Basketball is a team sport in which two teams of five active players each try to score points against one another by propelling a ball through a 10 feet (3 m) high hoop (the goal) under organized rules. Michael Jeffrey Jordan (born February 17 1963 is a retired American professional Basketball player and active businessman A slam dunk (or simply a dunk) is a type of Basketball shot that is performed when a player jumps in the air and manually powers the ball downward through the basket A sport governing body is a sports organization that has a regulatory or sanctioning function The International Basketball Federation ( French: Fédération Internationale de Basketball) more commonly known by the French acronym FIBA Springfield is a City in and the County seat of Hampden County, Massachusetts, United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the BALL ( Biochemical Algorithms Library) is a C++ library containing common algorithms used in Biochemistry and Bioinformatics. A basketball is an inflated spherical Ball used in the game of Basketball. The Olympic Games is an international Multi-sport event established for both summer and winter games Sport is an Activity that is governed by a set of rules or Customs and often engaged in competitively A basketball is an inflated spherical Ball used in the game of Basketball. Basketball is one of the most popular and widely viewed sports in the world.

Points are scored by shooting the ball through the basket above; the team with more points at the end of the game wins. The ball can be advanced on the court by bouncing it (dribbling) or passing it between teammates. In Sports such as Football (soccer, Basketball, Bandy and Water polo, dribbling refers to the maneuvering of a ball around a defender Disruptive physical contact (fouls) is not permitted and there are restrictions on how the ball can be handled (violations). Basketball is a team Sport in which two teams of five active players each try to score points against one another by propelling a ball through a 10 feet (3 m

Through time, basketball has developed to involve common techniques of shooting, passing and dribbling, as well as players' positions, and offensive and defensive structures. Typically, the tallest members of a team will play center, the shortest member usually plays "point guard" while often the best ball handlers are guards. Point guard ( PG) also called the one or " the ball-handler " is one of the standard positions in a regulation Basketball game While competitive basketball is carefully regulated, numerous variations of basketball have developed for casual play. Variations of basketball are games or activities based on or similar to the game of Basketball, in which the player utilizes common basketball skills In some countries, basketball is also a popular spectator sport.

While competitive basketball is primarily an indoor sport, played on a basketball court, less regulated variations have become exceedingly popular as an outdoor sport among both inner city and rural groups. In Basketball, the basketball court is the playing surface consisting of a rectangular floor with baskets at either end

History

The first basketball court: Springfield College.

In early December 1891, Dr. James Naismith,^[1] a Canadian physical education student and instructor at YMCA Training School^[2] (today, Springfield College) in Springfield, Massachusetts, USA, sought a vigorous indoor game to keep his students occupied and at proper levels of fitness during the long New England winters to keep the students in shape. James A Naismith (November 6 Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The Young Men's Christian Association (" YMCA " or " the Y " was founded on June 6, 1844 in London England by a young man Springfield College is a College located in Springfield, Massachusetts. Springfield is a City in and the County seat of Hampden County, Massachusetts, United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the History See also History of New England New England's earliest inhabitants were Algonquian -speaking Native Americans including the After rejecting other ideas as either too rough or poorly suited to walled-in gymnasiums, he wrote the basic rules and nailed a peach basket onto a 10-foot (3. The word γυμνάσιον (gymnasion was used in Ancient Greece, meaning a locality for both physical and intellectual Education of young men (see Gymnasium The rules of basketball are the rules and regulations that govern the play officiating equipment and procedures of Basketball. 05 m) elevated track. In contrast with modern basketball nets, this peach basket retained its bottom, and balls had to be retrieved manually after each "basket" or point scored; this proved inefficient, however, so a hole was drilled into the bottom of the basket, allowing the balls to be poked out with a long dowel each time. A dowel is a solid cylindrical rod, usually made of Wood, Plastic or Metal. The peach baskets were used until 1906 when they were finally replaced by metal hoops with backboards. A further change was soon made, so the ball merely passed through, paving the way for the game we know today. A soccer ball was used to shoot goals. Whenever a person got the ball in the basket, his team would gain a point. Whichever team got the most points won the game. ^[3]

Naismith's handwritten diaries, discovered by his granddaughter in early 2006, indicate that he was nervous about the new game he had invented, which incorporated rules from a children's game called "Duck on a Rock", as many had failed before it. Duck on a Rock is a Medieval children’s game Game play Duck on a Rock was a Game that combined tag and marksmanship Naismith called the new game 'Basket Ball'. ^[4]

The first official game was played in the YMCA gymnasium on January 20, 1892 with nine players and the game ended at 1-0 and the shot was made from 25 feet, on a court just half the size of a present-day Streetball or National Basketball Association (NBA) court. Events 250 - Emperor Decius begins a widespread persecution of Christians in Rome. Year 1892 ( MDCCCXCII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Streetball is an urban form of Basketball, played on Playgrounds and in Gymnasiums across the world "Basket ball", the name suggested by one of Naismith's students, was popular from the beginning. By 1897-1898 teams of five became standard.

Women's basketball began in 1892 at Smith College when Senda Berenson, a physical education teacher, modified Naismith's rules for women. Smith College is a private, independent women's liberal arts college located in Northampton Massachusetts. Senda Berenson Abbott ( March 19 1868, Vilnius, Lithuania, Russian Empire &ndash February 16 1954) was a pioneer Shortly after she was hired at Smith, she went to Naismith to learn more about the game. Fascinated by the new sport and the values it could teach, she organized the first women’s collegiate basketball game on March 21, 1893, when her Smith freshmen and sophomores played against one another. Her rules were first published in 1899 and two years later Berenson became the editor of A. G. Spalding’s first Women's Basketball Guide, which further spread her version of basketball for women.

Basketball's early adherents were dispatched to YMCAs throughout the United States, and it quickly spread through the USA and Canada. By 1895, it was well established at several women's high schools. While the YMCA was responsible for initially developing and spreading the game, within a decade it discouraged the new sport, as rough play and rowdy crowds began to detract from the YMCA's primary mission. However, other amateur sports clubs, colleges, and professional clubs quickly filled the void. In the years before World War I, the Amateur Athletic Union and the Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United States (forerunner of the NCAA) vied for control over the rules for the game. Official NameAmateur Athletic Union of the United States Incorporated (AAU The National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA, often pronounced "N-C-Double-A" is a voluntary association of about 1200 institutions conferences organizations The National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA, often pronounced "N-C-Double-A" is a voluntary association of about 1200 institutions conferences organizations The first pro league, the National Basketball League, was formed in 1898 to protect players from exploitation and to promote a less rough game. This league only lasted 5 years.

By the 1950s, basketball had become a major college sport, thus having the way for a growth of interest in professional basketball. In 1959, a basketball Hall of Fame was founded in Springfield, Massachusetts. Its rosters include the names of great players, coaches, referees and people who have contributed significantly to the development of the game.

Basketball was originally played with an association football. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered The first balls made specifically for basketball were brown, and it was only in the late 1950s that Tony Hinkle, searching for a ball that would be more visible to players and spectators alike, introduced the orange ball that is now in common use. Paul D "Tony" Hinkle ( December 19 1899 - September 22 1992) was an American College basketball coach at Dribbling was not part of the original game except for the "bounce pass" to teammates. Passing the ball was the primary means of ball movement. Dribbling was eventually introduced but limited by the asymmetric shape of early balls. Dribbling only became a major part of the game around the 1950s as manufacturing improved the ball shape.

