Citizendia

Barry James Marshall, AC FRS FAA (born 30 September 1951) is an Australian physician, Nobel Prize laureate in Physiology or Medicine, and Professor of Clinical Microbiology at the University of Western Australia. Order of Australia is an order of chivalry established by Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia on 14 February 1975 "for the purpose of according recognition The Royal Society of London for the Improvement of Natural Knowledge, known simply as The Royal Society, is a Learned society for science that was founded in 1660 The Australian Academy of Science (AAS was founded in 1954 by a group of distinguished Australians including Australian Fellows of the Royal Society of Events 1399 - Henry IV is proclaimed King of England. 1744 - France and Spain defeat the Year 1951 ( MCMLI) was a Common year starting on Monday. Events of 1951 January For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. A physician, medical practitioner or medical doctor who practices Medicine, and is concerned with maintaining or restoring human Health The Nobel Prize (Nobelpriset (Nobelprisen is a Swedish prize established in the 1895 will of Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel; it was first awarded in Peace, Literature Physiology (from Greek grc φύσις physis, "nature origin" and grc -λογία -logia) is the study of the mechanical physical Medicine is the art and science of healing It encompasses a range of Health care practices evolved to maintain and restore Human Health by the The University of Western Australia (UWA is the oldest university in the state of Western Australia. Marshall is well-known for proving that bacteria Helicobacter pylori are the cause of most stomach ulcers, reversing decades of medical doctrine which held that ulcers were caused by stress, spicy foods, and too much acid. Helicobacter pylori ( is a Gram-negative, microaerophilic Bacterium that inhabits various areas of the stomach and Duodenum. A peptic ulcer, also known as PUD or peptic ulcer disease, is an Ulcer (defined as mucosal erosions equal to or greater than 0 He has recently accepted a part-time appointment at the Pennsylvania State University. The Pennsylvania State University (commonly known as Penn State) is a state-related, land-grant, space grant public research University [1]

Contents

Early years

Marshall was born in Kalgoorlie, Western Australia and lived in Kalgoorlie and Carnarvon until moving to Perth at seven. Western Australia is a state occupying the entire western third of the Australian continent. Carnarvon is a coastal town situated approximately 900 kilometres north of Perth, Western Australia. Perth is the capital and largest city of the Australian state of Western Australia. He attended High School at Newman College and the University of Western Australia, where he received a Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery in 1975. Newman College is a K-12 co-educational Catholic College which operates in the Marist tradition The University of Western Australia (UWA is the oldest university in the state of Western Australia. Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery, or in Latin Medicinae Baccalaureus et Baccalaureus Chirurgiae (abbreviated MB BChir, BM BCh, He married his wife Adrienne in 1972. [2][3]

Life and research

In 1979 Marshall was appointed as a Registrar in Medicine at the Royal Perth Hospital. Royal Perth Hospital (RPH is an 855-bed teaching hospital located on north eastern edge of the CBD of Perth, Western Australia ( He met Robin Warren, a pathologist interested in gastritis, during internal medicine fellowship training at Royal Perth Hospital in 1981. Dr John Robin Warren AC (born 11 June[[ 937]] in Adelaide) is an Australian Pathologist and researcher who is credited with the 1979 Gastritis is an inflammation of the lining of the stomach There are many possible causes Together, the pair studied the presence of spiral bacteria in association with gastritis. The following year (1982), they performed the initial culture of H. pylori and developed their hypothesis related to the bacterial cause of peptic ulcer and gastric cancer. [2] It has been claimed that the H. pylori theory was ridiculed by the establishment scientists and doctors, who did not believe that any bacteria could live in the acidic stomach. Marshall has been quoted as saying in 1998 that "Everyone was against me, but I knew I was right". [4] On the other hand, it has also been argued that medical researchers showed a proper degree of skepticism until the H. pylori hypothesis could be proved. [5]

