Italian Campaign of World War II, was an Allied amphibious landing against The Cenotaph in front of the Cabinet Building (in Hamilton) was erected in tribute to Bermuda's Great War dead (the tribute was later extended to Bermuda's Second World War dead) and is the site of the annual Remembrance Day commemoration (see photo, above). A cenotaph is a tomb or a Monument erected in honour of a person or group of persons whose remains are elsewhere World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Remembrance Day also known as Poppy Day, Armistice Day (the event it commemorates or Veterans Day is a day to commemorate the
Today, the only military unit remaining in Bermuda is the Bermuda Regiment, an amalgam of the voluntary units originally formed toward the end of the 19th century. The Bermuda Regiment is the home defence unit of the British Overseas Territory of Bermuda. Although the Regiment consists of 'voluntary units' there still exists conscription in which balloted males are required to serve for three years, two months part time, once they turn eighteen.
Role in International Relations
As an Overseas Territory of the United Kingdom, Bermuda has no seat in the United Nations and is represented by the UK in foreign affairs. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security Bermuda's close proximity to the United States has made it the site of past summit conferences between British Prime Ministers and U. S. Presidents. The first summit was held in December, 1953, at the insistence of Prime Minister Winston Churchill to discuss relations with the Soviet Union during the Cold War. Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC, PC (Can ( 30 November 1874 The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Cold War is the state of conflict tension and competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR and their respective allies from the Participants at the conference included Churchill, U. S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower, and French Premier Joseph Laniel. Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower (October 14 1890 – March 28 1969 was President of the United States from 1953 until 1961 and a five-star general Joseph Laniel (12 October 1889 - 8 April 1975 was a French conservative politician of the Fourth Republic, who served as Prime Minister for a year from 1953 In 1957, a second summit conference was held, this time Harold Macmillan was the British Prime Minister and he arrived earlier than President Eisenhower to make it clear that they were meeting on British territory, as tensions were still high regarding the conflict over the Suez Canal in the previous year. (Maurice Harold Macmillan 1st Earl of Stockton, OM, PC (10 February 1894 &ndash 29 December 1986 was a British Conservative Politician The Suez Canal is a Canal in Egypt. Opened in 1869 it allows Water transportation between Europe and Asia without circumnavigation It was said the two discussed the general situation of the world. Macmillan would return in 1961 for the third summit with President John F. Kennedy, who was familiar with Bermuda having made numerous personal visits. John Fitzgerald "Jack" Kennedy (May 29 1917&ndashNovember 22 1963 often referred to by his initials JFK, was the thirty-fifth President of The meeting was called to discuss the Cold War tensions arising from construction of the Berlin Wall. Cold War is the state of conflict tension and competition that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR and their respective allies from the The Berlin Wall (Berliner Mauer was a physical barrier separating West Berlin from the German Democratic Republic (GDR ( East Germany) including The most recent summit conference in Bermuda between the two powers occurred in 1971, when British Prime Minister Edward Heath met U. Sir Edward Richard George Heath, KG, MBE (9 July 1916 &ndash 17 July 2005 often known as Ted Heath, was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom S. President Richard Nixon. [9].
Geography
Bermuda is located in the North Atlantic Ocean, roughly 580 nautical miles (1070 km, 670 mi) east-southeast of Cape Hatteras on the Outer Banks of North Carolina and roughly 590 nautical miles (1100 km, 690 mi) southeast of Martha's Vineyard (see map). This article describes the Geography of Bermuda. Location Bermuda (officially The Bermuda Islands or The Somers A nautical mile or sea mile is a unit of Length. It corresponds approximately to one minute of Latitude along any meridian. The Outer Banks is a 200-mile (320-km long string of narrow Barrier islands off the coast of North Carolina, on the east coast of the United States. North Carolina ( is a state located on the Atlantic Seaboard in the southeastern United States Martha's Vineyard (adjoining the smaller Chappaquiddick Island) is an Island off the US east coast to the south of Cape Cod, both It has 103 km (64 mi) of coastline. There are two incorporated municipalities in Bermuda: the City of Hamilton and the Town of St. George. A corporation is a separate legal entity usually used to conduct business Local governments are administrative offices that are smaller than a State. Hamilton is the Capital of Bermuda. Although there is a parish of the same name, the city of Hamilton is in the parish of Pembroke. St George's (formally the Town of St George, or St George's Town) located on the island and within the parish of the same names was the first permanent settlement Bermuda is divided into various "parishes", in which there are some localities called "villages", such as Flatts Village, Tucker's Town and Somerset Village. Flatts Village is a small settlement in Bermuda, lying on the southern bank of Flatt's Inlet in Hamilton Parish, almost exactly between the territory's Tucker's Town is a small settlement in St George's Parish, Bermuda, located in the small part of the parish on the territory's main island close to the shore of Somerset is a small village in the northwest of Bermuda, located in Sandys Parish.