Basketball, netball, dodgeball, volleyball, and lacrosse are the only ball games which have been identified as being invented by North Americans. Netball is a non-contact team Sport similar to and derived from Basketball. Dodgeball is a traditional team sport played in Physical education classes in the U Volleyball is an Olympic team sport in which two teams of 6 active players (5 normal players and one 'libero' are separated by a net that is usually four feet Lacrosse is a full contact Team sport played using a solid rubber ball and long handled racket called a crosse or Lacrosse stick. Other ball games, such as baseball and Canadian football, have Commonwealth of Nations, European, Asian or African connections. Baseball is a Bat-and-ball Sport played between two teams of nine players each In accordance with the Manual of Style (see) Canadian English is used throughout this article (see Canadian_English#Spelling) Although there is no direct evidence as yet that the idea of basketball came from the ancient Mesoamerican ballgame, knowledge of that game had been available for at least 50 years prior to Naismith's creation in the writings of John Lloyd Stephens and Alexander von Humboldt. The Mesoamerican ballgame was a Sport with ritual associations played for over 3000 years by the Pre-Columbian peoples of Mesoamerica. John Lloyd Stephens ( November 28, 1805 &ndash October 13, 1852) was an American explorer writer and diplomat (September 14 1769 &ndash May 6 1859 was a German naturalist and explorer, and the younger brother of the Prussian minister philosopher and linguist Stephen's works especially, which included drawings by Frederick Catherwood, were available at most educational institutions in the 19th century and also had wide popular circulation. Frederick Catherwood ( February 27, 1799 – September 27, 1854) was an English Artist and Architect

College basketball and early leagues

Naismith was instrumental in establishing college basketball. College basketball most often refers to the American Basketball competitive governance structure established by the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA He coached at the University of Kansas for six years before handing the reins to renowned coach Forrest "Phog" Allen. The University of Kansas (often referred to as KU or just Kansas) is a public research university with campuses located in Lawrence, Kansas City Forrest Clare "Phog" Allen, DO ( November 18, 1885 – September 16, 1974) was an American collegiate basketball Naismith's disciple Amos Alonzo Stagg brought basketball to the University of Chicago, while Adolph Rupp, a student of Naismith's at Kansas, enjoyed great success as coach at the University of Kentucky. Amos Alonzo Stagg ( August 16 1862 &ndash March 17 1965) was an American collegiate coach in multiple sports primarily The University of Chicago is a Private university located principally in the Hyde Park neighborhood of Chicago. Adolph Frederick Rupp ( September 2, 1901 &ndash December 10, 1977) was one of the most successful coaches The University of Kentucky, also known as UK, is a public, Co-educational, University, and is also the state's land-grant university located In 1892, University of California and Miss Head's School, played the first women's inter-institutional game. The University of California ( UC) is a Public university system in the state of California. Berenson's freshmen played the sophomore class in the first women's collegiate basketball game at Smith College, March 21, 1893. Smith College is a private, independent women's liberal arts college located in Northampton Massachusetts. Events 630 - Byzantine emperor Heraclius restores the True Cross to Jerusalem. Year 1893 ( MDCCCXCIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The same year, Mount Holyoke and Sophie Newcomb College (coached by Clara Gregory Baer) women began playing basketball. Mount Holyoke a Traprock mountain peak elevation, is the western-most peak of the Holyoke Range and part of the 100-mile (160 km Metacomet Ridge See also Tulane University H Sophie Newcomb Memorial College, or Newcomb College, was the coordinate women's college of Tulane University Clara Gregory Baer (August 27 1863-? is famous for her pioneering role in Women's sports. By 1895, the game had spread to colleges across the country, including Wellesley, Vassar and Bryn Mawr. Wellesley College is a women's liberal arts college, in Wellesley Massachusetts, that opened in 1875 founded by Henry Fowle Durant Vassar College is a private Coeducational, liberal arts college situated in the town of Poughkeepsie, New York, USA. Bryn Mawr College ( brin-mar is a highly selective women's liberal arts college located in Bryn Mawr, a community in Lower Merion The first intercollegiate women's game was on April 4, 1896. Events 1581 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I. Year 1896 ( MDCCCXCVI) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Stanford women played Berkeley, 9-on-9, ending in a 2-1 Stanford victory. The Stanford Cardinal is the nickname of the athletic teams at Stanford University. The University of California Berkeley (also referred to as Cal, Berkeley and UC Berkeley) is a major research university located in Berkeley In 1901, colleges, including the University of Chicago, Columbia University, Dartmouth College, University of Minnesota, the U.S. Naval Academy, the University of Utah and Yale University began sponsoring men's games. The University of Chicago is a Private university located principally in the Hyde Park neighborhood of Chicago. Columbia University is a private University in the United States and a member of the Ivy League. Dartmouth College ( is a private, Coeducational University located in Hanover, New Hampshire, U The University of Minnesota Twin Cities ( U of M or The U) is the oldest and largest part of the University of Minnesota system. The United States Naval Academy is an undergraduate college in Annapolis, Maryland, United States that educates and commissions officers of the United States The University of Utah (referred to locally as ' The U' or ' the U of U') is a publicly funded Research university in Salt Lake By 1910, frequent injuries on the men's courts prompted President Roosevelt to suggest that college basketball form a governing body, resulting in the creation of the Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the United States (IAAUS). Theodore Roosevelt (ˈroʊzəvɛlt October 27 1858 January 6 1919 also known as T In 1910, that body would change its name to the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA). The National Collegiate Athletic Association ( NCAA, often pronounced "N-C-Double-A" is a voluntary association of about 1200 institutions conferences organizations

The first Canadian interuniversity basketball game was played in Kingston, Ontario in December, 1902, when McGill University visited Queen's University; McGill won 10-6. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Kingston Ontario is a Canadian city located at the eastern end of Lake Ontario, where the lake runs into the St Queen's University, generally referred to simply as Queen's, is a coeducational non-sectarian Public university located in Kingston, Ontario

Teams abounded throughout the 1920s. There were hundreds of men's professional basketball teams in towns and cities all over the United States and little organization of the professional game. Basketball is a team Sport in which two teams of five active players each try to score points against one another by propelling a ball through a 10 feet (3 m Players jumped from team to team and teams played in armories and smoky dance halls. Leagues came and went. And barnstorming squads such as the Original Celtics and two all African American teams, the New York Renaissance Five ("Rens") and (still in existence as of 2006) the Harlem Globetrotters played up to two hundred games a year on their national tours. The Original Celtics (no relation to the famous Boston Celtics) were a great Barnstorming professional Basketball team in the 1920s The New York Renaissance, also known as the Harlem Renaissance Big Five or Rens, was an all- black professional Basketball team founded in 1923 Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. The Harlem Globetrotters are an exhibition basketball team that combines athleticism and Comedy. Women's basketball was more structured. In 1905, the National Women's Basketball Committee's Executive Committee on Basket Ball Rules was created by the American Physical Education Association. The American Association for the Advancement of Physical Education, founded in 1885 to support gymnastics education These rules called for six to nine players per team and 11 officials. The International Women's Sports Federation (1924) included a women's basketball competition. The International Women's Sports Federation held an Olympic-style Games in 1922 in Paris. 37 women's high school varsity basketball or state tournaments were held by 1925. And in 1926, the Amateur Athletic Union backed the first national women's basketball championship, complete with men's rules. National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics Women's Basketball Championship Division I The NAIA National Women's Basketball Championship is held in Jackson The first women's AAU All-America team was chosen in 1929. Official NameAmateur Athletic Union of the United States Incorporated (AAU Women's industrial leagues sprang up throughout the nation, producing famous athletes like Babe Didrikson of the Golden Cyclones and the All American Red Heads Team who competed against men's teams, using men's rules. Mildred Ella ("Babe" Didrikson Zaharias ( June 26, 1911 &ndash September 27, 1956) was an American athlete named The Golden Cyclones were a 1930s group of women athletes who played Amateur Athletic Union (AAU Softball, Basketball and Track-and-field. The All American Red Heads was one of the first professional Women’s basketball teams By 1938, the women's national championship changed from a three-court game to two-court game with six players per team. Six-on-six basketball or basquette is a largely-archaic variant of Women's basketball. The first men's national championship tournament, the National Association of Intercollegiate Basketball tournament, which still exists as the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA) tournament, was organized in 1937. The National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics ( NAIA) seeks to fully integrate life academics sport and fitness into the higher education environment The National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics Men's Basketball National Championship has been held annually since 1937 (with the exception of 1944 The first national championship for NCAA teams, the National Invitation Tournament (NIT) in New York, was organized in 1938; the NCAA national tournament would begin one year later. The National Invitation Tournament (NIT is a men's college Basketball tournament operated by the National Collegiate Athletic Association. The NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship is a single elimination Tournament held each spring featuring 65 College basketball teams in the

