Benedict Arnold V
January 14, 1741 – June 14, 1801
Benedict Arnold Copy of engraving by H. Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes. Year 1741 ( MDCCXLI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 1276 - While taking exile in Fuzhou in southern China, away from the advancing Mongol invaders, the remnants of the Year 1801 ( MDCCCI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Tuesday B. Hall after John Trumbull
Place of birth	Norwich, Connecticut
Place of death	London, England
Service/branch	Army
Years of service	Continental Army: 1775–1780 British Army: 1780–1781
Rank	Major General
Commands held	Philadelphia West Point
Battles/wars	American Revolutionary War Capture of Fort Ticonderoga Invasion of Canada Battle of Valcour Island Battle of Bemis Heights Battle of Ridgefield Battle of Saratoga
Awards	Boot Monument

Benedict Arnold V (January 14, 1741 [O.S. January 3, 1740]^[1][2] – June 14, 1801) originally fought for American independence from the British Empire as a general in the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War until he obtained command of the American fort at West Point, New York and, switching sides, plotted unsuccessfully to surrender it to the British. Norwich known as "The Rose of New England" is a city in and formerly county seat (when there were county seats in the state of New London County, Connecticut The Colony of Connecticut was an English colony that became the U London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland The American Continental Army was an Army formed after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War by the colonies that became the United States of America The British Army is the land armed forces branch of the British Armed Forces. Major General or Major-General is a Military rank used in many countries Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə West Point is a federal military reservation (and a Census-designated place) located North of the Village of Highland Falls in Orange County New York In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots" The capture of Fort Ticonderoga was an event early in the American Revolutionary War. Background In the spring of 1775 the American Revolutionary War began with the Battle of Lexington and Concord. The naval Battle of Valcour Island, also known as the Battle of Valcour Bay, took place on 11 October 1776, on Lake Champlain in a narrow Background See also Saratoga campaign The British plan and Howe's blunder The original conception of the campaign had been for Burgoyne with some eight The Battle of Ridgefield was in fact multiple hostile engagements between American and British forces during the American Revolutionary War near the modern-date Background See also Saratoga campaign The British plan and Howe's blunder The original conception of the campaign had been for Burgoyne with some eight The Boot Monument is an American Revolutionary War memorial that commemorates an unnamed American Patriot general Benedict Arnold. Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes. Year 1741 ( MDCCXLI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Old Style (or OS) and New Style (or NS) are used in English language historical studies either to indicate that the start of the Julian year Events 1431 - Joan of Arc is handed over to the Bishop Pierre Cauchon. Year 1740 ( MDCCXL) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap Events 1276 - While taking exile in Fuzhou in southern China, away from the advancing Mongol invaders, the remnants of the Year 1801 ( MDCCCI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Tuesday The British Empire was the largest empire in history and for over a century was the foremost global power. The American Continental Army was an Army formed after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War by the colonies that became the United States of America In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots" West Point is a federal military reservation (and a Census-designated place) located North of the Village of Highland Falls in Orange County New York The Kingdom of Great Britain, also known as the United Kingdom of Great Britain, was a State in northwest Europe, in existence from 1707 to 1800

Arnold was considered by many to be the best general and most accomplished leader in the Continental Army. In fact, without Arnold's earlier contributions to the American cause, the American Revolution might well have been lost; but after he switched sides, his name, like those of several other prominent traitors throughout history, has become a byword for treason in the United States. In this article the inhabitants of the thirteen colonies that supported the American Revolution are primarily referred to as "Americans" with occasional references to "Patriots" ^[3][4]

Arnold distinguished himself early in the war through acts of cunning and bravery. His many successful campaigns included the Capture of Fort Ticonderoga (1775), victory at the Battle of Valcour Island on Lake Champlain in 1776, the battles of Danbury and Ridgefield in Connecticut (after which he was promoted to Major General), and the Battle of Saratoga in 1777. The capture of Fort Ticonderoga was an event early in the American Revolutionary War. The naval Battle of Valcour Island, also known as the Battle of Valcour Bay, took place on 11 October 1776, on Lake Champlain in a narrow Lake Champlain (French lac Champlain) is a natural freshwater Lake in North America, located mainly within the borders of the United States Ridgefield is a town in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. Connecticut ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. Background See also Saratoga campaign The British plan and Howe's blunder The original conception of the campaign had been for Burgoyne with some eight

In spite of his success, Arnold was passed over for promotion by the Continental Congress while other general officers took credit for his many accomplishments. The Continental Congress was a convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that became the governing body of the United States during the ^[5] As his personal debts mounted, Congress investigated his accounts, and charges of corruption were brought by political adversaries. Frustrated, bitter, disaffected by the assaults on his honor and strongly opposed to the new American alliance with France, Arnold changed sides. In July 1780, he sought and obtained command of West Point in order to surrender it to the British. West Point is a federal military reservation (and a Census-designated place) located North of the Village of Highland Falls in Orange County New York Arnold's scheme was detected when American forces captured British Major John André carrying papers that revealed Arnold's plan. For other uses see John André (disambiguation. Major John André ( May 2, 1750 &ndash October 2

Upon learning of André's capture, Benedict Arnold escaped down the Hudson River to the British sloop-of-war Vulture, narrowly avoiding capture by the forces of General Washington who had departed for West Point immediately upon learning of Arnold's plan. The Hudson River, called Muh-he-kun-ne-tuk, the Great Mohegan by the Iroquois, or as the Lenape Native Americans called it in Unami In the 18th and the earlier part of the 19th centuries a sloop-of-war was a small sailing Warship (also known as one of the Escort types with a single gun deck Several vessels of the Royal Navy have been named HMS Vulture, including Vulture, a Sloop of war which served in the American Revolution George Washington (February 22 1732 December 14 1799 served as the first President of the United States of America (1789&ndash1797 and led the Arnold received a commission as a Brigadier General in the British Army, a good annual pension of £360, and a lump sum of about 17 times that amount. Brigadier General is the lowest ranking General Officer in some countries usually sitting between the ranks of Colonel and Major General. The British Army is the land armed forces branch of the British Armed Forces. ^[6]