After failed attempts to infect piglets in 1984, Marshall drank a petri-dish of the bacteria and soon developed gastritis with achlorhydria. Achlorhydria and hypochlorhydria refer to states where the production of Gastric acid in the Stomach is absent or low respectively Symptoms included vague stomach discomfort, nausea, vomiting and halitosis. Halitosis, oral malodor, breath odor mouth odor foul breath fetor oris fetor ex ore or most commonly bad breath are terms used to describe noticeably unpleasant On the 14th day of the infection, biopsies of Marshall's stomach did not reveal any bacteria - so spontaneous eradication may have occurred. However, on the insistence of his wife, he did take antibiotics immediately after that endoscopy so there was no way of double-checking the negative result. Interestingly, he did not develop antibodies to H. pylori, suggesting that innate immunity can sometimes eradicate acute H. Immune system|Adaptive immune systemThe innate immune system comprises the cells and mechanisms that defend the host from infection by other organisms in a non-specific manner pylori infection. His illness and recovery, based on a culture of organisms extracted from a patient, fulfilled Koch's postulates for H. Koch's postulates are four criteria designed to establish a causal relationship between a causative Microbe and a Disease. pylori and gastritis, but not for peptic ulcer. This experiment was published in 1985 in the Medical Journal of Australia[6] and is among the most cited articles from the journal. The Medical Journal of Australia is a Peer-reviewed Medical journal. [7]

After this work at Fremantle Hospital, Marshall did research at Royal Perth Hospital (1985-86) and at the University of Virginia, USA (1986-1996), before returning to Australia. Fremantle Hospital is a 24 hour acute-care public teaching Hospital situated in central Fremantle, Western Australia, south of Perth. The University of Virginia (also called UVa, UVA, Mr Jefferson's University, or The University) is a highly selective public research He held a Burnet Fellowship at the University of Western Australia from 1998-2003[8] and continues research related to H. pylori and runs the H. pylori Research Laboratory at UWA. [9]

Awards and honours

In 2005, the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to Dr. Karolinska Institutet (often translated from Swedish into English as the Karolinska Institute, and in older texts often as the Royal Caroline The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (Nobelpriset i fysiologi eller medicin is awarded once a year by the Swedish Karolinska Institute. Marshall and his long-time collaborator Dr. Warren "for their discovery of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease". Gastritis is an inflammation of the lining of the stomach There are many possible causes [10]

Marshall also received the Warren Alpert Prize in 1994, the Australian Medical Association Award in 1995, Albert Lasker Award for Clinical Medical Research in 1995 and the Gairdner Foundation International Award in 1996, the Paul Ehrlich Prize in 1997, the Dr A.H. Heineken Prize for Medicine in 1998, the Florey Medal in 1998, the Buchanan Medal of the Royal Society in 1998, Benjamin Franklin Medal for Life Sciences in 1999, the Keio Medical Science Prize in 2002 and the Australian Centenary Medal in 2003. The Australian Medical Association (the AMA is a Professional association and Union for Australian The Lasker~DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award is awarded by the Lasker Foundation for the understanding diagnosis prevention treatment and cure of disease The Gairdner Foundation International Award is given annually at a special dinner to three to six people for outstanding discoveries or contributions to medical science The Dr AH Heineken Prizes, named in honor of Alfred Heineken Fondsen, former Chairman of Heineken Holdings, are a series of awards bestowed by the Royal Netherlands The Buchanan Medal is a medal of the Royal Society of London awarded for achievements in Medicine. The Royal Society of London for the Improvement of Natural Knowledge, known simply as The Royal Society, is a Learned society for science that was founded in 1660 The Centenary Medal is an award created by the Australian Government in 2001. [11]