College basketball was rocked by gambling scandals from 1948 to 1951, when dozens of players from top teams were implicated in match fixing and point shaving. In organized Sports, match fixing or game fixing occurs when a match is played to a completely or partially pre-determined result Point shaving, in organized Sports is a type of Match fixing where the perpetrators try to prevent a team from covering a published point spread. Partially spurred by an association with cheating, the NIT lost support to the NCAA tournament.

U. S. high school basketball

Before widespread school district consolidation, most United States high schools were far smaller than their present day counterparts. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the High school is the name used in some parts of the world (in particular Scotland, North America and Australia) to describe an institution During the first decades of the 20th century, basketball quickly became the ideal interscholastic sport due to its modest equipment and personnel requirements. In the days before widespread television coverage of professional and college sports, the popularity of high school basketball was unrivaled in many parts of America. Television ( TV) is a widely used Telecommunication medium for sending ( Broadcasting) and receiving moving Images, either monochromatic

Today virtually every high school in the United States fields a basketball team in varsity competition. In the United States and Canada, varsity sports teams are the principal athletic teams representing a College, University, High Basketball's popularity remains high, both in rural areas where they carry the identification of the entire community, as well as at some larger schools known for their basketball teams where many players go on to participate at higher levels of competition after graduation. In the 2003–04 season, 1,002,797 boys and girls represented their schools in interscholastic basketball competition, according to the National Federation of State High School Associations. The National Federation of State High School Associations is the body that writes the rules of competition for most high school sports and activities in the United States The states of Illinois, Indiana and Kentucky are particularly well known for their residents' devotion to high school basketball, commonly called Hoosier Hysteria in Indiana; the critically acclaimed film Hoosiers shows high school basketball's depth of meaning to these rural communities. The State of Illinois ( roughly ill-i-NOY is a state of the United States of America, the 21st to be admitted to the Union. The State of Indiana ( was the 19th US state admitted into the union The Commonwealth of Kentucky ( is a state located in the East Central United States of America. Hoosier Hysteria is the state of excitement surrounding the Indiana high school basketball tournament. This page is about the movie "Hoosiers" Hoosiers is also the nickname of Indiana University athletic teams see Indiana Hoosiers.

National Basketball Association

Main article: National Basketball Association

In 1946, the Basketball Association of America (BAA) was formed, organizing the top professional teams and leading to greater popularity of the professional game. The first game was played in Toronto, Ontario, Canada between the Toronto Huskies and New York Knickerbockers on November 1, 1946. Franchise history See also 1946–47 Toronto Huskies season The Huskies were founded in the BAA's inaugural season of 1946–47 Events 996 - Emperor Otto III issues a deed to Gottschalk Bishop of Freising which is the oldest known document using the name Ostarrîchi Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Three seasons later, in 1949, the BAA became the National Basketball Association (NBA). An upstart organization, the American Basketball Association, emerged in 1967 and briefly threatened the NBA's dominance until the rival leagues merged in 1976. The American Basketball Association ( ABA) was a professional Basketball league founded in 1967, and eventually merged in part with the National Today the NBA is the top professional basketball league in the world in terms of popularity, salaries, talent, and level of competition.

The NBA has featured many famous players, including George Mikan, the first dominating "big man"; ball-handling wizard Bob Cousy and defensive genius Bill Russell of the Boston Celtics; Wilt Chamberlain, who originally played for the barnstorming Harlem Globetrotters; all-around stars Oscar Robertson and Jerry West; more recent big men Kareem Abdul-Jabbar and Karl Malone; playmaker John Stockton; crowd-pleasing forward Julius Erving; European stars Dirk Nowitzki and Drazen Petrovic and the three players who many credit with ushering the professional game to its highest level of popularity: Larry Bird, Earvin "Magic" Johnson, and Michael Jordan. George Lawrence Mikan Jr (June 18 1924 &ndash June 1 2005 nicknamed Mr Robert Joseph "Bob" Cousy (born August 9 1928 in New York City) is a former French - American professional Basketball player William Felton "Bill" Russell (born February 12 1934 in Monroe, Louisiana) is a retired American professional Basketball The Boston Celtics are an American professional Basketball team based in Boston, Massachusetts, playing in the Atlantic Division of the Wilton Norman "Wilt" Chamberlain (August 21 1936&ndashOctober 12 1999 nicknamed Wilt the Stilt, The Big Dipper, and Chairman of the Boards The Harlem Globetrotters are an exhibition basketball team that combines athleticism and Comedy. Oscar Palmer Robertson (born November 24 1938 in Charlotte Tennessee) nicknamed " The Big O " is a former American NBA player with Jerry Alan West (born May 28 1938 is a retired American Basketball player who played his entire professional career for the Los Angeles Lakers of the National Kareem Abdul-Jabbar (born Ferdinand Lewis Alcindor Jr; April 16 1947 is an American athlete and retired professional Basketball player widely considered Karl Anthony Malone (born July 24 1963 is a retired American professional Basketball player John Houston Stockton (born March 26 1962 is a retired American professional Basketball player ( NBA) who spent his entire career ( 1984 &ndash Julius Winfield Erving II (born February 22 1950 and raised in Roosevelt New York) commonly known by the nickname Dr Dirk Werner Nowitzki (ɖɪʁk weʁneʁ no'v?tski (born June 19 1978 is a German professional Basketball player who plays for the Dallas Mavericks of Dražen Petrović ( October 22, 1964 &ndash June 7, 1993) was a Croatian Basketball player Larry Joe Bird (born December 7 1956 is a retired American NBA Basketball player widely considered as one of the best players of all time and one of the top Michael Jeffrey Jordan (born February 17 1963 is a retired American professional Basketball player and active businessman

The NBA-backed Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA) began in 1997. Though it had an insecure opening season, several marquee players (Sheryl Swoopes, Lisa Leslie and Sue Bird among others) helped the league's popularity and level of competition. Sheryl Denise Swoopes (born March 25, 1971) is an American professional Basketball player currently playing for the Seattle Storm Lisa Leslie (born July 7 1972 in Gardena California) is a WNBA player currently playing for the Los Angeles Sparks. Suzanne Brigit Bird (born October 16, 1980) is a professional women's basketball player Other professional women's basketball leagues in the United States, such as the American Basketball League (1996-1998), have folded in part because of the popularity of the WNBA. The American Basketball League of 1996 was an independent professional basketball league for women in the United States.