Although Bermuda's latitude is similar to that of Savannah, Georgia, it is warmer in winter, and cooler in summer (the same is true of Bermuda in comparison to places much further north, including New York). Savannah is a city located in the state of Georgia, United States. The City of New York Its subtropical climate [3] is warmed by the nearby Gulf Stream, thanks to the westerlies, which carry warm, humid air eastwards over Bermuda, helping to keep winter temperatures above freezing. The subtropics are the zones of the Earth immediately north and south of the tropic zone which is bounded by the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of The Gulf Stream, together with its northern extension towards Europe the North Atlantic Drift, is a powerful warm and swift Atlantic Ocean current that The Westerlies or the Prevailing Westerlies are the prevailing winds in the Middle latitudes between 30 and 60 degrees Latitude, blowing from The climate is humid and, as a result, the summertime heat index can be high, even though mid-August temperatures rarely exceed 30 °C (86 °F). The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. Fahrenheit is a temperature scale named after Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736 a German Physicist who proposed it in 1724 Winters are mild, with average daytime temperatures in January and February around 20°C (68°F), although cold fronts, which dominate the local weather for most of the year, bring arctic air masses that can result in rapid temperature drops. A cold front defined as the leading edge of a cooler and drier mass of air For airmass in Astronomy, see Airmass. In Meteorology, an air mass is a large volume of Air that Atlantic winter storms, often associated with these cold fronts, can produce powerful, gusting winds and heavy rain. Factoring in the wind chill, the felt air temperature in winter can fall below freezing, 0°C (32°F), even though the actual temperature rarely drops below 10°C (50°F). This page is for the movie "Wind Chill" For the term see Wind chill. Felt air temperature (or apparent air temperature) is the Air Temperature perceived by the body which may differ from the actual temperature
The only source of fresh water in Bermuda is rainfall, which is collected on roofs and catchments (or drawn from underground lenses) and stored in tanks. Each dwelling usually has at least one of these tanks forming part of its foundation.
Economy
Bermuda's currency is the Bermudian dollar, which is pegged to the US dollar. Bermuda enjoys one of the highest per capita incomes in the world having successfully exploited its location by providing financial services for international firms and luxury The dollar ( ISO 4217 code BMD) is the Currency of Bermuda. It is normally abbreviated with the Dollar sign $ or A fixed exchange rate, sometimes called a pegged exchange rate, is a type of Exchange rate regime wherein a Currency 's value is matched to the value of The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been US notes and coins are used interchangeably with Bermudian notes and coins within the islands for most practical purposes; however, banks levy a small exchange rate for the purchase of US dollars with Bermudian dollars. [10] Bermudian notes carry the image of HM Queen Elizabeth II. For the ship see RMS Queen Elizabeth 2 Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Context States headed by Elizabeth II The Bermuda Monetary Authority is the issuing authority for all banknotes and coins, as well as being responsible for the regulation of financial institutions. There is a permanent exhibition of Bermuda notes and coins at the Royal Naval Dockyard Museum.
Bermuda's per-capita income is approximately 50% higher than that of the United States; according to the Bermuda Government's Economic Statistics Division, Bermuda's GDP was $4. 857 billion in 2005, or $76,403 per-capita, giving Bermuda the highest GDP per capita in the world. [11]
The affordability of housing has become a prominent issue over the past few years. The CIA World Factbook lists the average cost of a house in June 2003 as $976,000,[12] while real estate agencies have claimed that this figure had risen to $1. 6 million by 2006,[13] and to $1. 845 million by early 2007,[14] though such high figures have been disputed. [15]
Bermuda is an Offshore financial centre, which results from its low direct taxation on personal or corporate income. An offshore financial centre (or OFC) although not precisely defined is usually a low- Tax, lightly Regulated jurisdiction which specializes in providing The local tax system is based upon import duties, payroll taxes and consumption taxes. The legal system is derived from that of the United Kingdom, with recourse to English courts of final appeal.
As the offshore domicile of many foreign companies, Bermuda has a highly-developed international business economy; it is a financial exporter of financial services (primarily insurance, reinsurance, investment funds and special purpose vehicles (SPV) ). An offshore financial centre (or OFC) although not precisely defined is usually a low- Tax, lightly Regulated jurisdiction which specializes in providing A financial export is a business service provided by a domestic firm (regardless of ownership to a foreign firm within the scope of financial services Insurance, in Law and Economics, is a form of Risk management primarily used to hedge against the Risk of a contingent loss Reinsurance is a means by which an Insurance company can protect itself against the risk of losses with other insurance companies A collective investment scheme is a way of investing money with other people to participate in a wider range of investments than those feasible for most individual investors A special purpose entity ( SPE) (sometimes especially in Europe " special purpose vehicle " or simply SPV) is a body corporate (usually a
Large numbers of leading international insurance companies are based in Bermuda making the territory one of the world's largest reinsurance centres. [16] Those internationally owned and operated businesses that are physically based in Bermuda - of which there are around four hundred - are represented by the Association of Bermuda International Companies (ABIC). In total, over 1,500 exempted or international companies are currently registered with the Registrar of Companies in Bermuda.