In the winter of 1782, Arnold left the army and moved to London with his second wife, Margaret "Peggy" Shippen Arnold. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Peggy Shippen, or Margaret Shippen ( July 11 1760 - August 24 1804 or February 14 1836) was the second wife He was well received by the King and the Tories but frowned upon by the Whigs. The Tories were any of a series of Political factions that existed in the Kingdom of Great Britain and later the United Kingdom, having its roots in the The Whigs (with the Tories) are often described as one of two political parties in England and later the United Kingdom from the late 17th to In 1787 he entered into mercantile business with his sons Richard and Henry in Saint John, New Brunswick, Canada, but returned to London to settle permanently in 1791. Saint John is the largest city in the Province of New Brunswick, and the oldest incorporated city in Canada. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page

Early life

Arnold was born the last of six children to Benedict Arnold III (1683–1761) and Hannah Waterman King in Norwich, Connecticut in 1741. Norwich known as "The Rose of New England" is a city in and formerly county seat (when there were county seats in the state of New London County, Connecticut The Colony of Connecticut was an English colony that became the U He was named after his great-grandfather Benedict Arnold, an early governor of the Colony of Rhode Island and Benedict IV, who died in infancy before Benedict Arnold V was born. Benedict Arnold ( 21 December 1615 &ndash 19 June 1678) was Governor of Rhode Island. Providence Plantation was founded in 1636 by Roger Williams, a theologian independent preacher and linguist on land gifted by the Narragansett sachem Canonicus Only Benedict and his sister Hannah survived to adulthood; his other siblings succumbed to yellow fever in childhood. Yellow fever (also called yellow jack, black vomit or sometimes American Plague) is an acute viral disease Through his maternal grandmother, Arnold was a descendant of John Lothropp, an ancestor of at least four U.S. presidents. John Lothropp (also Lothrop or Lathrop, born Etton, Yorkshire, 1584 died 1653 was an English Anglican clergyman who became a The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by

The Arnold family was well off until the future general's father made several bad business deals that plunged the family into debt, and became an alcoholic, forcing his son to withdraw from school at 14 because the family could not afford the expense. Alcoholism is a term with multiple and sometimes conflicting definitions

His father's alcoholism and ill-health prevented him from training his son in the family mercantile business, but his mother's family connections secured an apprenticeship for him with two of her cousins, brothers Daniel and Joshua Lathrop, who operated a successful apothecary and general merchandise trade in Norwich.

French and Indian War

At 15, Arnold enlisted in the Connecticut militia. The term militia is commonly used today to refer to a military force composed of ordinary Citizens to provide defense emergency law enforcement or Paramilitary service The militia marched to Albany and Lake George to oppose the French invasion from Canada at the Battle of Fort William Henry. Albany is the Capital of the State of New York and the County seat of Albany County. Lake George, nicknamed the Queen of American Lakes, is a long narrow Lake at the southeast base of the Adirondack Mountains, northern New York This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The Battle of Fort William Henry was General Montcalm 's siege and capture of the British held Fort William Henry in August 1757 However he never engaged in battle during the war. The British suffered a humiliating defeat at the hands of the French under Montcalm. Louis-Joseph de Montcalm-Gozon Marquis de Saint-Veran ( February 28, 1712 &ndash September 14, 1759) was the commander of the French The British surrendered on the conditions that they could evacuate the fort under safe conduct and could keep their weapons, but the Indian allies of the French, who had been promised scalps, arms, and booty, attacked and massacred several hundred of the men, women, and children. Emergency evacuation is the movement of people from a dangerous place due to the threat or occurrence of a disastrous event Safe conduct is the situation in time of international conflict or war where one state a party to such conflict issues to a person usually an enemy state's subject a pass or document A weapon is a Tool used either in Hunting, or attack or defence in Combat for the purpose of subduing enemy personnel or to destroy enemy weapons The scalp is the anatomical area bordered by the Face anteriorly and the Neck to the sides and posteriorly The French regulars could not or did not stop the Indians. ^[7] This event may have created an abiding hatred for the French in a young and impressionable Arnold that influenced his actions later in life.

Parents' deaths

Arnold's mother, to whom he was very close, died in 1759. The youth took on the responsibility of supporting his ailing father and younger sister. His father's alcoholism worsened after the death of his wife; he was arrested on several occasions for public drunkenness and was refused communion by his church; he died in 1761. The Eucharist, also called Holy Communion or Lord's Supper and other names is a Christian Sacrament by which in a common interpretation those

Pre-revolutionary activities

In 1762, with the help of the Lathrops, Arnold established himself in business as a pharmacist and bookseller in New Haven, Connecticut. Pharmacists are Health professionals who practice the art and science of Pharmacy.

Arnold was ambitious and aggressive, quickly expanding his business. In 1763 he repurchased the family homestead that his father had sold when deeply in debt, and re-sold it a year later for a substantial profit. In 1764 he formed a partnership with Adam Babcock, another young New Haven merchant. Using the profits from the sale of his homestead they bought three trading ships and established a lucrative West Indies trade. The Caribbean (ˌkærəˡbiən kæ'rəbiən Cariben|Caraïben or Caraïben; Caraïbe or more commonly Antilles; Caribe is a Region consisting During this time he brought his sister Hannah to New Haven and established her in his apothecary to manage the business in his absence. He traveled extensively in the course of his business, throughout New England and from Quebec to the West Indies, often in command of one of his own ships. History See also History of New England New England's earliest inhabitants were Algonquian -speaking Native Americans including the Quebec (kwɨˈbɛk

The Stamp Act of 1765 severely curtailed mercantile trade in the colonies. The Stamp Act of 1765 (short title Duties in American Colonies Act 1765; 5 George III c Mercantilism is the idea that a colony should export more goods than it imports and that a colony should sell at higher prices and buy at lower prices Arnold initially took no part in any public demonstrations but, like many merchants, continued to trade as if the Stamp Act did not exist, in effect becoming a smuggler in defiance of the act.

On the night of January 31, 1767 Arnold took part in a demonstration denouncing the acts of the British Parliament and their oppressive colonial policy in which the effigies of local crown officials were burned. Events 1504 - France cedes Naples to Aragon. 1606 - Gunpowder Plot: Guy Fawkes Year 1767 ( MDCCLXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative body in the United Kingdom and British overseas territories He and members of his crew roughed up a man suspected of informing on smugglers. Arnold was arrested and fined 50 shillings for disturbing the peace.

The oppressive taxes levied by Parliament forced many New England merchants out of business. Arnold himself came near to personal ruin, falling £15,000 in debt.

Arnold fought a duel in Honduras with a British sea captain who had called him a "d—d Yankee, destitute of good manners or those of a gentleman". Honduras in Spanish, República de Honduras) is a democratic republic in Central America. ^[8] The captain was wounded, and apologized.

Arnold was in the West Indies when the Boston Massacre occurred on March 5, 1770, but later he wrote "very much shocked" and wondered "good God; are the Americans all asleep and tamely giving up their liberties, or are they all turned philosophers, that they don't take immediate vengeance on such miscreants". This article is about the 1770 incident The Boston Massacre is also used colloquially to describe portions of a Yankees-Red Sox rivalry. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90000 to attack the Sassanid Empire, in a Year 1770 ( MDCCLXX) was a Common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Friday

On February 22, 1767 he married Margaret, daughter of Samuel Mansfield. Events 1495 - King Charles VIII of France enters Naples to claim the city's throne Year 1767 ( MDCCLXVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Samuel Mansfield, CSI was part of the Bombay Civil Service Sind He was the Commissioner in Sind from 1862 to March 1867 They had three sons, Benedict, Richard and Henry. Margaret died during the revolution, on June 19, 1775, while Arnold was away following the Battle of Ticonderoga. Events 1179 - The Norwegian Battle of Kalvskinnet outside Nidaros. Year 1775 ( MDCCLXXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Arnold's sister Hannah took the children in.

Revolutionary War

Colonel Benedict Arnold in 1776

In March 1775, a group of 65 New Haven residents formed the Governor’s Second Company of Connecticut Guards. Arnold was chosen as their captain, and he organized training and exercises in preparation for war.

On April 21, 1775, when news reached New Haven of the opening battles of the revolution at Lexington and Concord, a few Yale College student volunteers were admitted into the guard to boost their numbers, and they began a march to Massachusetts to join the revolution. Events 753 BC - Romulus and Remus found Rome ( traditional date) Year 1775 ( MDCCLXXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The Battles of Lexington and Concord were the first military engagements of the American Revolutionary War. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. During the march Arnold met with Connecticut legislator Colonel Samuel Holden Parsons. Samuel Holden Parsons ( May 14 1737 &ndash November 17 1789) was an American lawyer jurist and military leader They discussed the shortage of cannons in the revolutionary forces and, knowing of the large number of cannons at Fort Ticonderoga on Lake Champlain, agreed that an expedition should be sent to capture the fort. Fort Ticonderoga is a large Eighteenth-century Fort built at a strategically important narrows in Lake Champlain where a short traverse gives access Lake Champlain (French lac Champlain) is a natural freshwater Lake in North America, located mainly within the borders of the United States Parsons continued on to Hartford, where he raised funds to establish a force under the command of Captain Edward Mott. Mott was instructed to link up with Ethan Allen and Allen's Green Mountain Boys at Bennington, Vermont. Ethan Allen (January 10 1738 – February 12 1789 was an early American revolutionary and guerrilla leader who fought against the Province of New York The Green Mountain Boys were historically the militia of the Vermont Republic. Vermont ( is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America. Meanwhile, Arnold and his Connecticut militia continued on to Cambridge, where Arnold convinced the Massachusetts Committee of Safety to fund an expedition to take the fort. Cambridge Massachusetts is a City in the Greater Boston area of Massachusetts, United States. They appointed him a colonel in the Massachusetts militia and dispatched him, and several captains under his command, to raise an army in Massachusetts. As his captains mustered troops Arnold rode north to rendezvous with Allen and take command of the operation.

Battle of Ticonderoga

See also: Capture of Fort Ticonderoga

By early May the army was assembled; on May 10, 1775 Fort Ticonderoga was assaulted in a dawn attack and taken without a battle, the colonial forces having surprised the outnumbered British garrison. The capture of Fort Ticonderoga was an event early in the American Revolutionary War. Events 1291 - Scottish Nobles recognize the authority of Edward I of England. Year 1775 ( MDCCLXXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Expeditions to Crown Point and Fort George were also successful, as was another foray to Fort St. Crown Point is a Town in Essex County, New York, USA. The population was 2119 at the 2000 census Johns (now named Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec), but this fort had to be abandoned when British troops arrived from Montreal. Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu is a city in the province of Quebec, Canada about southeast of Montreal. Montreal, or Montréal in French ( pronounced in French, in English) is the largest city in the Canadian province of Quebec Throughout the campaign Arnold and Allen disputed who was in overall command; Allen, the leader of the Green Mountain Boys, eventually withdrew his troops, leaving Arnold in sole command of the garrisons of the three forts. However, a Connecticut force of 1,000 men under Colonel Benjamin Hinman arrived with orders placing him in command with Arnold as his subordinate. Colonel Benjamin Hinman ( January 22 1719 – March 22 1810) was a US soldier and member of the Connecticut Legislature. This act by the Continental Congress incensed Arnold, who felt his efforts on behalf of the revolution were not being recognized; he resigned his commission and returned to Massachusetts. ^[9]

Quebec expedition

See also: Invasion of Canada (1775) and Battle of Quebec (1775)