In 2001, the NBA formed a developmental league, the NBDL. The NBA Development League, or D-League, is the National Basketball Association 's officially sponsored and operated developmental Basketball organization The league currently has eight teams, but added seven more for the 2006-2007 season.

Basketball teams make up approximately 13 percent of franchised sports in the U. S, and an average of 17,558 spectators regularly attend basketball games in the NBA, with the Chicago Bulls (22,103), Detroit Pistons (22,076) and Cleveland Cavaliers (20,499) topping the popularity stakes. The combined revenue from the 30 NBA teams is approximately $3. 37 billion and rising. ^[5]

International basketball

XX. Olympic games Munich 1972 Krešimir Ćosić of Yugoslavia (blue shirt) vs. Krešimir Ćosić ( November 26, 1948 &ndash May 25, 1995) was a Croatian professional Basketball player member of Petr Novicky of Czechoslovakia

The International Basketball Federation was formed in 1932 by eight founding nations: Argentina, Czechoslovakia, Greece, Italy, Latvia, Portugal, Romania and Switzerland. The International Basketball Federation ( French: Fédération Internationale de Basketball) more commonly known by the French acronym FIBA For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. Czechoslovakia may also refer to what is now the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Latvia ( Latvija officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republika is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region. Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation At this time, the organization only oversaw amateur players. Its acronym, in French, was thus FIBA; the "A" standing for amateur.

Basketball was first included in the Olympic Games in 1936, although a demonstration tournament was held in 1904. The Olympic Games is an international Multi-sport event established for both summer and winter games The United States defeated Canada in the first final, played outdoors. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page This competition has usually been dominated by the United States, whose team has won all but three titles, the first loss in a controversial final game in Munich in 1972 against the Soviet Union. Munich (München; Minga is the capital city of Bavaria, Germany. Final results for the Basketball Competition at the 1972 Summer Olympics. In 1950 the first FIBA World Championship for men was held in Argentina. The FIBA World Championship is a world Basketball tournament for men's national teams held quadrennially by the International Basketball Federation (FIBA For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. Three years later, the first FIBA World Championship for Women was held in Chile. The FIBA World Championship for Women (also called the Basketball World Championship for Women) is a world Basketball tournament for women's national teams held quadrennially Chile, officially the Republic of Chile ( Spanish:) is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow Coastal strip wedged between the Women's basketball was added to the Olympics in 1976, with teams such as the Soviet Union, Brazil and Australia rivaling the American squads. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld The Australia Women's National Basketball Team (nicknamed The Opals) is the women's National Basketball team for Australia. The United States women's national basketball team are the defending Olympic champions in women's Basketball.

FIBA dropped the distinction between amateur and professional players in 1989, and in 1992, professional players played for the first time in the Olympic Games. The United States' dominance continued with the introduction of their Dream Team. The United States men's national basketball team is the representative for the United States of America in international men's Basketball. However, with developing programs elsewhere, other national teams started to beat the United States. A team made entirely of NBA players finished sixth in the 2002 World Championships in Indianapolis, behind Yugoslavia, Argentina, Germany, New Zealand and Spain. Yugoslavia national basketball team represented the Kingdom and socialist Yugoslavia. Argentina national basketball team is the basketball side that represents Argentina in Basketball international competitions and depends on the Argentine The Germany national basketball team for men is the basketball side that represents Germany in international competitions The New Zealand national basketball team represents New Zealand in international Basketball competitions The Spain national basketball team is the Basketball team representing Spain in international competitions In the 2004 Athens Olympics, the United States suffered its first Olympic loss while using professional players, falling to Puerto Rico (in a 19-point loss) and Lithuania in group games, and being eliminated in the semifinals by Argentina. The 2004 Summer Olympic Games, officially known as the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad, was an International Multi-sport event which was celebrated The Puerto Rican national basketball team (or Puerto Rican national basketball selection) is the men's side that represents Puerto Rico in international Basketball The Lithuania national basketball team represents Lithuania in international Basketball matches Argentina national basketball team is the basketball side that represents Argentina in Basketball international competitions and depends on the Argentine It eventually won the bronze medal defeating Lithuania, finishing behind Argentina and Italy. The Italian national basketball team is the national Basketball team representing Italy.