Thanks to its favourable tax regime and a highly reactive regulatory framework Bermuda is the domicile of choice for the implementation of insurance related innovative solutions also known as Alternative Risk Transfer (ART). Alternative Risk Transfer (often referred to as ART is the use of techniques other than traditional insurance and reinsurance to provide risk bearing entities with coverage or protection ART includes captive insurances, Finite Risk insurance and insurance securitisation such as Cat bonds. Captive insurance companies are Insurance companies established with the specific objective of financing risks emanating from their parent group or groups but they sometimes Finite Risk insurance is the term applied within the Insurance industry to describe an Alternative Risk Transfer product that is typically a multi-year insurance Securitization is a Structured finance process which involves pooling and repackaging of Cash flow producing financial Assets Catastrophe bonds (also known as cat bonds) are risk-linked Securities that transfer a specified set of risks from a sponsor to Investors They are often
The Bermuda Stock Exchange (BSX) first established in 1971 is now the world's largest fully electronic offshore securities market, with a current market capitalisation (excluding mutual funds) in excess of US$ 330 billion. The Bermuda Stock Exchange (BSX established in 1971 is now the world’s leading fully electronic offshore securities market with a current Market capitalization (excluding There are four hundred securities listed on the stock exchange, of which almost three hundred are offshore funds and alternative investment structures, attracted by Bermuda's regulatory environment. The Exchange specialises in listing and trading of capital market instruments such as equities, debt issues, funds (including Hedge Fund structures) and depository receipt programmes.
The BSX is a full member of the World Federation of Exchanges and is located in an OECD member nation. The World Federation of Exchanges ( WFE) formerly FIBV - Federation Internationale des Bourses de Valeurs (International Federation of Stock Exchanges is an international organization It also has Approved Stock Exchange status under Australia’s Foreign Investment Fund (FIF) taxation rules and Designated Investment Exchange status by the UK's Financial Services Authority.
Tourism is Bermuda's second largest industry, with the island attracting over one-half million visitors annually, of whom more than 80% are from the United States. Other significant sources of visitors are Canada and the United Kingdom. Tourists arrive either by cruise ship or by air at Bermuda International Airport, the only airport on the island. LF Wade International Airport, formerly named Bermuda International Airport, is the sole Airport serving Bermuda, a British overseas territory [17]
Education
The Bermuda Education Act 1996 requires that only three categories of schools can operate in the Bermuda Education system:
- aided school, has all or a part of its property vested in a body of trustees or board of governors and is partially maintained by public funding or, since 1965 and the desegregation of schools, has received a grant-in-aid out of public funds.
- maintained school, has the whole of its property belonging to the Government and is fully maintained by public funds.
- private school, not maintained by public funds and has not, since 1965 and the desegregation of schools, received any capital grant-in-aid out of public funds. The private school sector consists of 6 traditional private schools, two of which are religious schools, and the remaining four are secular with one of these being a single gender school. Also, within the private sector there are a number of home schools which must be registered with the government and receive minimal government regulation. The only boys’ school opened its doors to girls in the 1990s and in 1996, one of the maintained public schools became a private school.
Prior to 1965, the Bermuda school system was racially segregated and when the desegregation of schools was enacted in 1965, two of the formally maintained “white” schools and both single gender schools opted to become private schools. The rest became part of the public school system and were either aided or maintained.
At present there are 26 schools in the Bermuda Public School System, eighteen of which are primary schools, five are middle schools, two senior schools and one special school. There is also an Alternative Programme provided for students with behavioural challenges who cannot function in the public mainstream. There are two aided primary schools, two aided middle schools and one aided senior school.
For higher education, the Bermuda College offers various associate degrees and other certificate programmes. An associate degree is an Academic degree awarded by Community colleges Junior colleges four-year Universities, Business colleges [18] Bermuda does not have any four-year colleges or universities.