Shortly after the formation of the Continental Army in June 1775 Major General Philip Schuyler, commander of the Northern Department, developed a plan to invade Canada overland from Fort St. Background In the spring of 1775 the American Revolutionary War began with the Battle of Lexington and Concord. The Battle of Quebec was an attempt on December 31, 1775, by American colonial rebels to capture the Canadian city of Quebec and enlist French Canadian The American Continental Army was an Army formed after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War by the colonies that became the United States of America Philip John Schuyler ( November 20[[ 733]] - November 18[[ 804]] was a general in the American Revolution and a United States Senator from Johns at the northern end of Lake Champlain, down the Richelieu River to Montreal. Lake Champlain (French lac Champlain) is a natural freshwater Lake in North America, located mainly within the borders of the United States The objective was to deprive the loyalists of an important base from which they could attack upper New York. This article concerns Loyalists in the American Revolution. For information on the role of those Loyalists in Canadian history after their emigration see United Empire General Richard Montgomery was given command of this force. Richard Montgomery ( December 2, 1738  – December 31, 1775) was an Irish -born Soldier who first served in the

Arnold proposed that a second force, in concert with Schuyler’s, attack by traveling up the Kennebec River in Maine and descending the Chaudière River to Quebec City. The Kennebec River is a River, 150 mi (240 km long in the state of Maine in the northeastern United States. The State of Maine ( is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States of America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean The Chaudière River (French for "Cauldron" or "Boiler River" is a 185 km (115 miles long River rising in Lac-Mégantic, in southeast Quebec City ( French: Ville de Québec, or simply Québec) (kwɨˈbɛk or /keˈbɛk/ is the Capital of the Canadian province With the capture of both Montreal and Quebec City he believed the French-speaking colonists of Canada would join the revolution against the British. General George Washington and the Continental Congress approved this amendment and commissioned Arnold a colonel in the Continental Army to lead the Quebec City attack. George Washington (February 22 1732 December 14 1799 served as the first President of the United States of America (1789&ndash1797 and led the

Just before leaving for Maine, Arnold learned of the death of his first wife Margaret. He stopped in New Haven to see to the welfare of his children, and asked his sister Hannah to mother them.

The force of 1,100 recruits embarked from Newburyport, Massachusetts on September 19, 1775, arriving at Gardinerston, Maine, where Arnold had made prior arrangements with Major Reuben Colburn to construct 200 bateaux, on September 22. Newburyport is a small coastal city in Essex County, Massachusetts, United States, 38 miles (61 km northeast of Boston. Events 335 - Dalmatius is raised to the rank of Caesar by his uncle Constantine I. Year 1775 ( MDCCLXXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Gardiner is a city in Kennebec County, Maine, United States. The population was 6198 at the 2000 census Reuben Colburn (1740-1818 was a patriot and shipbuilder of Pittston Maine. A bateau is a shallow- draft, flat-bottomed Boat which was used extensively across North America, especially in the colonial period and in the Fur trade. Events 66 - Emperor Nero creates the Legion I Italica. 1236 - The Lithuanians These were to be used to transport the troops up the Kennebec and Dead rivers, then down the Chaudiere to Quebec City. The Dead River, also sometimes called the West Branch is a River in central Maine in the United States. The Chaudière River (French for "Cauldron" or "Boiler River" is a 185 km (115 miles long River rising in Lac-Mégantic, in southeast A lengthy portage was required over the Appalachian range between the upper Dead and Chaudiere rivers. Portage refers to the practice of carrying a Canoe or other Boat over land to avoid an obstacle on the water route (such as Rapids or a Waterfall The Appalachian Mountains ( often called the Appalachians, are a vast system of mountains in eastern North America.

The British were aware of Arnold’s approach and destroyed most of the serviceable watercraft (boats, ships, gunboats, etc. etc. ) on the southern shore. Although two warships, the frigate Lizard (26 guns) and the sloop-of-war Hunter (16 guns), kept up a constant patrol to prevent a river crossing, Arnold was able to procure sufficient watercraft, and crossed to the Quebec City side on November 11. For the bird see Frigatebird. A frigate /ˈfrɪgɪt/ is a warship In the 18th and the earlier part of the 19th centuries a sloop-of-war was a small sailing Warship (also known as one of the Escort types with a single gun deck Events 308 - The Congress of Carnuntum: Attempting to keep peace within the Roman Empire, the leaders of the Tetrarchy declare He then realized his force was not strong enough to capture the city and sent dispatches to Brigadier General Richard Montgomery requesting reinforcements.

On September 16, 1775 Montgomery had marched north from Fort Ticonderoga with about 1,700 militiamen. Events 1400 - Owain Glyndŵr is declared Prince of Wales by his followers Year 1775 ( MDCCLXXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a He captured Montreal on November 13. Events 1002 - English king Ethelred orders the killing of all Danes in England, known today as the St Montgomery joined Arnold in early December, and with their combined force of about 950 soldiers, they attacked Quebec on December 31, 1775. Events 406 – Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia. Year 1775 ( MDCCLXXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a The colonial forces suffered a disastrous defeat at the hands of General Guy Carleton, governor of Canada and commander of the British forces. Guy Carleton 1st Baron Dorchester, KB ( Strabane, Co Tyrone Ireland September 3, 1722 &ndash November 10, 1808 Stubbings Montgomery was killed leading an assault along with all but one of his officers (Col. Donald Campbell) who ordered a retreat; Montgomery's force never got close to the walls. Arnold's force on the other side of the city were left by themselves without the help of Montgomery. While attacking Arnold was wounded in the leg, but stayed on the battlefield encouraging his troops on. Daniel Morgan's rifle company, the most successful of the American troops, fought inside the city until Morgan was cornered and forced to surrender. Many others were killed or wounded, and hundreds were taken prisoner.