Worldwide, basketball tournaments are held for boys and girls of all age levels. The global popularity of the sport is reflected in the nationalities represented in the NBA. Players from all over the globe can be found in NBA teams. Chicago Bulls star forward Luol Deng is a Sudanese refugee who settled in Great Britain; Steve Nash, who won the 2005 and 2006 NBA MVP award, is Canadian; Kobe Bryant is an American who spent much of his childhood in Italy; Dallas Mavericks superstar and 2007 NBA MVP Dirk Nowitzki is German; All-Star Pau Gasol of the Los Angeles Lakers is from Spain; 2005 NBA Draft top overall pick Andrew Bogut of the Milwaukee Bucks is Australian; 2006 NBA Draft top overall pick Andrea Bargnani of the Toronto Raptors is from Italy; Houston Rockets center Yao Ming is from China; All star and former three point champion Peja Stojakovic is Serbian; All star Andrei Kirilenko is Russian; Phoenix Suns guard Leandro Barbosa and Denver Nuggets forward Nenê are Brazilian; Cleveland Cavaliers big man Zydrunas Ilgauskas is Lithuanian; and the San Antonio Spurs feature Tim Duncan of the U.S. Virgin Islands, Manu Ginobili of Argentina (like Chicago Bulls player Andrés Nocioni) and Tony Parker of France. The Chicago Bulls are an American professional Basketball team based in Chicago, Illinois, playing in the Central Division of the Eastern Luol Deng (born 16 April 1985 in Wau, Sudan) is a British professional Basketball player for the National Basketball Association 's Chicago Sudan (officially the Republic of Sudan) ( السودان al-Sūdān is a country in northeastern Africa. See also Kingdom of Great Britain Great Britain (Breatainn Mhòr Prydain Fawr Breten Veur Graet Breetain is the larger of the two main islands Stephen John Nash, OC, OBC (born 7 February 1974 is a Canadian professional Basketball player who plays Point guard for the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Kobe Bean Bryant (born) is an American All-Star Shooting guard The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest The Dallas Mavericks (also known as the Mavs) are the professional Basketball team of the National Basketball Association based in Dallas Texas Dirk Werner Nowitzki (ɖɪʁk weʁneʁ no'v?tski (born June 19 1978 is a German professional Basketball player who plays for the Dallas Mavericks of Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Pau Gasol Sáez (pronounced POW gah-SOHL IPA gəˈzɔɫ (born July 6 1980 in Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain) is a 2 The Los Angeles Lakers are a National Basketball Association (NBA team based in Los Angeles, California. Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. The 2005 NBA Draft took place on June 28, 2005 in the Theatre at Madison Square Garden in New York City. Andrew Michael Bogut (born 28 November 1984 is an Australian professional Basketball player The Milwaukee Bucks are a professional Basketball team based in Milwaukee Wisconsin. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The 2006 NBA Draft was held on June 28 at the Theatre at Madison Square Garden in New York City. Andrea Bargnani, nicknamed " Il Mago " (translated to "The Magician" (born October 26 1985 in Rome, Italy) is The Toronto Raptors are a professional Basketball team based in Toronto, Ontario. Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest The Houston Rockets are an American professional Basketball team based in Houston Texas. Yao Ming ( born September 12 1980 is a Professional basketball player who plays for the Houston Rockets of the National Basketball Association (NBA Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Predrag "Peja" Stojaković ( Serbian Cyrillic: Предраг Стојаковић - Пеђа) (born June 9 1977 is a Serbian Basketball Serbia (Србија Srbija) officially the Republic of Serbia (Република Србија Republika Srbija) is a Landlocked Country Andrei Kirilenko may refer to Andrei Kirilenko (politician (1906&ndash1990 Andrei Kirilenko (basketball (born 1981 Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending The Phoenix Suns are a professional Basketball team based in Phoenix Arizona. Leandro Mateus Barbosa (born November 28 1982 in São Paulo, São Paulo) is a Brazilian professional Basketball player The Denver Nuggets are a professional basketball team based in Denver, Colorado. Nenê (/nuh-NAY/ (born on September 13, 1982 in São Carlos, Brazil) is a professional Basketball player who plays for the |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld The Cleveland Cavaliers (also known as the Cavs) are a professional Basketball team based in Cleveland Ohio. Žydrūnas Ilgauskas ( ZHEE-drew-nus ill-GAUS-kus and he weighs 260 pounds Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the The San Antonio Spurs are an American professional Basketball team based in San Antonio Texas. The United States Virgin Islands is a group of Islands in the Caribbean that are an Insular area of the United States. Emanuel David Ginóbili or Manu Ginóbili (born 28 July 1977 in Bahía Blanca, Argentina) is an Argentine basketball player For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. The Chicago Bulls are an American professional Basketball team based in Chicago, Illinois, playing in the Central Division of the Eastern Andrés Marcelo Nocioni (born November 30 1979 in Santa Fe) is an Argentine professional Basketball player for the NBA 's Chicago William Anthony "Tony" Parker (born) is a French professional Basketball player for the NBA 's San Antonio Spurs and member of This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. (Duncan competes for the United States internationally, as the Virgin Islands did not field a basketball team for international competition until well after Duncan started playing internationally, and all U. S. Virgin Islands natives are United States citizens by birth. ) Even in the 90's, many non-American players made their names in the NBA, such as Croats Dražen Petrović and Toni Kukoč, Serb Vlade Divac, and Lithuanians Arvydas Sabonis and Šarūnas Marčiulionis. Dražen Petrović ( October 22, 1964 &ndash June 7, 1993) was a Croatian Basketball player Toni Kukoč (ˈkʊkɔtʃ (born September 18 1968 in Split, SR Croatia, SFR Yugoslavia) is a retired Croatian Vlade Divac ( Serbian Cyrillic: Владе Дивац, ˈvlaːdɛ ˈdiːvaʦ (born February 3 1968, in Prijepolje, Arvydas Romas Sabonis (born on December 19th, 1964 in Kaunas, Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic, USSR) is a retired Raimondas Šarūnas Marčiulionis ( (born June 13, 1964 in Kaunas, Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic, USSR) is a retired

The all-tournament teams at the two most recent FIBA World Championships, held in 2002 in Indianapolis and 2006 in Japan, demonstrate the globalization of the game equally dramatically. The FIBA World Championship is a world Basketball tournament for men's national teams held quadrennially by the International Basketball Federation (FIBA The 2002 FIBA World Championship was an international Basketball tournament held by the International Basketball Federation in The 2006 FIBA World Championship was an international Basketball competition hosted by Japan from August 19 to September 3, 2006. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Only one member of either team was American, namely Carmelo Anthony in 2006. Carmelo Kiyan Anthony (born May 29 1984 is an American professional Basketball player for the Denver Nuggets, of the National Basketball Association The 2002 team featured Nowitzki, Ginobili, Yao, Peja Stojakovic of Yugoslavia (now of Serbia), and Pero Cameron of New Zealand. Predrag "Peja" Stojaković ( Serbian Cyrillic: Предраг Стојаковић - Пеђа) (born June 9 1977 is a Serbian Basketball The Serbia national basketball team ( Serbian: Кошаркашка репрезентација Србије / Košarkaška reprezentacija Srbije) represents Ginobili also made the 2006 team; the other members were Anthony, Gasol, his Spanish teammate Jorge Garbajosa and Theodoros Papaloukas of Greece. The Spain national basketball team is the Basketball team representing Spain in international competitions Jorge Garbajosa Chaparro Jr, nicknamed "Garbo" (born December 19 1977 in Torrejón de Ardoz, Madrid) is a Spanish professional Theódoros "Theo" Papaloukás ( in Greek: Θεόδωρος "Θοδωρής" Παπαλουκάς; born May 8th, 1977) The Greece national basketball team is the representative for Greece in international men's Basketball competitions and it is organized and run by the Hellenic The only players on either team to never have joined the NBA are Cameron and Papaloukas. The strength of international Basketball is evident in the fact that the last three FIBA world championships were won (in order) by Serbia (Yugoslavia in 1998) and Spain.

Rules and regulations

Main article: Rules of basketball

Measurements and time limits discussed in this section often vary among tournaments and organizations; international and NBA rules are used in this section. The rules of basketball are the rules and regulations that govern the play officiating equipment and procedures of Basketball.

The object of the game is to outscore one's opponents by throwing the ball through the opponents' basket from above while preventing the opponents from doing so on their own. An attempt to score in this way is called a shot. A successful shot is worth two points, or three points if it is taken from beyond the three-point arc which is 6. A three-point field goal (also known as three-pointer, three-point shot, trey, or simply three) is a field goal in a Basketball 25 meters (20 ft 6 in) from the basket in international games and 23 ft 9 in (7. 24 m) in NBA games.

Playing regulations

Games are played in four quarters of 10 (international) or 12 minutes (NBA). College games use two 20 minute halves while most high school games use eight minute quarters. Fifteen minutes are allowed for a half-time break, and two minutes are allowed at the other breaks. Overtime periods are five minutes long. Overtime is an additional period of play specified under the rules of a Sport in order to bring the game to a decision and avoid declaring the contest a tie or draw Teams exchange baskets for the second half. The time allowed is actual playing time; the clock is stopped while the play is not active. Therefore, games generally take much longer to complete than the allotted game time, typically about two hours.

Five players from each team (out of a twelve player roster) may be on the court at one time. Substitutions are unlimited but can only be done when play is stopped. Teams also have a coach, who oversees the development and strategies of the team, and other team personnel such as assistant coaches, managers, statisticians, doctors and trainers. Coach (baseball|Coach (basketball|Coach (ice hockeyIn Sports a coach or manager is an individual involved in the direction instruction and training of the operations

For both men's and women's teams, a standard uniform consists of a pair of shorts and a jersey with a clearly visible number, unique within the team, printed on both the front and back. A jersey is an item of Knitted Clothing, traditionally in Wool or Cotton, with Sleeves worn as a Pullover; this is Players wear high-top sneakers that provide extra ankle support. The high-top is a Shoe that extends significantly over the wearer's Ankle. Typically, team names, players' names and, outside of North America, sponsors are printed on the uniforms.

A limited number of time-outs, clock stoppages requested by a coach for a short meeting with the players, are allowed. They generally last no longer than one minute unless, for televised games, a commercial break is needed.