He was made a Companion of the Order of Australia in 2007. Order of Australia is an order of chivalry established by Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia on 14 February 1975 "for the purpose of according recognition [12]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Nobel laureate Marshall joins Penn State faculty. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This is a timeline of the events relating to the discovery that peptic Penn State Live (2007-09-06). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 3114 BC - According to the Proleptic Julian calendar the current era in the Maya Long Count Calendar started Retrieved on 2007-09-06. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 3114 BC - According to the Proleptic Julian calendar the current era in the Maya Long Count Calendar started
  2. ^ a b Barry, Marshall (2005). Autobiography. Nobel Foundation. The Nobel Foundation (Nobelstiftelsen is a private institution founded on 29 June 1900 to manage the finances and administration of the Nobel Prizes. Retrieved on 2007-01-28. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1077 - Walk to Canossa: The Excommunication of Henry IV Holy Roman Emperor is lifted
  3. ^ In 1972 he was also a state yo-yo champion. The yo-yo is a Toy consisting of two equally sized and weighted disks of Plastic, Wood, or Metal, connected with an Axle, with a
  4. ^ Barry Marshall Interview, H. Pylori and the Making of a Myth. Academy of Achievement (May 23, 1998). Events 1430 - Siege of Compiègne: Joan of Arc is captured by the Burgundians while leading an army to relieve Compiègne Year 1998 ( MCMXCVIII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar) Retrieved on 2007-01-28. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1077 - Walk to Canossa: The Excommunication of Henry IV Holy Roman Emperor is lifted
  5. ^ Atwood, Kimball C. (November 2004). Bacteria, Ulcers, and Ostracism?. Skeptical Inquirer. The Skeptical Inquirer is a bimonthly American Magazine published by the Committee for Skeptical Inquiry (CSI with the subtitle Retrieved on 2007-07-17. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 180 - Twelve inhabitants of Scillium in North Africa are executed for being Christians
  6. ^ Medical Journal of Australia
  7. ^ Van Der Weyden, Martin B; Ruth M Armstrong and Ann T Gregory (2005). "The 2005 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine". Medical Journal of Australia 183 (11/12): 612-614. Medical Journal of Australia.  
  8. ^ Professor Barry Marshall. University of Western Australia (28 July 2006). Events 1540 - Thomas Cromwell is executed at the order of Henry VIII of England on charges of Treason. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Retrieved on 2007-01-28. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1077 - Walk to Canossa: The Excommunication of Henry IV Holy Roman Emperor is lifted
  9. ^ Marshall, Barry (August 26, 2002). Events 1071 - Battle of Manzikert: The Seljuk Turks defeat the Byzantine Army at Manzikert. See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Helicobacter pylori Research Laboratory. University of Western Australia. Retrieved on 2007-01-28. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1077 - Walk to Canossa: The Excommunication of Henry IV Holy Roman Emperor is lifted His home page and various links can also be found there.
  10. ^ The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2005. Nobel Foundation (2005). The Nobel Foundation (Nobelstiftelsen is a private institution founded on 29 June 1900 to manage the finances and administration of the Nobel Prizes. Retrieved on 2007-01-28. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1077 - Walk to Canossa: The Excommunication of Henry IV Holy Roman Emperor is lifted
  11. ^ Curriculum Vitae. Nobel Foundation (2005). The Nobel Foundation (Nobelstiftelsen is a private institution founded on 29 June 1900 to manage the finances and administration of the Nobel Prizes. Retrieved on 2007-01-28. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1077 - Walk to Canossa: The Excommunication of Henry IV Holy Roman Emperor is lifted
  12. ^ It's an Honour. Government of Australia (26 January 2007). This article describes the federal government of Australia See Australian governments for other jurisdictions Events 1340 - King Edward III of England is declared King of France. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Retrieved on 2007-01-28. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 1077 - Walk to Canossa: The Excommunication of Henry IV Holy Roman Emperor is lifted

References

External links

Persondata
NAMEMarshall, Barry
ALTERNATIVE NAMES
SHORT DESCRIPTIONNobel Prize winner, and Professor of Clinical Microbiology
DATE OF BIRTH30 September 1951
PLACE OF BIRTHKalgoorlie, Western Australia
DATE OF DEATH
PLACE OF DEATH
The Nobel Prize (Nobelpriset (Nobelprisen is a Swedish prize established in the 1895 will of Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel; it was first awarded in Peace, Literature Events 1399 - Henry IV is proclaimed King of England. 1744 - France and Spain defeat the Year 1951 ( MCMLI) was a Common year starting on Monday. Events of 1951 January Western Australia is a state occupying the entire western third of the Australian continent.
© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
 Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic