Bandung
The Pasupati Bridge on top of resident houses.
Flag Seal
Nickname: Kota Kembang (City of Flowers)
Motto: Bermartabat ('dignity')
Bandung Location of Bandung in Indonesia
Coordinates: 6°57′S 107°34′E / -6.95, 107.567
Country	Indonesia
Province	West Java
Government
- Mayor	Dada Rosada
Area
- Total	167. A nickname is a Name of an entity or thing that is not its Proper name. A motto (from the Italian word motto, meaning witticism sentence is a phrase meant to formally describe the general motivation or intention of a social group The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. West Java (Jawa Barat with population around 3572 million is the most populous province of Indonesia, located on Java Island. Dada Rosada or "Kang Dada" popular names of H Dada Rosada SH Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 67 km² (64. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 74 sq mi)
Elevation	768 m (2,520 ft)
Population (2004)
- Total	2,510,982
- Density	14,976/km² (5,782/sq mi)
Time zone	WIB (UTC+7)
Website: www.bandung.go.id

Bandung (pronounced [bʌndʊŋ]) is the capital of West Java province in Indonesia, and the country's fourth largest city. The square mile is an imperial and US unit of Area equal the area of a square of one statute mile. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume In Indonesia, the keeping of standard time is divided into three Time zones Indonesian Western Standard Time ( Indonesian: Waktu Indonesia UTC+7 is a Time zone used in Laos Thailand Cambodia Vietnam West Java (Jawa Barat with population around 3572 million is the most populous province of Indonesia, located on Java Island. The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. Located 768 m (2,520 ft) above sea level, Bandung has relatively year-around cooler temperature than most other Indonesian cities. The term above mean sea level ( AMSL) refers to the Elevation (on the ground or Altitude (in the Air) of any object relative to the This is a list of cities in Indonesia, by major island or region Java and Bali The city lies on a river basin and surrounded by volcanic mountains. A drainage basin is an extent of Land where Water from Rain or Snow melt drains downhill into a body of water such as a River, Plate tectonics and hotspots Divergent plate boundaries At the This topology provides the city with a good natural defense system, which was the primary reason of Dutch East Indies government's plan to move the colony capital from Batavia to Bandung. See http//enwikipediaorg/wiki/WikipediaFootnotes for an explanation of how to generate footnotes using the tags and the template below

The Dutch colonials first opened tea plantantions around the mountains in the eighteenth century, followed by a road construction connecting the plantation area to the capital (180 km or 112 miles to the northwest). The European inhabitants of the city demanded the establishment of a municipality (gemeente), which was granted in 1906 and Bandung gradually developed itself into a resort city for the plantation owners. Luxurious hotels, restaurants, cafes and European boutiques were opened of which the city was dubbed as Parijs van Java.

After Indonesian independence, the city experienced a rapid development and urbanization that has transformed Bandung from idyllic town into a dense 15,000 people/km² metropolitan area, a living space for over 2 million people. The Indonesian Declaration of Independence was officially proclaimed at 10 Natural resources have been exploited excessively, particularly in the conversions of protected upland area into highland villa and real estates. Although the city has encountered many problems, ranging from waste disposal, floods to chaotic traffic system, Bandung however still has its charm to attract people flocking into the city, either as weekend travellers or living in.

Geography

Mount Tangkuban Perahu

Bandung, the capital of West Java province, located about 180 km (112 miles) southeast of Jakarta, is the fourth largest city in Indonesia ^[1] with over 2. West Java (Jawa Barat with population around 3572 million is the most populous province of Indonesia, located on Java Island. Jakarta (also DKI Jakarta) is the Capital and largest city of Indonesia. 6 million population in 2006 and over 6. 7 million people on the greater Bandung regency & metropolitan area. It's rated the fastest growing city / urban region in Indonesia ^[2]. Its elevation is 768 metres (2,520 ft) above sea level and is surrounded by up to 2,400 m (7,874 ft) high Late Tertiary and Quarternary volcanic terrain. The term above mean sea level ( AMSL) refers to the Elevation (on the ground or Altitude (in the Air) of any object relative to the The chuprichondira geological time interval covers roughly the time span between the demise of the non- avian Dinosaurs and beginning of the most recent Ice Age, approximately Overview The term Quaternary ("fourth" was proposed by Giovanni Arduino in 1759 for alluvial deposits in the Po river valley in northern ^[3] The 400 km² flat of central Bandung plain is situated in the middle of 2,340. 88 km² wide of the Bandung Basin; the basin comprises Bandung, the Cimahi satellite city, part of Bandung Regency, and part of Sumedang Regency. A drainage basin is an extent of Land where Water from Rain or Snow melt drains downhill into a body of water such as a River, Cimahi is a City located west of Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. Bandung Regency ( Kabupaten Bandung) is the suburban area surrounding the city of Bandung. Sumedang Regency is a regency (kabupaten of West Java, Indonesia. ^[4] The basin's main river is the Citarum; one of its branches, the Cikapundung, divides Bandung from north to south before it merges with Citarum again in Karawang. Citarum (Walungan Citarum is a River in West Java, Indonesia. Karawang is the capital of the Karawang Regency of West Java, Indonesia. The Bandung Basin is an important source of water for drinking water, irrigation and fisheries, and its 6,147 million m³ of groundwater is a major reservoir for the city. ^[4]