The game is controlled by the officials consisting of the referee ("crew chief" in men's college and the NBA), one or two umpires ("referees" in men's college and the NBA) and the table officials. For college, the NBA, and many high schools, there are a total of three referees on the court. The table officials are responsible for keeping track of each teams scoring, timekeeping, individual and team fouls, player substitutions, team possession arrow, and the shot clock. In Basketball, a personal foul is a breach of the rules that concerns illegal personal contact with an opponent A jump ball is a method used to begin or resume play in Basketball. A shot clock is used in some sports to quicken the pace of the game

Equipment

Traditional eight-panel basketball

The only essential equipment in basketball is the basketball and the court: a flat, rectangular surface with baskets at opposite ends. Competitive levels require the use of more equipment such as clocks, scoresheets, scoreboard(s), alternating possession arrows, and whistle-operated stop-clock systems.

A regulation basketball court in international games is 28 by 15 meters (approx. In Basketball, the basketball court is the playing surface consisting of a rectangular floor with baskets at either end 92 by 49 ft) and in the NBA is 94 by 50 feet (29 by 15 m). Most courts are made of wood. A steel basket with net and backboard hang over each end of the court. At almost all levels of competition, the top of the rim is exactly 10 feet (3. 05 m) above the court and 4 feet (1. 2 m) inside the baseline. While variation is possible in the dimensions of the court and backboard, it is considered important for the basket to be of the correct height; a rim that is off by but a few inches can have an adverse effect on shooting.

There are also regulations on the size a basketball should be. If women are playing, the official basketball size is 28. 5" in circumference (size 6) and a weight of 20 oz. For men, the official ball is 29. 5" in circumference (size 7) and weighs 22 oz.

Violations

The ball may be advanced toward the basket by being shot, passed between players, thrown, tapped, rolled or dribbled (bouncing the ball while running).

The ball must stay within the court; the last team to touch the ball before it travels out of bounds forfeits possession. The ball-handler may not move both feet without dribbling, known as traveling, nor may he dribble with both hands or catch the ball in between dribbles, a violation called double dribbling. In Basketball, traveling is a violation of the rules that occurs when a player holding the ball illegally moves one or both of his feet In the game of Basketball, a double dribble is a violation in which a player dribbles (bounces the ball clearly holds it with a combination of either one or two hands (while A player's hand cannot be under the ball while dribbling; doing so is known as carrying the ball. A team, once having established ball control in the front half of the court, may not return the ball to the backcourt. The ball may not be kicked nor struck with the fist. A violation of these rules results in loss of possession, or, if committed by the defense, a reset of the shot clock. A shot clock is used in some sports to quicken the pace of the game

There are limits imposed on the time taken before progressing the ball past halfway (8 seconds in international and NBA; 10 seconds in NCAA and high school), before attempting a shot (24 seconds in the NBA, 30 seconds in NCAA women's and Canadian Interuniversity Sport play for both sexes, and 35 seconds in NCAA men's play), holding the ball while closely guarded (5 seconds), and remaining in the restricted area (the lane, or "key") (3 seconds). Canadian Interuniversity Sport (CIS is the national Governing body of University sport in Canada, comprised of the majority of degree granting universities The key, also referred to as the the shaded lane, the paint, the Free throw lane and the restricted area, is an area in a Basketball These rules are designed to promote more offense.

No player may interfere with the basket or ball on its downward flight to the basket, or while it is on the rim (or, in the NBA, while it is directly above the basket), a violation known as goaltending. If a defensive player goaltends, the attempted shot is considered to have been successful. If a teammate of the shooter goaltends, the basket is cancelled and play continues with the defensive team being given possession.

Fouls

Main articles: Personal foul, Technical foul

The referee signals that a foul has been committed. In Basketball, a personal foul is a breach of the rules that concerns illegal personal contact with an opponent In Basketball, a technical foul (also known as a "T" or a "Tech" is any infraction of the rules penalized as a foul which does not involve physical contact

An attempt to unfairly disadvantage an opponent through physical contact is illegal and is called a foul. These are most commonly committed by defensive players; however, they can be committed by offensive players as well. Players who are fouled either receive the ball to pass inbounds again, or receive one or more free throws if they are fouled in the act of shooting, depending on whether the shot was successful. Main article Basketball moves In Basketball, free throws or foul shots are unopposed attempts to score points from a restricted One point is awarded for making a free throw, which is attempted from a line 15 feet (4. 5 m) from the basket.

The referee may use discretion in calling fouls (for example, by considering whether an unfair advantage was gained), sometimes making fouls controversial calls. The calling of fouls can vary between games, leagues and even between referees.

A player or coach who shows poor sportsmanship, for instance, by arguing with a referee or by fighting with another player, can be charged with a more serious foul called a technical foul. In Basketball, a technical foul (also known as a "T" or a "Tech" is any infraction of the rules penalized as a foul which does not involve physical contact The penalty involves free throws (which unlike a personal foul, the other team can choose who they want to shoot the free throws) and varies between leagues. Repeated incidents can result in disqualification. In sports an ejection (or dismissal or sending-off) is a disqualifying action assessed to a player or coach by a game official (such as a Referee Blatant fouls with excessive contact or that are not an attempt to play the ball are called unsportsmanlike fouls (or flagrant fouls in the NBA) and typically will result in ejection.

If a team surpasses a preset limit of team fouls in a given period (quarter or half) – four for NBA and international games – the opposing team is awarded one or two free throws on all subsequent fouls for that period, the number depending on the league. In the US college game if a team surpasses 7 fouls in the half the opposing team is awarded a one-and-one free throw (make the first you have a chance at a second). If a team surpasses 10 fouls in the half the opposing team is awarded two free throws on all subsequent fouls for the half. A player who commits five fouls, including technical fouls, in one game (six in some professional leagues, including the NBA) is not allowed to participate for the rest of the game, and is described as having "fouled out".

After a team has committed a specified number of fouls, it is said to be "in the penalty". On scoreboards, this is usually signified with an indicator light reading "Bonus" or "Penalty" with an illuminated directional arrow indicating that team is to receive free throws when fouled by the opposing team. (Some scoreboards also indicate the number of fouls committed. )

The number of free throws awarded increases with the number of fouls committed. Initially, one shot is awarded, but after a certain number of additional fouls are committed the opposing team may receive (a) one shot with a chance for a second shot if the first shot is made, called shooting "one-and-one", or (b) two shots. If a team misses the first shot (or "front end") of a one-and-one situation, the opposing team may reclaim possession of the ball and continue play. If a team misses the first shot of a two-shot situation, the opposing team must wait for the completion of the second shot before attempting to reclaim possession of the ball and continuing play.

If a player is fouled while attempting a shot and the shot is unsuccessful, the player is awarded a number of free throws equal to the value of the attempted shot. A player fouled while attempting a regular two-point shot, then, receives two shots. A player fouled while attempting a three-point shot, on the other hand, receives three shots.

If a player is fouled while attempting a shot and the shot is successful, typically the player will be awarded one additional free throw for one point. In combination with a regular shot, this is called a "three-point play" (or more colloquially, an "and one") because of the basket made at the time of the foul (2 points) and the additional free throw (1 point). Four-point plays, while rare, can also occur.