The remnants, reduced to some 350 volunteers and now under the command of Colonel Arnold, continued an ineffectual siege of the city until the spring of 1776, when reinforcements under Brigadier General David Wooster arrived. David Wooster ( March 2 1710 – May 2 1777) was an American general in the American Revolutionary War. Upon being relieved of command, Arnold retreated to Montreal with what remained of his forces. ^[10][11]

Promotion

Arnold was promoted to Brigadier General after the Quebec invasion, and was given the job of blocking British invasion of the Hudson River valley from Canada via Lake Champlain. Brigadier General is the lowest ranking General Officer in some countries usually sitting between the ranks of Colonel and Major General. The Hudson River, called Muh-he-kun-ne-tuk, the Great Mohegan by the Iroquois, or as the Lenape Native Americans called it in Unami Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Lake Champlain (French lac Champlain) is a natural freshwater Lake in North America, located mainly within the borders of the United States During the summer of 1776 Arnold constructed at Skenesborough (now Whitehall), New York, a flotilla of small warships and gunboats which controlled the lake from Fort Ticonderoga, New York. The British responded by building a much larger lake flotilla at Saint John's, Québec. The British destroyed Arnold's flotilla at the Battle of Valcour Island, New York, in October but by that time the winter had begun. The naval Battle of Valcour Island, also known as the Battle of Valcour Bay, took place on 11 October 1776, on Lake Champlain in a narrow So the British invasion was called off and Arnold's defensive strategy had succeeded.

In the same year Arnold met and seriously courted the daughter of a well known Boston loyalist, Betsy Deblois, described as the belle of Boston, but she did not accept his repeated proposals. ^[12]

Eastern Department

Late in 1776, Arnold was made Deputy Commander of the Eastern Department of the Continental Army under Major General Joseph Spencer. The Continental Army of the American Revolutionary War was organized into six regional departments for command and administrative purposes Joseph Spencer ( October 3, 1714 &ndash January 13, 1789) was an American lawyer soldier and statesman from Connecticut. On December 8, 1776, a sizeable British force under Lt. Gen. Henry Clinton captured Newport, Rhode Island. Events 1609 - Biblioteca Ambrosiana opens its reading room the second public library of Europe. Year 1776 ( MDCCLXXVI) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Newport is a city on Aquidneck Island in Newport County, Rhode Island, United States, about 30 miles (48 km south of Providence Arnold, who had not seen his family for over a year, spent a week with them in New Haven, and arrived at Providence, on January 12, 1777, to command the defense of Rhode Island. Events 475 - Basiliscus becomes Byzantine Emperor, with a coronation ceremony in the Hebdomon palace in Constantinople Year 1777 ( MDCCLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Rhode Island ( officially named the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, is a state in the New England region of the United States The Continental forces in Rhode Island had been depleted to about 2,000 troops by detachments sent to Washington for his attack at Trenton, New Jersey. Background In the time before the battle American morale was low Since Arnold was facing 15,000 redcoats, he stayed on the defensive. Red Coat or Redcoat is a term often used to refer to a Soldier of the historical British Army, because of the colour of the Military uniforms

On April 26, 1777, Arnold was on his way to Philadelphia to meet with the Continental Congress, and stopped in New Haven to visit his family once again. Events 1467 - The miraculous image in Our Lady of Good Counsel appear in Genazzano, Italy. Year 1777 ( MDCCLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Philadelphia (ˌfɪləˈdɛlfiə A courier notified him that a British force 2,000 strong under Major General William Tryon, the British Military Governor of New York, had landed at Norwalk, Connecticut. William Tryon ( June 8, 1729 – January 27, 1788) was colonial Governor of the Province of North Carolina (1765-1771 and Norwalk is a city in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. Tryon marched his force to Fairfield on Long Island Sound and inland to Danbury, a major supply depot for the Continental Army, destroying both towns by fire. Fairfield is a town located in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. He also torched the seaport of Norwalk as his forces retreated by sea. Norwalk is a city in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States.

Arnold hurriedly recruited about 100 volunteers locally. He was joined by Major General Gold S. Silliman and Major General David Wooster of the Connecticut militia, who together had mustered a force of 500 volunteers from eastern Connecticut. Gold Selleck Silliman (1732–1790 was born in Fairfield Connecticut, graduated from Yale University and practiced law and served as a crown attorney before the David Wooster ( March 2 1710 – May 2 1777) was an American general in the American Revolutionary War.

Arnold and his fellow officers moved their small force near Danbury so they could intercept and harass the British retreat. By 11 a. m. on April 27, Wooster’s column had caught up with and engaged Tryon’s rear guard. Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated Arnold moved his force to a farm outside Ridgefield, Connecticut, in an attempt to block the British retreat. Ridgefield is a town in Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States. During the Battle of Ridgefield that followed, Wooster was killed. The Battle of Ridgefield was in fact multiple hostile engagements between American and British forces during the American Revolutionary War near the modern-date Arnold injured his leg when his horse was shot and fell on him.

Philadelphia

After the Danbury raid, Arnold continued his journey to Philadelphia to meet with congressional members, arriving on May 16. Events 1204 - Baldwin IX Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire. General Schuyler also was in Philadelphia at that time but soon left for his headquarters at Albany, New York. Albany is the Capital of the State of New York and the County seat of Albany County. This left Arnold as the ranking officer in the Philadelphia region, so he assumed command of the forces there. But the Continental Congress, once again, due to political ties, preferred Pennsylvania's newly promoted Major General Thomas Mifflin. Thomas Mifflin (January 10 1744 &ndash January 20 1800 was an American Merchant and Politician from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Arnold had earlier been passed over for promotion in favour of less experienced generals junior to him and of lower grade. He resigned his commission on July 11, 1777, but shortly afterwards General Washington asked Congress to post him to the Northern Department because Fort Ticonderoga had fallen to the British. Events 911 - Signing of the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte between Charles the Simple and Rollo of Normandy. Year 1777 ( MDCCLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Continental Army of the American Revolutionary War was organized into six regional departments for command and administrative purposes Background The British and Colonists advance of the previous summer was halted at the Battle of Valcour.