Sightseeing and attractions
Renowned for its pink sand beaches and natural beauty, Bermuda offers a number of other attractions, as well. Historic St. George's is a designated World Heritage Site. A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex Scuba divers can explore numerous wrecks and coral reefs in relatively shallow water (typically 30–40 ft. Scuba diving is swimming underwater, or taking part in another activity while using a Scuba set. A shipwreck can refer to a wrecked ship or to the event that caused the wreck such as the striking of something that causes the ship to sink the stranding of the ship on rocks Coral reefs are Aragonite structures produced by living organisms found in marine waters with little to no nutrients in the water in depth) with virtually unlimited visibility. Many nearby reefs are readily accessible from shore by snorkellers, especially at Church Bay. Snorkeling ( British spelling: snorkelling) is the practice of Swimming at the surface of a body of water while equipped with a Diving mask, a
Bermuda's most popular visitor attraction is the Royal Navy Dockyard and Museum. Other attractions include the Aquarium and Zoo, Bermuda Underwater Exploration Institute, the Botanical Gardens, lighthouses, and the Crystal Caves with its impressive stalactites and underground saltwater pools. A lighthouse is a Tower, building or framework designed to emit light from a system of lamps and lenses or in older times from a fire and used as an A stalactite ( Greek stalaktites, (Σταλακτίτης from the word for "drip" and meaning "that which drips" is a type of Speleothem
It is not possible to rent a car on the island; however, visitors can hire scooters for use as private transport, or use public transport. A scooter is a style of two-wheeled motor vehicle traditionally defined by characteristics such as a step-through frame wheels less than 16" in diameter and an engine located
Arts and culture
Bermuda's culture is a mixture of the various sources of its population, though little trace remains of the various Native American, Spanish-Caribbean, African, Irish or Scots cultures that would have been evident in the 17th century, with Anglo-Saxon culture becoming dominant. The Culture of Bermuda reflects the heritage of its people who are chiefly of African and European descent Today, the only language other than English that is spoken by any substantial part of the population is actually Portuguese, following one hundred and sixty years of immigration from Portuguese Atlantic islands (primarily the Azores, though also from Madeira and the Cape Verde Islands). The Portuguese people (os Portugueses literally the Portuguese) are the Ethnic group or Nation native to the country of Portugal, in the west The Azores ( Açores ɐˈsoɾɨʃ or) is a Portuguese Archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean, about 1500 km (950 mi) from History See also History of Madeira Pre-Portuguese times Pliny mentions certain Purple Islands the position of which with reference to the The Republic of Cape Verde ( Portuguese: Cabo Verde, 'kabu 'veɾdɨ is a Republic located on an Archipelago in the Macaronesia There are strong British influences, together with Afro-Caribbean. The African diaspora was the movement of Africans and their descendants to places throughout the world - predominantly to the Americas, then later to Europe, the A second wave of immigration from the West Indies has been sustained throughout the 20th century, although, unlike the Africans who immigrated from that area as indentured servants (or who were imported as slaves) in the 17th century, the more recent arrivals have mostly come from English speaking countries (albeit, most of the West Indian islands whose populations now speak English were then part of the Spanish Empire). The Caribbean (ˌkærəˡbiən kæ'rəbiən Cariben|Caraïben or Caraïben; Caraïbe or more commonly Antilles; Caribe is a Region consisting The Spanish Empire (Imperio Español was one of the largest Empires in history and one of the first Global empires In the 15th and 16th centuries This new infusion of West Indians has both accelerated social and political change, and diversified Bermuda's culture. West Indian musicians introduced calypso music when Bermuda's tourist industry was expanded with the increase of visitors brought by post Second World War aviation. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including While calypso music appealed more to the visitors than to the locals, Reggae has been embraced since the 1970s with the influx of Jamaican immigration. Reggae is a Music genre first developed in Jamaica in the late 1960s Jamaica (ˈdʒəˈmeɪkə} is an Island nation of the Greater Antilles, in length and as much as in width situated in the Caribbean Sea.
Bermuda's literary history was largely limited to non-Bermudian writers commenting on the island. In the 20th century, a large number of books were written and published locally, though few were aimed at a wider market than Bermuda (most of these being scholarly reference books, rather than creative writing). One Bermudian novelist, Brian Burland, has achieved a degree of success and acclaim internationally, although the first (and undoubtedly the most important, historically) notable book credited to a Bermudian was the History of Mary Prince, a slave narrative by a Bermudian woman, Mary Prince, which helped to end slavery in the British Empire. Mary Prince (1788-?1833 was a Bermudian woman born into Slavery in Brackish Pond which is now known as Devonshire Marsh in Devonshire Parish Bermuda The British Empire was the largest empire in history and for over a century was the foremost global power. Bermuda's proximity to the United States means that many aspects of US culture are reflected or incorporated into Bermudian culture. Many non-Bermudian writers have also made Bermuda their home, or have had homes here, including A.J. Cronin and F. Van Wyck Mason, who wrote on Bermudian subjects. Archibald Joseph Cronin (19 July 1896–6 January 1981 was Francis Van Wyck Mason ( November 11, 1901 &ndash August 28, 1978, Bermuda) was an American historian and novelist
Dance and music are important in Bermuda. Bermuda is an Atlantic island and an overseas territory of the United Kingdom, often treated as part of the Caribbean music area. The dances of the colourful Gombey Dancers, seen at many events, were influenced by imported Native American and African slaves. For indigenous peoples in the United States other than Hawaii and Alaska see also Native Americans in the United States.
Bermuda has produced, or been home, to actors (such as Earl Cameron, Diana Dill, and most famously, Michael Douglas and Catherine Zeta-Jones). Earl Cameron (born 8 August 1917) is a British Actor. He is known as one of the first black actors to break the "colour Diana Dill Darrid ( January 22 1923) is a Bermuda -born American actress who has also appeared professionally under the names Diana Michael Kirk Douglas (born September 25, 1944) is an American Actor and producer, primarily in Movies and Television Catherine Zeta-Jones ( "zeeta" born September 25, 1969) is a Welsh actress, presently based in the United States Noted musicians have included local icons The Talbot Brothers, who performed for many decades in both Bermuda and The United States (and appearing on Ed Sullivan's televised variety show), jazz pianist Lance Hayward, pop singer Heather Nova and more recently dancehall artist Collie Buddz. The Talbot Brothers were a Musical group based in Bermuda that were among the most popular calypso performers of the 1950s Edward Vincent "Ed" Sullivan ( September 28, 1901 – October 13, 1974) was an American Entertainment Writer Lance Hayward, a Jazz pianist was born in Bermuda in 1916 where he lived until he moved to New York City at the age of 50 Heather Nova, (born Heather Allison Frith, on July 6, 1967 in Bermuda) is a Singer-songwriter and poet Collie Buddz (born Colin Harper August 21, 1981 in New Orleans Louisiana) is a Reggae and Dancehall artist from Bermuda In 1979, Gina Swainson was crowned "Miss World". Gina Ann Casandra Swainson, born 1958 in Bermuda, was the first runner up in the Miss Universe contest of Miss Universe 1979. The Miss World pageant is the oldest surviving major international Beauty pageant created in the United Kingdom by Eric Morley in 1951
Every year Bermuda hosts an international film festival, which shows many independent and interesting films. One of the festival's founders is film producer and director Arthur Rankin, Jr., co-founder of the Rankin/Bass production company. Arthur Rankin Jr (born July 19, 1924 in New York City) is an American -born Bermudian director producer and Rankin/Bass Productions Inc (formerly Videocraft International Ltd [19]
Bermuda watercolours painted by local artists are sold at various galleries and elaborately hand-carved cedar sculptures are another speciality. One such 7 ft (2. 1 m) sculpture created by Bermudian artisan Chesley Trott is on display at the airport's baggage claim area. Local artwork may also be viewed at several galleries around the island. Alfred Birdsey was one of the more famous and talented watercolourists, his impressionistic landscapes of Hamilton, St. George's and the surrounding sailboats, homes, and bays of Bermuda are world-renowned. Hamilton is the Capital of Bermuda. Although there is a parish of the same name, the city of Hamilton is in the parish of Pembroke. He also painted some sailboat artwork that was used to promote the America's Cup when it is sailed from Newport, Rhode Island, USA to Bermuda. The America’s Cup is the most prestigious Regatta and Match race in the sport of Sailing, and the oldest active Trophy in international Newport (Casnewydd is a city and principal area in Wales, in the United Kingdom. Rhode Island ( officially named the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, is a state in the New England region of the United States The United States of America —commonly referred to as the
Every Easter, Bermudians of all ages build kites, usually of a traditional Bermudian type, which are flown to symbolize Christ's ascent. A Bermudian kite is made to geometric designs, quite colourful, and is an art form as much as a recreational tool. A ' Bermuda kite' is made using traditional geometric designs quite colourful and is an art form as much as a recreational tool Despite this, Bermudian kites are very airworthy, holding world records for altitude and duration of flight.
Sports
Sport is a popular pastime in Bermuda, especially sailing, cricket, golf, football (soccer), and rugby. Sailing is the art of controlling a Sailing vessel. By changing the Rigging, Rudder and dagger or centre board a Sailor manages the force Cricket is a bat-and-ball team Sport that originated in England and is now played in more than 100 countries Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Overview See also Playing rugby union A rugby union match lasts for 80 minutes (plus stoppage time with a short
Bermuda's national cricket team participated in the Cricket World Cup 2007 in the West Indies. The Bermudian cricket team is the team representing Bermuda in the sport of Cricket, governed by the Bermuda Cricket Board. The 2007 ICC Cricket World Cup was a Men 's Cricket Tournament that took place in the West Indies from 13 March to 28 April 2007 using the sport's The Caribbean (ˌkærəˡbiən kæ'rəbiən Cariben|Caraïben or Caraïben; Caraïbe or more commonly Antilles; Caribe is a Region consisting Their most famous player is a 130 kg (290 lbs, 20½ stone) police officer named Dwayne Leverock. The pound or pound-mass (abbreviation lb, lbm, or sometimes in the United States #) is a unit of Mass The stone is a unit of Weight. It is part of the Imperial system of weights and measures used in the British Isles, and formerly used in most Russell Dwayne Mark Leverock (born July 14 1971 in Bermuda) is a Bermudian Cricketer. He took a catch against India on the 20 March 2007. Caught is a method of dismissing a Batsman in the Sport of Cricket. The Indian cricket team is an international Cricket team representing India. Events 1600 - The Linköping Bloodbath takes place on Maundy Thursday in Linköping, Sweden. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. However, they now hold the world record for conceding the highest number of runs ever in the history of the World Cup. the Sport of Cricket, a run is the basic unit of scoring. Runs are scored by a Batsman, and the aggregate of the scores of a team's batsmen (plus The Cricket World Cup is the premier international championship of men's One Day International (ODI Cricket. They conceded 413 runs in a 50 overs, one-day international, game against India. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Also very well known is David Hemp, who is the current Glamorgan captain in English first class cricket. David Hemp (born November 8, 1970 in Hamilton) is a Bermudian Cricketer He is a left-handed batsman and a right-arm medium-pace bowler Glamorgan County Cricket Club (Criced Morgannwg is one of the 18 major county clubs which make up the English and Welsh national Cricket structure This is a list of current first-class cricket teams, organised first by country and then alphabetically The annual "Cup Match" cricket tournament between rival parishes St. George's in the east and Somerset in the west is the occasion for a popular national holiday. Somerset ( or) is a county in south west England The County town is Taunton, which is in the south of the county
Bermuda has the world's highest acreage of golf courses as a percentage of its total landmass. In 2007 Bermuda hosted the 25th PGA Grand Slam of Golf. The PGA Grand Slam of Golf is the world's most exclusive golf tournament This 36-hole event was held on October 16-17, 2007, at the Mid Ocean Club in Tucker's Town. The Mid Ocean Club is a private 6520 yard 18-hole golf course in Tucker's Town, Bermuda. This season ending tournament is comprised of only four golfers - the winners of the Masters, U.S. Open, British Open and PGA Championship. The Masters Tournament, also known as The Masters or The US Masters (outside of the United States is one of four major championships in men's The United States Open Championship, commonly known as the US The Open Championship, or simply The Open (often referred to as the British Open outside the UK) is the oldest of the four major championships The PGA Championship (sometimes referred to as the US PGA Championship outside of North America is an annual Golf tournament conducted by the PGA of America The event returns to Bermuda again in 2008.
The Government announced in 2006 that it will provide substantial financial support to Bermuda's cricket and football teams. The ' International One Design' (IOD International is a class of Sail boat used for sail racing. Hamilton Harbour is a natural harbour in Bermuda which serves as the port for the capital the City of Hamilton. The Bermuda national football team is the national team of Bermuda and is controlled by the Bermuda Football Association. Bermuda's most prominent footballers include Clyde Best and Shaun Goater. Clyde Cyril Best MBE (born February 24, 1951 in Bermuda was a Bermudian football player who most notably played as a Striker Leonardo Shaun Goater MBE (born 25 February 1970 in Hamilton, Bermuda) is a footballer who played as a Striker for a number of In 2006, the Bermuda Hogges were formed as the nation's first professional football team in order to raise the standard of play for the Bermuda national football team. Bermuda Hogges is an Bermudian professional Soccer team founded in 2006 The team plays in the United Soccer Leagues Second Division. History In 1995 the USISL split into two leagues one professional and one amateur
Sailing, fishing, and equestrian sports are popular with both residents and visitors alike. Sailing is the art of controlling a Sailing vessel. By changing the Rigging, Rudder and dagger or centre board a Sailor manages the force For the computer security term see Phishing. Fishing is the activity of catching Fish. For the Roman class see Equestrian (Roman Equestrianism refers to the skill of riding or driving Horses This broad description The prestigious Newport–Bermuda Yacht Race is a more than 100-year old tradition. The Bermuda Race, or Newport Bermuda Race, is a biennial Yacht race from Newport Rhode Island In 2007, the 16th biennial Marion-Bermuda yacht race occurred. Marion is a town in Plymouth County, Massachusetts, United States. A sport unique to Bermuda is racing the Bermuda Fitted Dinghy. The ' Bermuda Fitted Dinghy' is a type of racing-dedicated Sail boat used for competitions between the yacht clubs of Bermuda. International One Design racing also originated in Bermuda. The ' International One Design' (IOD International is a class of Sail boat used for sail racing. [20]
At the 2004 Summer Olympics, Bermuda competed in sailing and equestrian events. Bermuda competed at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece. Bermuda has had one Olympic medallist, Clarence Hill, who won a bronze medal in boxing. Clarence Hill (born June 26, 1951) is a retired Bermudian boxer. Bermuda also recently competed in Men's Skeleton (head first luge) at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy. Skeleton is a Winter sport in which competitors aim to drive a one-person Sled in a prone head-first position down an ice track in the fastest time The 2006 Winter Olympics, officially known as the XX Olympic Winter Games, were a Winter Multi-sport event which was celebrated in Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Patrick Singleton placed 19th, with a final time of 1:59. 81. Bermuda also competes in the bi-annual Island Games, which it is bidding to host in 2013. International Island Games Association (IGA is an organisation the sole purpose of which is to organise the Island Games a friendly biennial Athletic competition between teams
Demographics
Population: 65,365 (July 2005 est. Population 65365 (July 2005 est Age structure 0-14 years 189% (male 6177 female 6154 15-64 years 69 ). 54. 8% is listed as black, 34. 1% as white and 6. 4% as multiracial. The terms multiracial and mixed-race describe people whose ancestries come from different races. The islands have a small but growing Asian community. A significant segment of the population is also of Portuguese ancestry (10%), the result of immigration from Portuguese-held islands (especially the Azores) during the past 160 years. The Azores ( Açores ɐˈsoɾɨʃ or) is a Portuguese Archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean, about 1500 km (950 mi) from