Common techniques and practices

Positions and structures

Basketball positions in the offensive zone

Although the rules do not specify any positions whatsoever, they have evolved as part of basketball. The three basketball positions normally employed by organized Basketball teams are guard forward and center During the first five decades of basketball's evolution, one guard, two forwards, and two centers or two guards, two forwards, and one center were used. Since the 1980s, more specific positions have evolved, namely:

1. point guard: usually the fastest player on the team, organizes the team's offense by controlling the ball and making sure that it gets to the right player at the right time
2. shooting guard: creates a high volume of shots on offense; guards the opponent's best perimeter player on defense
3. small forward: often primarily responsible for scoring points via cuts to the basket and dribble penetration; on defense seeks rebounds and steals, but sometimes plays more actively
4. power forward: plays offensively often with his back to the basket; on defense, plays under the basket (in a zone defense) or against the opposing power forward (in man-to-man defense)
5. center: uses size to score (on offense), to protect the basket closely (on defense), or to rebound. Point guard ( PG) also called the one or " the ball-handler " is one of the standard positions in a regulation Basketball game The Shooting guard ( SG) also known as the two or off guard, is one of five traditional positions on a Basketball team The small forward, or colloquially the three, is one of the five positions in a regulation Basketball game Power forward is a position in the sport of Basketball. The position is referred to in playbook terms as the four position and is commonly abbreviated "PF" The center, colloquially the five, is one of the standard positions in a regulation Basketball game

The above descriptions are flexible. On some occasions, teams will choose to use a three guard offense, replacing one of the forwards or the center with a third guard. The most commonly interchanged positions are point guard and shooting guard, especially if both players have good leadership and ball handling skills.

There are two main defensive strategies: zone defense and man-to-man defense. Zone defense involves players in defensive positions guarding whichever opponent is in their zone. Zone defense is a type of defense used in Sports which is the alternative to Man-to-man defense; instead of each player guarding a corresponding player on the In man-to-man defense, each defensive player guards a specific opponent and tries to prevent him from taking action. Man-to-man defense is a type of defensive tactic used in Basketball, Association football and American football in which each player is assigned to

Offensive plays are more varied, normally involving planned passes and movement by players without the ball. A quick movement by an offensive player without the ball to gain an advantageous position is a cut. A legal attempt by an offensive player to stop an opponent from guarding a teammate, by standing in the defender's way such that the teammate cuts next to him, is a screen or pick. The two plays are combined in the pick and roll, in which a player sets a pick and then "rolls" away from the pick towards the basket. The pick and roll (also called screen and roll or shortened to screen-roll, any of which may be hyphenated in Basketball is an offensive play in which Screens and cuts are very important in offensive plays; these allow the quick passes and teamwork which can lead to a successful basket. Teams almost always have several offensive plays planned to ensure their movement is not predictable. On court, the point guard is usually responsible for indicating which play will occur.

Defensive and offensive structures, and positions, are more emphasized in higher levels in basketball; it is these that a coach normally requests a time-out to discuss.

Shooting

Player releases a short jump shot, while her defender is either knocked down, or trying to "take a charge. "

Shooting is the act of attempting to score points by throwing the ball through the basket. While methods can vary with players and situations, the most common technique can be outlined here.

The player should be positioned facing the basket with feet about shoulder-width apart, knees slightly bent, and back straight. The player holds the ball to rest in the dominant hand's fingertips (the shooting arm) slightly above the head, with the other hand on the side of the ball. To aim the ball, the player's elbow should be aligned vertically, with the forearm facing in the direction of the basket. The ball is shot by bending and extending the knees and extending the shooting arm to become straight; the ball rolls off the finger tips while the wrist completes a full downward flex motion. When the shooting arm is stationary for a moment after the ball released, it is known as a follow-through; it is incorporated to maintain accuracy. Generally, the non-shooting arm is used only to guide the shot, not to power it.

Players often try to put a steady backspin on the ball to deaden its impact with the rim. The ideal trajectory of the shot is somewhat arguable, but generally coaches will profess proper arch. Most players shoot directly into the basket, but shooters may use the backboard to redirect the ball into the basket.

The two most common shots that use the above described set up are the set shot and the jump shot. See also Basketball moves In Basketball (and derivatives like Netball) a jump shot is an attempt to score a basket by jumping usually straight The set shot is taken from a standing position, with neither foot leaving the floor, typically used for free throws. The jump shot is taken while in mid-air, near the top of the jump. This provides much greater power and range, and it also allows the player to elevate over the defender. Failure to release the ball before returning the feet to the ground is a traveling violation.

Another common shot is called the layup. See also Basketball moves A layup in Basketball is a two point attempt made by leaping from below laying the ball up near the basket and using one hand to This shot requires the player to be in motion toward the basket, and to "lay" the ball "up" and into the basket, typically off the backboard (the backboard-free, underhand version is called a finger roll). The most crowd-pleasing, and typically highest-percentage accuracy shot is the slam dunk, in which the player jumps very high, and throws the ball downward, straight through the hoop. A slam dunk (or simply a dunk) is a type of Basketball shot that is performed when a player jumps in the air and manually powers the ball downward through the basket

Another shot that is becoming common is the "circus shot". The circus shot is a low-percentage shot that is flipped, heaved, scooped, or flung toward the hoop while the shooter is off-balance, airborne, falling down, and/or facing away from the basket.

A shot that misses both the rim and the backboard completely is referred to as an air ball. In Basketball, an air ball is any shot that misses the basket completely and does not hit either the net rim or backboard A particularly bad shot, or one that only hits the backboard, is jocularly called a brick. Brick is a Slang term used in Basketball to describe a shot attempt that hits the rim or backboard and misses badly

Rebounding

Main article: Rebound (basketball)

The objective of rebounding is to successfully gain possession of the basketball after a missed field goal or free throw, as it rebounds from the hoop or backboard. A rebound in Basketball is the act of successfully gaining possession of the basketball after a missed field goal or Free throw. This plays a major role in the game, as most possessions end when a team misses a shot. There are two categories of rebounds: offensive rebounds, in which the ball is recovered by the offensive side and does not change possession, and defensive rebounds, in which the defending team gains possession of the loose ball. The majority of rebounds are defensive, as the team on defense tends to be in better position to recover missed shots.

Passing

See also: Assist (basketball)

A pass is a method of moving the ball between players. In Basketball, an assist is attributed to a player who passes the ball to a teammate in a way that leads to a score by field goal, meaning that he or she was "assisting" Most passes are accompanied by a step forward to increase power and are followed through with the hands to ensure accuracy.

A staple pass is the chest pass. The ball is passed directly from the passer's chest to the receiver's chest. A proper chest pass involves an outward snap of the thumbs to add velocity and leaves the defense little time to react.

Another type of pass is the bounce pass. Here, the passer bounces the ball crisply about two-thirds of the way from his own chest to the receiver. The ball strikes the court and bounces up toward the receiver. The bounce pass takes longer to complete than the chest pass, but it is also harder for the opposing team to intercept (kicking the ball deliberately is a violation). Thus, players often use the bounce pass in crowded moments, or to pass around a defender.

The overhead pass is used to pass the ball over a defender. The ball is released while over the passer's head.

The outlet pass occurs after a team gets a defensive rebound. The next pass after the rebound is the outlet pass.

The crucial aspect of any good pass is being impossible to intercept. Good passers can pass the ball with great accuracy and touch and know exactly where each of their teammates like to receive the ball. A special way of doing this is passing the ball without looking at the receiving teammate. This is called a no-look pass.

Another advanced style of passing is the behind-the-back pass which, as the description implies, involves throwing the ball behind the passer's back to a teammate. Although some players can perform them effectively, many coaches discourage no-look or behind-the-back passes, believing them to be fundamentally unsound, difficult to control, and more likely to result in turnovers or violations.