Saratoga

See also: Saratoga Campaign

The summer of 1777 marked a turning point in the war. British strategy As the year's campaigns were winding down in the autumn of 1776 the British began to plan operations for the next year The Saratoga campaign was a series of battles fought in upper New York near Albany that culminated in the American victory at the Battle of Saratoga and the surrender of the British army led by Lieutenant General John Burgoyne on October 17, 1777. Background See also Saratoga campaign The British plan and Howe's blunder The original conception of the campaign had been for Burgoyne with some eight General John Burgoyne ( February 24, 1722 &ndash August 4, 1792) was a British army officer Politician Events 539 BC - King Cyrus The Great of Persia marches into the city of Babylon, releasing the Jews from almost Year 1777 ( MDCCLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Arnold played a decisive role in several of these battles. For example, in August, 1777 he led a force which relieved the siege of Fort Stanwix. Fort Stanwix was a colonial fort whose construction was started on August 26[[ 758]] by British General John Stanwix, at the location of present-day

The Battle of Bemis Heights was the final battle of the Saratoga Campaign. Background See also Saratoga campaign The British plan and Howe's blunder The original conception of the campaign had been for Burgoyne with some eight British strategy As the year's campaigns were winding down in the autumn of 1776 the British began to plan operations for the next year Outnumbered, out of supplies, and cut off from retreat largely by Arnold's doing, Burgoyne was forced to surrender on October 17, 1777. Events 539 BC - King Cyrus The Great of Persia marches into the city of Babylon, releasing the Jews from almost Year 1777 ( MDCCLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

During the fighting, Arnold was wounded in the same leg as at Quebec and below the buttock. The television History Channel commented that if his wound had been mortal he would be remembered as a hero, not a traitor. Television ( TV) is a widely used Telecommunication medium for sending ( Broadcasting) and receiving moving Images, either monochromatic History, formerly known as The History Channel, is a Satellite and Cable TV channel, with shows on historical events and persons&mdashoften

Historians agree that Arnold was instrumental to the successful outcome of the Saratoga campaign, showing courage, initiative, and military brilliance. He is said to have single-handedly cut off Burgoyne's attempt to escape in the decisive Battle of Bemis Heights. But Arnold received no credit because of bad feelings between him and General Horatio Gates. Horatio Lloyd Gates ( circa 1727&ndash 10 April 1806) was a British soldier turned American General during the Revolutionary Even though Arnold was vital in winning the final battle of Saratoga, Gates vilified him for exceeding his authority and disobeying orders. Arnold made no secret of his contempt for Gates' military tactics, which he considered too cautious and conventional. Many of the Continental Army's senior officers agreed on Arnold's assessment of General Gates.

A monument in Saratoga National Historical Park was erected in recognition of Arnold's victory, heroism and for the injury he sustained during the campaign. The Boot Monument is an American Revolutionary War memorial that commemorates an unnamed American Patriot general Benedict Arnold. Saratoga National Historical Park is a United States National Historical Park located in eastern New York State forty miles north of Albany However, due to his later treachery, it does not bear his name, only a cryptic dedication to "the most brilliant soldier of the Continental army. . . winning for his countrymen the decisive battle of the American Revolution and for himself the rank of Major General. " It is the only war memorial in the United States that does not bear the name of the man commemorated[1].

Military command of Philadelphia

In mid-October 1777 Arnold lay in an Albany hospital convalescing from the wound he had received at Saratoga. His left leg was ruined, but Arnold would not allow it to be amputated. Several agonizing months of recovery left it 2 inches (5 cm) shorter than the right. He spent the winter of 1777-78 with the army at Valley Forge, recovering from the injury. Valley Forge, Pennsylvania was the site of the camp of the American Continental Army over the winter of 1777&ndash1778 in the American Revolutionary War.

After the British withdrew from Philadelphia in June 1778, Washington appointed Arnold military commander of that city. In June he learned of the Franco-American alliance, which he strongly opposed because of his earlier experiences in the French and Indian War. Ironically, it was the victory at Saratoga, in which Arnold played a decisive part, that convinced France's King Louis XVI to agree to the alliance and aid the Americans in their war. Louis XVI ( 23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793) Louis-Auguste de France, ruled as King of France and Navarre

By then, Arnold was embittered and resentful toward Congress for passing him over for promotion and not approving or refunding his wartime expenses; Arnold himself had paid nearly all of the expenses of his force's campaigns in Canada. Arnold threw himself into the social life of Philadelphia, hosting grand parties and falling deeply into debt. His extravagance drew him into shady financial schemes and into further disrepute with Congress, which investigated his accounts. He also faced corruption charges filed by the Pennsylvania civil authorities at the instigation of a man politically connected to the Continental Congress, whom Arnold had stripped of command at Ticonderoga.

On June 1, 1779 he faced a court martial for malfeasance (and was convicted of two misdemeanors). Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected Year 1779 ( MDCCLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The expressions misfeasance and nonfeasance, and occasionally malfeasance, are used in English law with reference to the discharge of public obligations A misdemeanor, or misdemeanour, in many common law legal systems is a "lesser" criminal act ^[13] "Having become a cripple in the service of my country, I little expected to meet [such] ungrateful returns," he complained to General George Washington.

On March 26, 1779 he met Peggy Shippen, the 18-year-old daughter of Judge Edward Shippen, who had been courted by British Major John André during the British occupation of Philadelphia. Events 1026 - Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor. Year 1779 ( MDCCLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Peggy Shippen, or Margaret Shippen ( July 11 1760 - August 24 1804 or February 14 1836) was the second wife Edward Shippen ( February 16 1729 – April 16 1806) was a lawyer judge government official and prominent figure in colonial and post-revolutionary For other uses see John André (disambiguation. Major John André ( May 2, 1750 &ndash October 2 ^[14] They married on April 8, 1779. Events 217 - Roman Emperor Caracalla is Assassinated (and succeeded by his Praetorian Year 1779 ( MDCCLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common