The northern part of the city is hillier than the rest; the distinguished truncated flat-peak shape of the Tangkuban Perahu volcano (Tangkuban Perahu literally means 'up-turned boat') can be seen from the city to the north. Tangkuban Perahu, or Tangkuban P a rahu in local Sundanese dialect is an active volcano 30 km north of the city of Bandung, the provincial capital of Long-term volcanic activity has created fertile andisol soil in the north, suitable for intensive rice, fruit, tea, tobacco and coffee plantations. In USA soil taxonomy, Andisols are Soils formed in Volcanic ash and defined as soils containing high proportions of glass and amorphous colloidal materials Rice is a Cereal foodstuff which forms an important part of the diet of many people worldwide and as such it is a staple food for many The term fruit has different meanings dependent on context and the term is not synonymous in Food preparation and Biology. Tea refers to the cured agricultural product of the leaves leaf buds and internodes of Camellia sinensis, which have been prepared and cured for the market Tobacco is an Agricultural product recognized as an addictive drug processed from the fresh Leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana. CoFFEE is an Open source Software for computer supported collaborative learning (CSCL in a digital classroom In the south and east, alluvial soils deposited by the Cikapundung river are mostly found. Alluvium (from the Latin, alluvius, from alluere, "to wash against" is Soil or Sediments deposited by a river or other running

Geological data shows that the Bandung Basin is located on an ancient volcano, known as Mount Sunda, erected up to 3,000–4,000 metres (9,850–13,100 ft) during the Pleistocene age. The Pleistocene ('plaɪstəsin is the epoch from 18 million to 10000 years BP covering the world's recent period ^[5] Two large scale eruptions took place; the first formed the basin and the other (est. 55,000 Before Present) blocked the Citarum river, turning the basin into a lake known as "the Great Lake of Bandung". Before Present (BP years are a time scale used in Archaeology, Geology, and other scientific disciplines to specify when events in the past occurred ^[6] The lake drained away; the reason for which is the subject of ongoing debate among geologists. ^[7][8]

Due to its elevation, the climate in Bandung is cooler than most Indonesian cities and can be classified as humid; the average temperature is 23. This is a list of cities in Indonesia, by major island or region Java and Bali Humidity is the amount of water vapor in the air In daily language the term "humidity" is normally taken to mean Relative humidity. 6 °C (74. 5 °F) throughout the year. ^[9] The average annual rainfall ranges from 1,000 millimetres in the central and southeast regions to 3,500 millimetres in the north of the city. ^[4] The wet season conforms with other Indonesian regions, around November to April. A wet season or rainy season is a Season in which the average Rainfall in a region is significantly increased