Some islanders, especially in St. David's, trace their ancestry to Native Americans. St David's Island is one of the main islands of Bermuda. It is located in the far north of the territory one of the two similarly sized islands that makeup the majority of Hundreds were shipped to Bermuda, possibly from as far as Mexico. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. The best known examples were the Algonquian peoples who were exiled from the New England colonies and sold into slavery in the 17th century, notably in the aftermaths of the Pequot War, and King Philip's War. This article is about the large number of peoples speaking Algonquian languages. History See also History of New England New England's earliest inhabitants were Algonquian -speaking Native Americans including the The Pequot War was an armed conflict in 1636-1637 between an alliance of Massachusetts Bay and Plymouth colonies with Native American allies (the King Philip's War, sometimes called Metacom 's War or Metacom's Rebellion was an armed conflict between Native American inhabitants of
Several thousand expatriate workers, principally from the UK, Canada, the West Indies, and the U. An expatriate (in abbreviated form expat) is a person temporarily or permanently residing in a country and culture other than that of the person's upbringing S. , also reside in Bermuda, primarily engaged in specialised professions such as accounting, finance, and insurance. Others are employed in various trades, such as hotels, restaurants, construction, and landscaping services. Of the total workforce of 38,947 persons in 2005, Government employment figures state that 11,223 (29 percent) are non-Bermudians. [21]
Holidays
| Date | Holiday | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 January | New Year's Day | |
| varies | Good Friday | Bermudians fly home-made kites to celebrate Easter |
| 24 May | Bermuda Day | Originally celebrated Queen Victoria's birthday as Empire Day; later changed to "Bermuda Day" to provide an official opportunity to celebrate the islands' heritage and culture. This is a list of named Holidays in Bermuda. Every Sunday is also considered a holiday New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC New Year's Day is the first day of the Year. On the modern Gregorian calendar, it is celebrated on January 1, as it was also in ancient Rome (though Good Friday, also called Holy Friday or Great Friday, is the Friday preceding Easter Sunday ("Pascha" A kite is a flying tethered object that depends upon the tension of a tethering system Easter ( Greek: Πάσχα Pascha or Pasxa) is the most important religious feast in the Christian Liturgical year. Events 1218 - The Fifth Crusade leaves Acre for Egypt. 1276 - Magnus Ladulås is crowned Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria 24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901 was from 20 June 1837 the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Commonwealth Day is the annual celebration of the Commonwealth of Nations held on the second Monday in March and marked by a multi-faith service in Westminster Abbey On September 18th, the government officially changed the Bermuda Day holiday to National Heroes' Day in an attempt to create greater national pride and in memory of Dame Lois Browne-Evans. It was recently changed back to Bermuda Day. [22] |
| Second Monday in June | Queen's Official Birthday | |
| Thursday before the First Monday in August | Emancipation Day | First day of Cup match |
| Friday before the First Monday in August | Somer's Day | Second day of Cup match |
| First Monday in September | Labour Day | |
| 11 November | Remembrance Day | |
| 25 December | Christmas Day | |
| 26 December | Boxing Day |
Gallery
 St. George's Town and harbour. "The Queen" in this article means the monarch of the Commonwealth Realms The Queen's Official Birthday (sometimes known as "the Labour Day is an annual Holiday celebrated all over the world that resulted from efforts of Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare Remembrance Day also known as Poppy Day, Armistice Day (the event it commemorates or Veterans Day is a day to commemorate the Events 274 - Roman Emperor Aurelian Events 1481 - Battle of Westbrook - Holland defeats troops of Utrecht. Boxing Day is a public holiday in the United Kingdom, Canada, New Zealand and Australia, as well as many other members of the Commonwealth St George's (formally the Town of St George, or St George's Town) located on the island and within the parish of the same names was the first permanent settlement St George's Harbour is a natural harbour in the north of Bermuda. |  Stewart Hall, ca. 1707, in St. George's, Bermuda |  St. St George's (formally the Town of St George, or St George's Town) located on the island and within the parish of the same names was the first permanent settlement George, Bermuda |  Fort St. Catherine |
 Juvenile cedar at Ferry Reach, Bermuda. |  Flatts Village, Smiths Parish, Bermuda. Flatts Village is a small settlement in Bermuda, lying on the southern bank of Flatt's Inlet in Hamilton Parish, almost exactly between the territory's Smith's Parish is one of the nine parishes of Bermuda. It is named for English aristocrat Sir Thomas Smith /Smythe (1588-1625 |  The Causeway |  South Shore of Bermuda (Sinky Bay) |
 Horseshoe Bay, one of Bermuda's public beaches |  Warwick Long Bay |  Gibbs Hill Lighthouse |  St. Sinky Bay is a beach in Bermuda. Though this is the name of the beach the area between Sinky Bay and Cross Bay, and including the lands owned by the Hotel are known David's Lighthouse, still in daily use |
See also
In addition to the above, Bermuda has given its name to various martime concepts:
- Bermuda rig
- Bermuda sloop
- Bermuda fitted dinghy
References
- Non-Self-Governing Territories listed by General Assembly in 2002. The term Bermuda rig refers to a configuration of mast and Rigging for a type of Sailboat and is also known as a Marconi rig; this is the typical The Bermuda sloop is a type of fore-and-aft rigged sailing vessel developed on the islands of Bermuda in the 17th century United Nations Special Committee of 24 on Decolonization. Retrieved on 10 March, 2005.