Betrayal at West Point

In July 1780, Arnold sought and obtained command of the fort at West Point. West Point is a federal military reservation (and a Census-designated place) located North of the Village of Highland Falls in Orange County New York He already had begun a year-long correspondence with General Sir Henry Clinton in New York City through Major André and was closely involved with Beverley Robinson, a prominent loyalist in command of a loyalist regiment. The City of New York For other uses see John André (disambiguation. Major John André ( May 2, 1750 &ndash October 2 Beverley Robinson (1723-1792 a wealthy colonist from New York was a son of the Hon Arnold offered to hand the fort over to the British for £20,300 and a brigadier's commission. See also Pound (currency.The pound sign (" £ " or " ₤ " is the symbol for the Pound sterling —the currency of the ^[15] He chose West Point for its strategic importance. The Americans had been using its position to prevent British ships from moving northward from New York City up the Hudson and connecting with British forces in Canada - a move that would have split the north from the south. ^{[16][17][18][19][20]} His plans were thwarted when André was captured September 23, 1780 with a pass signed by Arnold. Events 1122 - Concordat of Worms. 1459 - Battle of Blore Heath, the first major battle of the English Year 1780 ( MDCCLXXX) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a André was carrying documents that disclosed the plot and which incriminated Arnold; André was later hanged as a spy.

Arnold learned of André's capture and fled to Vulture, a British ship waiting for him on the Hudson River, with the help of John Borns. Arnold wrote a letter to Washington,^[21] requesting that Peggy be given safe passage to her family in Philadelphia, a request Washington ensured. ^[22]

The British made him a brigadier general in the British forces, with an annual income of several hundred pounds, but only paid him £6,315 plus an annual pension of £360 because his plot had failed. ^[9] At the time the full pay of a colonel in active service was 24 shillings per day (£438/annum), of which 18 shillings were deducted for subsistence (£328/annum)[2]. Had the plot succeeded, British forces would have been in position to divide the northern and southern American forces, and potentially end up defeating the revolution.

Reportedly when presented with evidence of Arnold's betrayal Washington was calm. ^[23][24]

Life after switching sides

Arnold saw further action, fighting on the British side. In December, under orders from Clinton, Arnold led a force of 1,600 troops into Virginia and captured Richmond, cutting off the major artery of material to the southern colonial effort. The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state This article is about the city of Richmond the capital of the Commonwealth of Virginia. It is said that Arnold asked an officer he had taken captive about what the Americans would do if they captured him, and the captain is said to have replied "Cut off your right leg, bury it with full military honors, and then hang the rest of you on a gibbet. A gibbet is any of several different devices used in the public execution of criminals and the deterrence of future crime " In the Southern Theater, Lord Cornwallis marched north to Yorktown, which he reached in May 1781. Charles Cornwallis 1st Marquess Cornwallis ( 31 December 1738 &ndash 5 October 1805) was a British military commander and colonial Yorktown is a Census-designated place (CDP in York County, Virginia, United States. Arnold, meanwhile, had been sent north to attack the town of New London, Connecticut, in the hope that it would divert Washington from Cornwallis. New London is a seaport city and a Port of entry on the northeast coast of the United States On 8 September 1781 Benedict Arnold's force raided and burned the port of New London and captured Fort Griswold. Events 70 - Roman forces under Titus sack Jerusalem. 1264 - The Statute of Kalisz Year 1781 ( MDCCLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Fort Griswold is an American Military base, now decommissioned in Groton Connecticut.

In December Arnold was recalled to England with various other officers as the Crown de-emphasized the American theater for others which were deemed more important. In London he aligned himself with the Tory Party, advising King George III to renew the fight against the Americans. The Tories were any of a series of Political factions that existed in the Kingdom of Great Britain and later the United Kingdom, having its roots in the George III (George William Frederick 4 June 1738 George III's long reign was marked by a series of military conflicts involving his kingdom much of the rest of Europe and places In the House of Commons Edmund Burke expressed the hope that the government would not put Arnold "at the head of a part of a British army" lest "the sentiments of true honor, which every British officer [holds] dearer than life, should be afflicted. The House of Commons' is the Lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which also comprises the Sovereign and the House of Lords Edmund Burke ( 12 January, 1729 9 July, 1797) was an Irish statesman author orator Political theorist, and "^[22] When the Whigs in parliament eventually compelled the king to make peace with the Americans, the government of Lord North fell, and Arnold lost favour in London. The Whigs (with the Tories) are often described as one of two political parties in England and later the United Kingdom from the late 17th to Frederick North 2nd Earl of Guilford, KG, PC (13 April 1732 &ndash 5 August 1792 more often known by his courtesy title Lord North, which he used from ^[22]

Benedict Arnold pursued interests in the shipping trade in Canada from 1787 until 1791, when an angry mob overran the front lawn of his home, burning an effigy labeled "traitor", and troops were required to disperse them. ^[22] Returning to England, he was unable to obtain a desired military command, and in July 1792 he fought a bloodless duel with the Earl of Lauderdale after the Earl had impugned his honour in the House of Lords. As practiced from the 11th to 20th centuries in Western societies a duel is an engagement in combat between two individuals with matched weapons in accordance with their combat James Maitland 8th Earl of Lauderdale KT PC ( January 26 1759 - September 10 1839) was a Representative peer The House of Lords is the second house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom and is also commonly referred to as "the Lords" ^[9]

Death

Gout attacked his unwounded leg; the other ached constantly, and he walked only with a cane. Gout (also called metabolic arthritis) is a disease created by a buildup of Uric acid. His doctors diagnosed him as having dropsy. Oedema (or Edema in American English formerly known as dropsy or hydropsy, is the increase of Interstitial fluid in any organ &mdash swelling He died, after four days of delirium, on 14 June 1801 at age 60. Delirium is an acute and relatively sudden (developing over hours to days decline in attention-focus perception and Cognition. Events 1276 - While taking exile in Fuzhou in southern China, away from the advancing Mongol invaders, the remnants of the Year 1801 ( MDCCCI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting on Tuesday ^[22]

On his death bed in Gloucester Place,^[25] legend has it that Arnold said "Let me die in this old uniform (Colonial) in which I fought my battles. May God forgive me for ever having put on another";^[26] but this may be fictitious, as James Martin notes. ^[5] Arnold was buried at St. Mary's Church, Battersea in London, England. St Mary's Church Battersea is the local Church of England parish church in Battersea, formerly in Surrey and now part of south London,

Some American sources maintain that he died poor, in bad health, and essentially unknown, though one obituary in the Gentleman's Magazine records that his funeral procession boasted "seven mourning coaches and four state carriages". ^[22] He left a small estate, reduced in size by his debts, which Peggy undertook to clear. ^[9][22]

The house on Gloucester Place where Arnold lived in central London still stands, bearing a plaque which describes Arnold as an "American Patriot".