History

Main article: History of Bandung

The Dutch-built Gedung Sate

The Historical Asia-Afrika Street, Bandung

The earliest reference to the city dates back to 1488, but archaeological findings suggest a type of Homo erectus species had lived on the banks of the Cikapundung River and around the old lake of Bandung. This article details the history of Bandung from the first settlement until the 21st century Gedung Sate, is a neo-classical building mixed with native elements that now serves as the governor's office of the West Java province in Indonesia. Homo erectus ( Latin: "upright man" is an extinct species of the genus Homo, believed to have been the first hominin ^[10] During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the Dutch East Indies Company (VOC) opened plantations in the Bandung area. As a means of recording the passage of Time, the 17th Century was that Century which lasted from 1601 - 1700 in the Gregorian calendar The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system The Dutch East India Company ( Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie or VOC in old-spelling Dutch, literally "United East Indian A supply road connecting Batavia (now Jakarta), Bogor, Cianjur, Bandung, Sumedang and Cirebon was built in 1786. Jakarta (also DKI Jakarta) is the Capital and largest city of Indonesia. Bogor is a city in West Java with a population of approximately 800000 people in the CBD area and 2000000 in suburban area bringing a total of 3 million population Cianjur is a city in the West Java province of Indonesia, the capital of Cianjur Regency. Sumedang is a town in West Java, Indonesia, approximately 35 km northeast of Bandung. Cirebon (formerly referred to as Cheribon in English is a City on the north coast of the Indonesian island of Java. In 1809, Louis Napoleon, the ruler of the Kingdom of the Netherlands and its colonies, ordered the Dutch Indies Governor H.W. Daendels to increase the defensive systems of Java against the British from India. Napoléon III, also known as Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (full name Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte) (20 April 1808 9 January 1873 was the first President The Netherlands and The Kingdom of the Netherlands are two distinct geographical and administrative entities Herman Willem Daendels ( Hattem ( Netherlands) October 21 1762 &ndash St Java (Jawa is an Island of Indonesia and the site of its Capital city Jakarta. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Daendels built a road, stretching approximately 1,000 km (621 miles) from the west to the east coast of Java, and passing through Bandung. ^[11][12] In 1810, the road was laid down in Bandung and was named De Groote Postweg (or the 'main post road'), the present-day site of Asia-Afrika Street. Under Daendels' orders, R. A. Wiranatakusumah II, the chief administration of the Bandung regency at that time, moved its office from Krapyak, in the south, to a place near a pair of holy city wells (sumur Bandung), the present-day site of the city square (alun-alun). He built his dalem (palace), masjid agung (the grand mosque) and pendopo (public-official meeting place) in the classical orientation. ^[13] The pendopo faces Tangkuban Perahu mountain, which was believed to have a mystical ambience. Tangkuban Perahu, or Tangkuban P a rahu in local Sundanese dialect is an active volcano 30 km north of the city of Bandung, the provincial capital of

In 1880, the first major railroad between Batavia and Bandung was built,^[14] boosting light industry in Bandung. Chinese who had previously never lived in the city flocked to help run facilities, services and selling vendor machines. The old Chinatown district in Bandung is still recognisable in the railroad station vicinity. In 1906, Bandung was given the status of gemeente (municipality) and then later as stadsgemeente (city municipality) in 1926.

In the beginning of the 1920s, the Dutch East Indies government made plans to move the capital of Dutch East Indies from Batavia to Bandung. Accordingly, during this decade, the Dutch colonial government started building military barracks, the central government building (Gouvernments Bedrijven, the present-day Gedung Sate) and other government buildings. Gedung Sate, is a neo-classical building mixed with native elements that now serves as the governor's office of the West Java province in Indonesia. This plan, however, was cut short by World War II after which the Dutch were not able to re-established their colony. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including

The fertile area of the Parahyangan Mountains surrounding Bandung supports productive tea plantations. Tea refers to the cured agricultural product of the leaves leaf buds and internodes of Camellia sinensis, which have been prepared and cured for the market In the nineteenth century, Franz Junghuhn introduced the cinchona (kina) plant. The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar Friedrich Franz Wilhelm Junghuhn (October 26 1809 in Mansfeld, Germany – April 24 1864 in Lembang, Bandung, West Java) was a Cinchona is a Genus of about 25 Species in the family Rubiaceae, native to tropical South America. ^[15] With its cooler elevated landscape, surrounded by major plantations, Bandung became an exclusive European resort area. ^[16] Rich plantation owners visited the city on weekends, attracting girls and businessmen from the capital, Batavia. Braga Street grew into a promenade street with cafes, restaurants and boutique shops. Braga Street (official name in Indonesian: Jalan Braga) is a small street in the center of Bandung, Indonesia, which was famous in the 1920s Two art-deco style hotels, Savoy Homann and Preanger, were built in the vicinity of the Concordia Society, a club house for the wealthy with a large ballroom and a theatre. ^[14] The nickname "Parijs van Java" was given to the city.