Dribbling

A U. S. Naval Academy ("Navy") player, left, posts up a U. S. Military Academy ("Army") defender

Main article: Dribble

Dribbling is the act of bouncing the ball continuously, and is a requirement for a player to take steps with the ball. In Sports such as Football (soccer, Basketball, Bandy and Water polo, dribbling refers to the maneuvering of a ball around a defender To dribble, a player pushes the ball down towards the ground rather than patting it; this ensures greater control.

When dribbling past an opponent, the dribbler should dribble with the hand farthest from the opponent, making it more difficult for the defensive player to get to the ball. It is therefore important for a player to be able to dribble competently with both hands.

Good dribblers (or "ball handlers") tend to bounce the ball low to the ground, reducing the travel from the floor to the hand, making it more difficult for the defender to "steal" the ball. Additionally, good ball handlers frequently dribble behind their backs, between their legs, and change hands and directions of the dribble frequently, making a less predictable dribbling pattern that is more difficult to defend, this is called a crossover which is the most effective way to pass defenders while dribbling.

A skilled player can dribble without watching the ball, using the dribbling motion or peripheral vision to keep track of the ball's location. Peripheral vision is a part of vision that occurs outside the very center of gaze By not having to focus on the ball, a player can look for teammates or scoring opportunities, as well as avoid the danger of someone stealing the ball from him/her.

Blocking

Main article: block (basketball)

A block is performed when, after a shot is attempted, a defender attempts to alter the shot by touching the ball. In Basketball, a block (short for blocked shot) occurs when a defensive player legally deflects a shot from an offensive player In almost all variants of play, it is illegal to touch the ball after it is in the downward part of its arc; this is known as goaltending. It is also illegal to block a shot after it has touched the backboard, or when any part of the ball is directly above the rim.

To block a shot, a player has to be able to reach a point higher than where the shot is released. Thus, height can be an advantage in blocking. Players at the taller power forward or center positions generally record more blocks than players at the shorter guard positions. However, with good timing and sufficient vertical leap, even shorter players can be effective at blocking shots.

Height

At the professional level, most male players are above 6 ft 3 in (1. 90 m) and most women above 5 ft 7 in (1. 70 m). Guards, for whom physical coordination and ball-handling skills are crucial, tend to be the smallest players. Almost all forwards in the men's pro leagues are 6 ft 6 in (2 m) or taller. Most centers are over 6 ft 10 in (2. 1 m) tall. According to a survey given to all NBA teams, the average height of all NBA players is just under 6 ft 7 in (2. 01 m), with the average weight being close to 222 lb (101 kg). The tallest players ever in the NBA were Manute Bol and Gheorghe Mureşan, who were both 7 ft 7 in (2. Manute Bol (born October 16, 1962) is a Sudanese born Basketball player and Activist. Gheorghe Dumitru Mureşan, also known as Ghiță (giʦə and "George" (born February 14, 1971 in Triteni Romania) is 31 m) tall. The tallest current NBA player is Yao Ming, who stands at 7 ft 6 in (2. Yao Ming ( born September 12 1980 is a Professional basketball player who plays for the Houston Rockets of the National Basketball Association (NBA 29 m).

The shortest player ever to play in the NBA is Muggsy Bogues at 5 ft 3 in (1. Tyrone Curtis Bogues (born January 9 1965, in Baltimore Maryland) better known as Muggsy Bogues, is a retired American professional 60 meters). Other short players have thrived at the pro level. Anthony "Spud" Webb was just 5 ft 7 in (1. Anthony Jerome "Spud" Webb (born July 13, 1963) is an American retired NBA Basketball Point guard. 70 m) tall, but had a 42-inch (1. 07 m) vertical leap, giving him significant height when jumping. The shortest player in the NBA as of the 2006-07 season is Earl Boykins at 5 feet 5 inches (1. Earl Antoine Boykins (born June 2 1976 in Cleveland, Ohio) is an American professional Basketball player currently playing 65 m). While shorter players are often not very good at defending against shooting, their ability to navigate quickly through crowded areas of the court and steal the ball by reaching low are strengths.

Variations and similar games

Main article: Variations of basketball

Variations of basketball are activities based on the game of basketball, using common basketball skills and equipment (primarily the ball and basket). Variations of basketball are games or activities based on or similar to the game of Basketball, in which the player utilizes common basketball skills Some variations are only superficial rules changes, while others are distinct games with varying degrees of basketball influences. Other variations include children's games, contests or activities meant to help players reinforce skills.

Wheelchair basketball is played on specially designed wheelchairs for the physically impaired. Wheelchair basketball is a sport thought for people in Wheelchairs In some countries such as Canada Australia and England able-bodied athletes are allowed to compete alongside The world governing body of wheelchair basketball is the International Wheelchair Basketball Federation^[6] (IWBF). Water basketball, played in a swimming pool, merges basketball and water polo rules. Water basketball is a Water sport which mixes rules of Basketball and Water polo. Beach basketball is played in a circular court with no backboard on the goal, no out-of-bounds rule with the ball movement to be done via passes or 2 1/2 steps, as dribbling is next to impossible on a soft surface. ^[7]

There are many variations as well played in informal settings without referees or strict rules. Perhaps the single most common variation is the half court game. Only one basket is used, and the ball must be "cleared" - passed or dribbled outside the half-court or three-point line - each time possession of the ball changes from one team to the other. Half-court games require less cardiovascular stamina, since players need not run back and forth a full court. This is an article about the rock music band "Circulatory System" Half-court games also raise the number of players that can use a court, an important benefit when many players want to play.

A popular version of the half-court game is 21. Two-point shots count as two points and shots from behind the three-point line count three. A player who makes a basket is awarded up to three extra free throws (or unlimited if you are playing "all day"), worth the usual one point. When a shot is missed, if one of the other players tips the ball in with two while it is in the air, the score of the player who missed the shot goes back to zero, or if they have surpassed 13, their score goes back to 13. This is called a "tip". If a missed shot is "tipped" in, but the player who tips it in only uses one hand, then the player who shot it is out of the game and has to catch an air ball to get back in. The first player to reach exactly 21 points wins. If they go over, their score goes back to 13.

Other variations include streetball, knockout, and one-on-one; a variation in which two players will use only a small section of the court (often no more than a half of a court) and compete to play the ball into a single hoop. Streetball is an urban form of Basketball, played on Playgrounds and in Gymnasiums across the world Such games tend to emphasize individual dribbling and ball stealing skills over shooting and team play.

References

See also

• Basketball moves
• Basketball position
• Basketball at the Summer Olympics
• International Basketball Federation
• Continental Basketball Association
• National Basketball Association
• Philippine Basketball Association
• FIBA World Championship
• FIBA World Championship for Women
• Wheelchair basketball

External links

Historical

• Naismith Museum & Basketball Hall of Fame - Almonte, ON
• Basketball Hall of Fame - Springfield, MA
• Hoopedia - The Basketball Wiki (hosted by the NBA)
• Hometown Sports Heroes

Organizations

• Basketball at the Olympic Games
• International Basketball Federation
• National Basketball Association
• Women's National Basketball Association
• Continental Basketball Association (oldest league in the world)

Other

• Basketball at the Open Directory Project
• Basketball at the Yahoo! Directory
• Basketball-Reference.com: Basketball Statistics, Analysis and History
• Ontario historical plaque - Dr. James Naismith
• Historical List of American Professional Basketball Teams