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Baden is a historical state in the southwest of Germany, on the right bank of the Rhine[1]. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The Rhine (Rhein Rijn Rhin Reno Rain Rhenus is one of the longest and most important Rivers in Europe at 1320 kilometres (820 mi with an average discharge
It came into existence in the 12th century as the Margraviate of Baden and subsequently split into different lines, which were unified in 1771. Margrave (marchio is the English and French form (recorded since 1551 of the German Title Markgraf (from Mark " It became the much-enlarged Grand Duchy of Baden through the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1803–06 and remained a sovereign country until it joined the German Empire in 1871, remaining a Grand Duchy until 1918 when it became part of the Weimar Republic as the Republic of Baden. The Grand Duchy of Baden (Großherzogtum Baden was a historical state in the southwest of Germany, on the right bank of the Rhine. The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in The German Empire is the name commonly used in English to describe Germany from 1871 to 1918 when it was a semi- Constitutional monarchy: beginning with the Unification The term Weimar Republic ( ˈvaɪmarɐ repuˈbliːk is used by historians to signify the democratic and Republican period of Germany from 1919 to 1933 The Republic of Baden (Republik Baden was a state of Germany during the time of the Weimar Republic, formed after the abolition of the Grand Duchy of Baden Baden was bounded to the north by the Kingdom of Bavaria and the Grand Duchy of Hessen-Darmstadt; to the west and practically throughout its whole length by the River Rhine, which separated it from the Bavarian Rhenish Palatinate and Alsace in modern France ; to the south by Switzerland, and to the east by the Kingdom of Württemberg, the Principality of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen and partly by Bavaria. Bavaria ( German:, with an area of 70553 Km² (27241 square miles and almost 12 The Grand Duchy of Hesse (Großherzogtum Hessen was a former state that existed in modern-day Germany. The Rhine (Rhein Rijn Rhin Reno Rain Rhenus is one of the longest and most important Rivers in Europe at 1320 kilometres (820 mi with an average discharge Bavaria ( German:, with an area of 70553 Km² (27241 square miles and almost 12 The Palatinate (Pfalz Pfälzer dialect Palz) historically also Rhenish Palatinate (palatinatum Renensis Rheinpfalz is a region in south-western Germany Alsace (Alsace alzas Alsatian and Elsass pre-1996 German: Elsaß; Alsatia is one of the 26 Regions of France, located on the eastern This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation Württemberg, formerly known as Wirtemberg, is an area and a former state in Swabia, a region in southwestern Germany. The House of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen is the Cadet branch of the senior Swabian branch of the Hohenzollern dynasty less known than the Franconian
After World War II in 1945, the French military government created the state of Baden (originally known as "South Baden") out of the southern half of the former Baden, with Freiburg as capital. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including South Baden (Südbaden formed in December 1945 from the southern half of the former Republic of Baden, was a subdivision of the French occupation zone of post- This southern half of Baden was declared in its 1947 constitution to be the true successor of the old Baden. The northern half of the old Baden was combined with northern Württemberg as part of the American military zone and formed the state of Württemberg-Baden. Württemberg, formerly known as Wirtemberg, is an area and a former state in Swabia, a region in southwestern Germany. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Württemberg-Baden is a former state of Federal Republic of Germany. Both states became states of West Germany upon its formation in 1949. West Germany ( Inf German: Westdeutschland or West-Deutschland) was the common English name for the Federal Republic of Germany (
In 1952 Baden merged with Württemberg-Baden and Württemberg-Hohenzollern (southern Württemberg and the former Prussian exclave of Hohenzollern) to form Baden-Württemberg. Württemberg-Hohenzollern is a historical state of West Germany. Prussia ( Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Prūsija Prūsija Prusy Old Prussian: Prūsa) was most recently a historic state Hohenzollern ( Hohenzollernsche Lande in full was a de facto province of the Kingdom of Prussia. Baden-Württemberg is one of the 16 states ( Bundesländer) of the Federal Republic of Germany. This is the only merger of states that has taken place in the history of the Federal Republic of Germany. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe.
The anthem of Baden is called Badnerlied ("song of the people of Baden") and consists of usually four or five traditional verses. The Badnerlied ("Song of the People of Baden" is the unofficial Hymn of the former state of Baden, now part of Baden-Württemberg. However, over the years, many more verses have been added - there are collections with up to 591 verses of the anthem.