Gedung Merdeka during the Asian-African Conference in 1955

After the Indonesian Independence in 1945, Bandung was determined as the capital of West Java province. The Indonesian Declaration of Independence was officially proclaimed at 10 West Java (Jawa Barat with population around 3572 million is the most populous province of Indonesia, located on Java Island. During the 1945–1949 independence struggle against the Dutch when they wanted to reclaim their colonies, Bandung was one of the heaviest battle places. Timeline of the Indonesian National RevolutionThe Indonesian National Revolution or Indonesian War of Independence was an armed conflict and diplomatic struggle between The Dutch military commander set an ultimatum for the Indonesian combatants in Bandung to leave the city. In response, on 24 March 1946, much of the southern part of Bandung was deliberately set alight as the combatants left; an event known as the Bandung Lautan Api or 'Bandung Sea of Flame'. Events 1401 - Mongol emperor Timur sacks Damascus. 1603 - James VI of Scotland Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. ^[17]

In 1955, the first Asian-African Conference was held in Bandung, attended by head of states representing twenty-nine countries and colonies from Asia and Africa. The first large-scale Asian-African or Afro-Asian Conference — also known as the Bandung Conference — was a meeting of Asian and African states most of which The conference venue was at the Gedung Merdeka, the former Concordia Society building. The conference announced 10 points of declaration on world peace promotion and oppositions against colonialism, known as the Declaration of Bandung, which followed by wave of nationalism movements around the globe and remapped the world politics. ^[18] The conference was also the first international conference of colored people in the history of mankind. ^[19] Richard Wright in his book, The Color Curtain, captured the epic meanings of the conference for people of color around the world. Richard Wright may refer to Richard Wright (musician (1943–2008 also known as Rick Wright founding member of Pink Floyd Richard B ^[19] Even black freedom movement activists in the United States referred Bandung as Afro-Asian solidarity in 1960s. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the ^[20]

In 1987, the city boundary was expanded with the Greater Bandung (Bandung Raya) plan; a relocation of higher concentration development outside the city in an attempt to dilute some of population in the old city. During its development, however, the city core is often uprooted, old faces are torn down, lot sizes regrouped, and what was idyllic residence is bustling chain supermarkets and rich banks. ^[16]

Administration

List of Mayors
Dutch-Indies
E. A. Maurenbrecher (exofficio)	1906-1907
R. E. Krijboom (exofficio)	1907-1908
J. A. van Der Ent (exofficio)	1909-1910
J. J. Verwijk (exofficio)	1910-1912
C. C. B. van Vlenier (exofficio)	1912-1913
B. van Bijveld (exofficio)	1913-1920
B. Coops	1920-1921
S. A. Reitsma	1921-1928
B. Coops	1928-1934
Ir. J. E. A. van Volsorgen Kuhr	1934-1936
Mr. J. M. Wesselink	1936-1942
N. Beets	1942-1942
Japanese Occupation
Raden A. Atma dit Nata	1942-1945
Indonesia
Ir. Ukar Bratakusumah	1946-1949
R. Enoch	1949-1956
R. Priatna Kusumah	1956-1966
R. Didi Jukardi	1966-1968
Hidayat Sukarmadijaya	1968-1971
R. Otje Djundjunan	1971-1976
Ucu Junaedi	1976-1978
R. Husein Wangsaatmaja	1978-1983
Ateng Wahyudi	1983-1993
Wahyu Hamidjaja	1993-1998
Aa Tarmana	1998-2003
Dada Rosada	2003-. Ateng Wahyudi (born in Bandung, March 16, 1936) was the mayor of Bandung, Central Java, Indonesia. Aa Tarmana was the mayor of Bandung from 1998 to 2004 He was the front-runner for a reelection but overnight the second-level parliement elected Dada Rosada instead Dada Rosada or "Kang Dada" popular names of H Dada Rosada SH . .
Source: official website[21]

The city area in 1906 was only 19. 22 square kilometres and it has been expanded several times until the 1987 expansion into 167. 2965 km². ^[9] The city administration is divided into 26 subdistricts (kecamatan) and 139 villages (kelurahan). A Subdistrict ( kecamatan) is a subdivision of a regency ( kabupaten) or city ( kota) in Indonesia. The village (desa is the lowest level of government administration in Indonesia. A mayor (walikota) leads the city administration. Since 2005, the city residents directly voted for a mayor, while previously mayors were nominated and selected by the city council members or known as the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD). As of 2003, the total number of city administration personnel, including the mayor, is 20,163. ^[9]

Demographics

Most of Bandung population are of Sundanese descent. Javanese is largest minority, from nearby provinces and eastern part of Java. Notable minorities include Chinese Indonesians, Indian Indonesians, and Korean Indonesians. ^[22]