Legacy

Boot Monument commemorates Arnold's wounded foot at the Battle of Saratoga. The Boot Monument is an American Revolutionary War memorial that commemorates an unnamed American Patriot general Benedict Arnold. Background See also Saratoga campaign The British plan and Howe's blunder The original conception of the campaign had been for Burgoyne with some eight However he is not mentioned by name.

Arnold attempted to justify his actions in an open letter titled To the Inhabitants of America. Benedict Arnold was an American General who defected to the Kingdom of Great Britain in the American Revolutionary War. In a letter to his former friend Washington, he stated, "Love to my country actuates my present conduct, however it may appear inconsistent to the world, who very seldom judge right of any man's actions. "^[21]

Benedict Arnold is a paradoxical figure in American history. While there can be no doubt as to his eventual loyalty to the Crown, neither can there be any doubt as to his role as a hero in the Battle of Saratoga. It was Saratoga which persuaded the French, who had been skeptical of the colonists' chances, to intervene in the war on the American side. This alliance tipped the balance and ultimately helped ensure the American victory.

On the battlefield at Saratoga, a lone monument stands in memorial to this man, but there is no mention of his name on the engraving. The inscription reads: "In memory of the most brilliant soldier of the Continental army, who was desperately wounded on this spot, winning for his countrymen the decisive battle of the American Revolution, and for himself the rank of Major General. "

Another memorial to Arnold resides at the United States Military Academy. It bears only a rank, "major general," and a date, "born 1740. " The name has been left out. That the plaque exists at all is tribute to the undeniable contribution he made to American independence before changing sides.

"Benedict Arnold" = "traitor"

"Benedict Arnold" has become an American expression used to describe a traitor, an American equivalent to calling someone a Quisling, a term known to few in America. Quisling, after Norwegian politician Vidkun Quisling, who assisted Nazi Germany to conquer his own country is a term used to describe traitors and From a British perspective he is considered a patriot, though the British never fully trusted him.

Family

During his marriage to Margaret Mansfield, Arnold had the following children:

Benedict Arnold VI (1768–1795)

Richard Arnold (1769–1847)

Henry Arnold (1772–1826)

and with Peggy Shippen, he raised:

Edward Shippen Arnold (1782–1813)

James Robertson (Lieutenant General) Arnold (1783–1852)

George (Lieutenant Colonel) Arnold (1784–1828)

William Fitch Arnold (born 1786, date of death unknown)

Literature

Benedict Arnold appears in several of Pulitzer Prize winning novelist Kenneth Roberts' best selling books. Peggy Shippen, or Margaret Shippen ( July 11 1760 - August 24 1804 or February 14 1836) was the second wife The Pulitzer Prize, ˈpʊlɨtsɚ PULL-it-sər is an American award regarded as the highest national honor in Newspaper journalism, Kenneth Lewis Roberts ( December 8, 1885 – July 21, 1957) was an American author of historical novels Arnold features prominently in Arundel, which takes place during the campaign to capture Quebec early in the American Revolution, and again in its sequel, Rabble in Arms. Quebec (kwɨˈbɛk He also appears briefly in Oliver Wiswell, which tells the story of the American Revolution from the viewpoint of a young Loyalist.

Science fiction writer H. Beam Piper paid tribute to Arnold's crucial role in his story He Walked Around the Horses, an alternative history in which Arnold was killed during the attack on Quebec in 1776, and as a result of his absence the British won at Saratoga and subsequently the entire war, retaining their control of the 13 colonies. Henry Beam Piper ( March 23, 1904 – c November 6, 1964) was an American Science fiction author

Author Gary Blackwood included Arnold in The Year of the Hangman, also an alternative history in which Washington was killed and the Patriots lost the Revolution. Gary Blackwood, born on October 23rd 1963 in Meadville Pennsylvania is a talented American author who wrote the popular Young Reader's series Shakespeare's Spy and Shakespeare Stealer The Year of the Hangman is an Alternate history novel for young adults by Gary Blackwood, published in 2002.

In his story/essay "I Remember Babylon" (1962), Arthur C. Clarke remarks: "I have always had a sneaking sympathy for Benedict Arnold, as must anyone who knows the full facts of the case". "I Remember Babylon" is a Science fiction Short story by Arthur C Year 1962 ( MCMLXII) was a Common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Sir Arthur Charles Clarke, CBE (16 December 1917–19 March 2008 was a British Science fiction Author, Inventor, and

Arnold appears in the 1979 John Barth novel, LETTERS. John Simmons Barth (born May 27 1930 is an American novelist and short-story writer known for the postmodernist and metafictive quality of his work

See also

• Arnold Cipher - A message sent by Arnold to John André
• Boot Monument
• Newport Tower (Rhode Island)
• Benedict Arnold's letter To the Inhabitants of America

References

Further reading

External links

• Some details from ushistory.org
• Biographical sketch by a contemporary, reflecting American sentiment towards Arnold
• Benedict Arnold's Portraits
• usahistory site includes details on Arnold's escape
• Resort located on Arnold's trail to Quebec City
• The original proclamation accusing Benedict Arnold of High Treason from the Pennsylvania Archives
• Virtual Tour of burial site - Stained glass
• 1894 NY Times article
• Benedict Arnold from Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online
• Benedict Arnold Letters