- (1993) "Bermuda", The New American Desk Encyclopedia, Third edition. ISBN 0-451-17566-2.
- ^ Meggs, Martin - Planner (Information Systems, Department of Planning - "Developing a small Island GIS: the Bermuda Experience", Bermuda.
- ^ Forbes, Keith: "About Bermuda Online", The Royal Gazette Ltd. Accessed September 22, 2007
- ^ Howes, James: "Attack on Baltimore Launched from Bermuda in 'War of 1812'"2005
- ^ Smith, Tim. The Royal Gazette: Breaking News: New Governor sworn in. 12 December, 2007. Accessed 13, December 2007
- ^ Taylor, Matthew. The Royal Gazette: The Governor’s right hand man. 15 January 2007. Accessed 13 December 2007
- ^ Pethen, Valarie: Bermuda Report, Second Edition 1985-1988, page 17. Department of Information Services, 1988. Bermuda
- ^ "Sweet Victory for Brown as Dunkley Out". Royal Gazette (December 19, 2007). Events 324 - Licinius abdicates his position as Roman Emperor. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2007-12-19. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 324 - Licinius abdicates his position as Roman Emperor.
- ^ Martin Gilbert, Churchill and America. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2005.
- ^ Keith Forbes. Bermuda's distinguished visitors over the years. Royal Gazette. Retrieved on 2007-09-22. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 66 - Emperor Nero creates the Legion I Italica. 1236 - The Lithuanians
- ^ [1] Bank of Butterfield Exchange Rate Page
- ^ Bermuda Royal Gazette, Jan. 14, 2007
- ^ Bermuda entry at The World Factbook
- ^ "Average cost of houses hits $1.6m", Jonathan Kent, The Royal Gazette, January 10, 2007
- ^ "Average family home now $1.8m", Meredith Ebbin, Bermuda Sun, August 2, 2007
- ^ "$1.6m average house price? It’s a distortion says Sir John ", Jonathan Kent, The Royal Gazette, January 12, 2007
- ^ [2] Insurance Journal
- ^ Tourism in 2006, Royal Gazette, Jan. 11, 2007
- ^ Bermuda College. Retrieved on 2008-02-10. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1355 - The St Scholastica's Day riot breaks out in Oxford, England, leaving 63 scholars and perhaps 30 locals dead
- ^ index.html
- ^ Bermuda International One Design Fleet
- ^ Bermuda Sun, April 4, 2007. Events 1581 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century.
- ^ Regan, Nigel: "No More May 24th" The Bermuda Sun, September 19th 2007
External links
- Bermuda travel guide from Wikitravel
Wikimedia Atlas of Bermuda- Bermuda Government (official government website)
- Bermuda. Wikitravel is a Web -based project "to create a free, complete up-to-date and reliable worldwide travel guide. Foreign and Commonwealth Office.
- US State Department page on Bermuda
- U.S. Consulate General(U. S. State Department website)
- Bermuda Dept. of Tourism (Bermuda Government website)
- Bermuda International Airport official website
- Bermuda Maritime Museum, a maritime museum housed in the historic Dockyard, dedicated to public education and historical, archaeological and heritage research. A maritime museum (sometimes nautical museum) is a Museum specializing in the display of objects relating to Ships and travel on large bodies of water
- Roots Web: Ships of Bermuda (genealogy resource)
- Bermuda National Trust, a body dedicated to the preservation of historic and environmental sites of interest, including several museums. Genealogy (from Greek: el γενεά el-Latn genea, "descent" and el λόγος el-Latn logos, "knowledge" is the study of
- Large map of Bermuda
- Bermuda's role in the War of 1812, chronicles Bermuda's little-known role in the American War of 1812
- Bermuda Online (directory of 120+ Bermuda-related websites)
- The Bermuda Insider (Insider Guide to Bermuda)
- US Department Of State Post Report for Bermuda.
- Bermuda Sun, a twice-weekly newspaper.
- The Royal Gazette, a daily newspaper, published since 1828.
- Bermuda entry at The World Factbook
- Association of Bermuda International Companies.
Dictionary
Bermuda
-proper noun
- An island group in the the North Atlantic Ocean, 580 nautical miles (1074 kilometers) east-southeast of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, held as an Overseas Territory by Britain.
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