Architecture

See also: Indonesian architecture

Institut Teknologi Bandung. Indonesian architecture reflects the diversity of cultural, historical and geographic influences that have shaped Indonesia as a whole Bandung Institute of Technology ( ITB) (Institut Teknologi Bandung is a state Coeducational Research university located in Bandung, Ceremonial Hall by architect Henri Maclaine-Pont

Bandung is renowned for its large stock of Dutch colonial architecture; most notably the tropical Art Deco architectural style. Art Deco was a popular international design movement from 1925 until 1939 affecting the decorative arts such as Architecture, Interior design, and Industrial Henri Maclaine-Pont is among the first Dutch architects who realized how important to combine each architectural style with culture of local people. He stressed that modern architecture should be evolved from local history and native elements. ^[23] In 1920, Pont planned and designed buildings for the first technical university in the Dutch East Indies, Technische Hogeschool te Bandung (the present-day Institut Teknologi Bandung), after which he was named as a professor in architecture at the university. See http//enwikipediaorg/wiki/WikipediaFootnotes for an explanation of how to generate footnotes using the tags and the template below Bandung Institute of Technology ( ITB) (Institut Teknologi Bandung is a state Coeducational Research university located in Bandung, A striking local Javanese roof style is noticeably seen on top of the campus' ceremonial hall, embedded in his artwork. ^[23]

Bandung Cathedral

In the same year, another Dutch architect, J Gerber, designed Gouverments Bedrijven (Government Companies) in line with the colonial government plan to move the capital from Batavia to Bandung. This article is about the history and organisation of the cathedral The building is an example of harmonical mixture between West and East architectural styles, particularly the Italian Renaissance style of arch structures in the west wing and Thailand's pagoda-like structures in the middle section. An arch is a structure that spans a space while supporting weight (e The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj A pagoda is the general term in the English language for a tiered Tower with multiple Eaves common in China, Japan, Korea The building is known as Gedung Sate, named after the distinguished small satay shaped structure on the roof, and used as the head office of West Java provincial government and West Java's house of representative. Gedung Sate, is a neo-classical building mixed with native elements that now serves as the governor's office of the West Java province in Indonesia. Satay or sate is a dish consisting of chunks or slices of dice-sized Meat ( Chicken, Goat, Mutton, Beef, Pork West Java (Jawa Barat with population around 3572 million is the most populous province of Indonesia, located on Java Island.

The modern and native architectural blending was followed by several Dutch architects that have shaped the city landmarks. In the 1930s, Bandung was known also as the city of architecture laboratory because of many Dutch architects made some experiments with new architectural designs. Albert Aalbers added the expressionist architecture style to the Art Deco by designing the DENIS bank (1936) and renovated the Savoy Homann Hotel (1939). Albert Frederik Aalbers ( December 13 1897 &ndash1961 was a Dutch Architect who created elegant villas hotels and office buildings in Bandung Expressionist architecture was an architectural movement that developed in Europe during the first decades of the 20th century in parallel with the expressionist C. P. W. Schoemaker was one of celebrated architects who strongly added native elements in his artworks, including the Villa Isola (1932), Hotel Preanger (1929), the regional military headquarter (1918), Gedung Merdeka (1921) and ITB Rectorate Building (1925). Villa Isola (now Bumi Siliwangi) is an Art-deco building in the northern part of Bandung, the capital of West Java province of Indonesia ^[23]

Culture

Angklung

Bandung is the capital of West Java, a province of which most of its residents are mainly Sundanese people. Angklung is a musical instrument made out of two Bamboo tubes attached to a bamboo frame Not to be confused with Sudanese people The Sundanese are an ethnic group native to the western part of the Indonesian island of Java. Sundanese language is spoken a second language after Indonesian and it is commonly used as an informal language for communication in streets and markets. Sundanese ( Basa Sunda, literally "language of Sunda " is the Language of about 27 million people from the western third of Java Indonesian or Bahasa Indonesia, based on the Riau version of Malay language, was declared the official language with the declaration of

A popular traditional musical instrument is angklung, made of parallel bamboo tubes tuned to specific frequencies with a hammer and is shaken to produce certain notes. Angklung is a musical instrument made out of two Bamboo tubes attached to a bamboo frame Music is performed by a choir of angklung players, each of whom are responsible for sounding certain notes. Its melody is only slightly different from that of Central Java's gamelan ensembles. A gamelan is a musical ensemble of Indonesia typically featuring a variety of instruments such as metallophones xylophones drums and gongs bamboo flutes bowed and

Tourism industry

Bandung has served for popular weekend-break destination for people living in Jakarta for many reasons. Jakarta (also DKI Jakarta) is the Capital and largest city of Indonesia. The cooler climate of highland plantation area, the varieties of food, the cheaper fashion shops located in factory outlets and distros, golf courses, and the friendliness of local people have become the main attraction of the city. ^[24]

Denim store, Cihampelas Street

In the 1990s, local designers opened denim clothing stores along Cihampelas Street which gave Bandung another nickname, the "Tourist Shopping City" (Kota Wisata Belanja). Denim is a rugged Cotton Twill Textile, in which the Weft passes under two ( twi- "double" or more warp fibers The 1990s collectively refers to the years between and including 1990 and 1999 It was a success as the-then residential street had been fully transformed into a "jeans street". The city attracts people from other big cities to buy local fashion wears, as they are cheaper than branded items. ^[25]

The Martabak

The city gained more shoppers to come when textile factories in the outskirt of Bandung opened a fashion store that sells their products directly from the factory. Murtabak or Mutabbaq ( is a dish which is commonly found in Saudi Arabia (especially the Hejaz region Yemen, Indonesia, Malaysia A textile is a flexible material comprised of a network of natural or artificial Fibres often referred to as thread or Yarn. The products are tagged as sisa export (rejected or over-produced export quality items) and these shops are called factory outlets. The trend was followed by another factory outlets. ^[26]

Sports

Bandung is the home town of the soccer team Persib Bandung. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Persib (acronym for Persatuan Sepakbola Indonesia Bandung) is an Indonesian Soccer club located in Bandung, West Java. Another soccer team Persikab is based in neighbouring city of Cimahi, part of Bandung Regency. Cimahi is a City located west of Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. The most popular football stadium is Siliwangi Stadium. Siliwangi Stadium is a multi-purpose Stadium in Bandung, Indonesia.

Other popular sports in Bandung include badminton (see Taufik Hidayat, gold medal winner at the 2004 Summer Olympics) and basketball. Badminton is a racquet sport played by either two opposing players (singles or two opposing pairs (doubles who take positions on opposite halves of a rectangular court Taufik Hidayat (In Chinese陶菲克 (born August 10, 1981, Bandung, Jawa Barat, Indonesia) is an Indonesian Badminton The 2004 Summer Olympic Games, officially known as the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad, was an International Multi-sport event which was celebrated Basketball is a team Sport in which two teams of five active players each try to score points against one another by propelling a ball through a 10 feet (3 m The roads leading up to Lembang and Dago are popular routes for mountain cycling during the weekend. Cycling is the use of Bicycles or - less commonly - Unicycles Tricycles Quadricycles and other similar wheeled Human powered vehicles In the hillside around Bandung, there are a couple of golf courses.

Transport

Bandung can be accessed through 3 highways from Jakarta. An intercity toll highway, named as Cipularang toll road, connecting Jakarta, Karawang, Purwakarta, Padalarang and Bandung, has recently been completed in May 2005. A toll road, (also known as a tollway, turnpike, pike, or toll highway, especially if it is constructed to Freeway standards Jakarta (also DKI Jakarta) is the Capital and largest city of Indonesia. Karawang is the capital of the Karawang Regency of West Java, Indonesia. Purwakarta is the capital of the Purwakarta Regency of West Java, Indonesia. It is currently the fastest way to go to Bandung from the capital. Driving time is about 1. 5 hours on average. There are 2 other options: the Puncak route (Jakarta-Cianjur/Sukabumi-Bandung) or the Subang route (Jakarta-Cikampek-Subang-Lembang-Bandung). Cianjur is a city in the West Java province of Indonesia, the capital of Cianjur Regency. Sukabumi is a city and regency in the highlands of West Java, Indonesia, about 80 km (50 miles south of the national capital Jakarta. Cikampek is a subdistrict ( kecamatan) of Karawang Regency, West Java, Indonesia. Subang may refer to several places Indonesia Subang Indonesia, a city in West Java Subang Regency, a regency of West Java From eastern part of the cities (Cirebon, Tasikmalaya and Central Java province), Bandung can be accessed through the main provincial road. Cirebon (formerly referred to as Cheribon in English is a City on the north coast of the Indonesian island of Java. Tasikmalaya is a city and regency in southeastern West Java, Indonesia, between Bandung and Purwokerto on the southerly of the two Central Java ( Provinsi Jawa Tengah) is a province of Indonesia.

The Pasupati bridge recently opened to the public, relieving traffic jams in the city for east-west transport. The 2. 8 km cable-stayed bridge lies through the valley of Cikapundung. A It is 30 to 60 metres wide and after extensive delays, its construction finally completed in June 2005, following financial investment from Kuwait. The State of Kuwait ( دولة الكويت IPA [dawlatt̪ alkuwajt̪]) is a sovereign Arab Emirate on the coast of the Persian Gulf, enclosed ^[27] The bridge is part of Bandung's comprehensive inner-city highways plan.

Taxis are widely available. A taxicab, also taxi or cab, is a type of Public transport for a single passenger or small group of passengers typically for a non-shared ride The primary means of public transportation is by minibus, called angkot (from angkutan=transportation and kota=city). They serve certain routes throughout the city and are operated privately. To find exact angkot routes, information are available through the drivers or at terminals. City-owned buses, called DAMRI, operates on larger relatively long routes. Bandung has 2 intercity bus terminals: Leuwipanjang, serving buses from the west, and Cicaheum, serving buses from the east.

Bandung Husein Sastranegara International Airport serves direct flights to Batam, Surabaya, Yogyakarta, Denpasar, Palembang and Padang and also international services from Kuala Lumpur. Husein Sastranegara International Airport (Bandar Udara Internasional Husein Sastranegara is an airport in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. The Batam island in Riau Islands Province of Indonesia, known for its free trade zone area as part of the Sijori Growth Triangle, is located 20 km Surabaya (formerly spelled as Soerabaja) is Indonesia 's second-largest city, and the capital of the province of East Java. The Special Region of Yogyakarta ( Indonesian: Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, or DIY) is the smallest province of Indonesia (excluding Denpasar is the capital city of the province of Bali, Indonesia. Palembang is a city of 1286000 in the south of the Indonesian island of Sumatra. Kuala Lumpur (ˈkwɑːləlʊmˈpʊər Malay /kwɑlɑlʊmpʊ/ and locally /kwɑləlʊmpɔ/ or even /kɔlɔmpɔ/ or often abbreviated as K The airport is located nearby the Dirgantara aerospace complex and Dirgantara Fairground.

Railway connects Bandung to Jakarta, Purwakarta, Bekasi, Karawang and Cikampek to the west, and Surabaya, Yogyakarta and Solo to the east. Jakarta (also DKI Jakarta) is the Capital and largest city of Indonesia. Purwakarta is the capital of the Purwakarta Regency of West Java, Indonesia. Bekasi is a growing city in Indonesia, located in the east of Jakarta in the Jabotabek region Karawang is the capital of the Karawang Regency of West Java, Indonesia. Cikampek is a subdistrict ( kecamatan) of Karawang Regency, West Java, Indonesia. Surabaya (formerly spelled as Soerabaja) is Indonesia 's second-largest city, and the capital of the province of East Java. The Special Region of Yogyakarta ( Indonesian: Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, or DIY) is the smallest province of Indonesia (excluding Surakarta (colloquially Solo) is an Indonesian city of approximately 500000 people located in Central Java. It is also the major means of transportation for people living in suburb areas of Cimahi, Padalarang, Rancaekek, Cicalengka and Cileunyi. Cimahi is a City located west of Bandung, West Java, Indonesia.

Science and education

There are hundreds of public and private schools in Bandung. Like in other Indonesian cities, Bandung has several state-funded and administered junior high and high schools, called State Junior High Schools (SMPN) and State High Schools (SMA), respectively. At least sixteen universities — three of which are state-owned universities — and 45 professional schools are scattered throughout the city. A vocational university (professional university or college of higher vocational studies is an institution of Higher education and sometimes Research, which Education from social sciences, technology until tourism education can be found in one of those universities. The Institut Teknologi Bandung is the oldest technical university in Indonesia having been established since 1920, and the Universitas Padjadjaran is the best university that West Java owned and also one of the most prestigious universities in Indonesia. Bandung Institute of Technology ( ITB) (Institut Teknologi Bandung is a state Coeducational Research university located in Bandung, Year 1920 ( MCMXX) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display 1920 of the Gregorian calendar Universitas Padjadjaran (Padjadjaran University or UNPAD is an institution of higher learning located in Bandung, which is the provincial capital of West Java And both institutions are located close to each other at the Dago Area.

In the north of Bandung, Bosscha Observatory has been the only and the oldest observatory in Indonesia. Bosscha Observatory is the oldest Observatory in Indonesia. The observatory is located in Lembang, West Java, approximately north of An observatory is a location used for observing terrestrial and/or celestial events Construction of the observatory began in 1923 and was completed in 1928. In 1922, the first international publication from Bosscha Observatory was published and in 1959, the observatory was included as a part of the department of astronomy in the Institut Teknologi Bandung. Astronomy (from the Greek words astron (ἄστρον "star" and nomos (νόμος "law" is the scientific study

Economy

Fresh products at a market in Bandung

Bandung economy is mainly built upon tourism, manufacturing, textile/apparel, education institutions, technology, retail, services, financial, pharmaceutical, food, among others. Those are the major investments and most popular fields/industries being sought here. ^[28]

Bandung has nearly 50 higher educational institutions and is among the most popular destination for education in Indonesia. Creative-based culture has shaped the basis of Bandung economy. The once quiet residential district of Dago has become an important business and entertainment centre. Chic cafes and restaurants are spreading out along Dago Street. In the early 1990s Cihampelas Street became a popular clothing store location.

The distro sell stylish non-trademarked products, made by local designers. Books, indie label records, magazines, fashion products and other accessories are typical distro products. After their products receive large teenagers attention, then these local designers make their own clothing company. Now, there are more than 200 local brand names in Bandung. Distro distance itself from factory outlet in term of its philosophy. Distros come from individual designers and young entrepreneurs, while factory outlet products come from a garment factory. ^[29]

Environmental issues

A mountain of trash at Pagarsih Street

The north of the city serves as a water reservoir for Bandung's 2 million people, however, the area has seen much residential development. A reservoir is most broadly a place or hollow vessel where Fluid is kept in Reserve, for later use Several attempts to reserve this area have been made, including the creation of reserves, such as the Juanda National Park and Puncrut, but the development continues. The real danger has come in the form of several floodings in Bandung's south. ^[30]

In the middle of 2006, Bandung faced another environmental disaster, as the city's land fill site was reevaluated after a landslide in 2005. A landslide is a geological phenomenon which includes a wide range of ground movement such as rock falls deep failure of slopes and shallow debris flows which can occur ^[31] Collection of 8,000 m3/day domestic garbage piled up, causing air pollution, spreading of diseases, and water contamination. Air pollution is the human introduction into the atmosphere of Chemicals Particulate matter, or Biological materials that cause harm or discomfort The provincial government eventually stepped in to solve the garbage issues. ^[32][33]

Sister Cities

Bandung has sister relationships with a number of towns worldwide:

• Cebu, Philippines
• Brunswick, Germany
• Fort Worth, USA
• Suwon, South Korea
• Hamamatsu, Japan
• Bari, Italy

Awards

• The Dirtiest of Indonesia's metropolitan areas. The City of Cebu ( Cebuano: Dakbayan sa Sugbo, Filipino: Lungsod ng Cebu) is the capital of The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP Braunschweig, known as Brunswiek in Low German, is a city of 245810 people (as of 31 December 2007 located in Lower Saxony, Germany. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Fort Worth is the fifth-largest city in the state of Texas and the seventeenth-largest city in the United States. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Suwon ( Suwon-si) is the provincial capital of Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː is a city located in western Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan, and is the largest city in the prefecture For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Japan topics. Bari ( Barium in Latin, Bàrion or Vàrion in Greek, Bare in Neapolitan Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest ^[34]
• 1997: Adipura Award — for the achievement of the most beautiful city in Indonesia.

The Adipura consists of a trophy and an award.

Panoramic view over Bandung from the northern hills.

Downtown Bandung North View

Crossing Braga street

See also

• List of radio stations in Bandung, Indonesia

References

External links

• Official site
• Official tourism site
• Bandung travel guide from Wikitravel
• Bandung Heritage Society

• Bandung is at coordinates 6°54′39″S 107°36′32″E / -6.9107, 107.6089 (Bandung)Coordinates: 6°54′39″S 107°36′32″E / -6.9107, 107.6089 (Bandung)

v • d • e Administrative areas in West Java
Cities: Bogor | Sukabumi | Bandung | Cirebon | Bekasi | Depok | Tasikmalaya | Banjar | Cimahi Regencies: Bogor | Sukabumi | Cianjur | Bandung | Garut | Tasikmalaya | Ciamis | Kuningan | Cirebon | Majalengka | Sumedang | Indramayu | Subang | Purwakarta | Karawang | Bekasi
See also: Provinces of Indonesia