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Population
At the beginning of the 19th century, Baden was only a margravate, with an area of barely 1300 sq mi (3,400 km²) and a population of 210,000. Margrave (marchio is the English and French form (recorded since 1551 of the German Title Markgraf (from Mark " Since then, the grand duchy acquired more territory so that, by 1905, it had 5823 sq mi (15,082 km²) and its population is 2,009,320, of whom 60% are Roman Catholics, 37% Protestants, 1. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. 5% Jews, and the remainder of other confessions. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ Of the population about half may have been said, at that time, to be rural, living in communities of less than 2,000, while the density of the rest is about 330 to the sq. mi (127/km²).
The country was divided into the following districts:
- Mannheim district had the towns Mannheim (308,000), and Heidelberg (143,000) (as of 2004)
- Karlsruhe district included Karlsruhe (283,000) and Pforzheim (119,000) (as of 2004)
- Freiburg im Breisgau district included Freiburg (212,000, as of 2004)
- Konstanz district had Konstanz (24,818 as of 1900)
The capital of the duchy was Karlsruhe, and among important towns other than the above, there are Rastatt, Baden-Baden, Bruchsal, Lahr and Offenburg. Mannheim is a City in Germany. With 327318 inhabitants it is the second-largest city in the state of Baden-Württemberg after the capital Stuttgart Mannheim is a City in Germany. With 327318 inhabitants it is the second-largest city in the state of Baden-Württemberg after the capital Stuttgart Heidelberg is a city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. As of 2006 over 140000 people live within the city's area Karlsruhe (ˈkaɐ̯lsʁuːə population 285812 in 2006 is a city in the south west of Germany, in the Bundesland Baden-Württemberg, located near Karlsruhe (ˈkaɐ̯lsʁuːə population 285812 in 2006 is a city in the south west of Germany, in the Bundesland Baden-Württemberg, located near Pforzheim is a town of nearly 119000 inhabitants in the state of Baden-Württemberg, southwest Germany at the gate to the Black Forest. Konstanz (in English formerly known as Constance) is a university town of around 80000 inhabitants at the western end of Lake Constance Konstanz (in English formerly known as Constance) is a university town of around 80000 inhabitants at the western end of Lake Constance Rastatt is a city in the District of Rastatt, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Baden-Baden is a town in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is located on the western foothills of the Black Forest, on the banks of the Oos River Bruchsal (orig Bruohselle Bruaselle is a city at the western edge of the Kraichgau, approximately 20 km Northeast of Karlsruhe in the state of Baden-Württemberg Lahr is a city in western Baden-Württemberg, Germany, approximately 38 km north of Freiburg in Breisgau and 100 km south of Karlsruhe Offenburg is also the German name of Baia de Arieş in Romania The population is most thickly clustered in the north and near the Swiss town of Basel. "Basilia" redirects here For the Fly Genus, see Basilia (fly. The inhabitants of Baden are of various origins, those to the south of Murg being descended from the Alemanni and those to the north from the Franks, while the Swabian Plateau derives its name from the adjacent German tribe (Schwaben) living in Württemberg. For the town in Baden-Württemberg see Murg Germany. The Murg is a right tributary of the Rhine, located in Baden-Württemberg, The Alamanni, Allemanni, or Alemanni were originally an alliance of Germanic tribes located around the upper Main river ( Germany The Franks or Frankish people (Franci or gens Francorum) were West Germanic tribes first identified in the 3rd century as an Ethnic group Swabia, Suabia, or Svebia ( German: Schwaben, Schwabenland or Ländle) is both a historic and linguistic Württemberg, formerly known as Wirtemberg, is an area and a former state in Swabia, a region in southwestern Germany.
Due to the traditional rivalry between the populations of Baden and Württemberg, there was a strong opposition in Baden (predominantly in the South) against the unification of the two initially independent Länder. Württemberg, formerly known as Wirtemberg, is an area and a former state in Swabia, a region in southwestern Germany. Germany (Deutschland is a Federal Republic consisting of sixteen States, known in German as Länder (singular In recent years patriotism in Baden has increased again, mainly due to discontent with the politics of the government in Stuttgart (situated in Württemberg). Stuttgart (ˈʃtʊtgaɐ̯t is the capital of the state of Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany.
Geography
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Grand Duchy of Baden County Palatine of the Rhine (part of Kgdm of Bavaria) Grand Duchy of Hesse Hohenzollern (part of Kgdm of Prussia from 1850) Kingdom of Württemberg
French Empire (Kingdom from 1814–48, etc) Swiss Confederation
The Grand Duchy had an area of 15,081 km² (5,823 sq mi) and consisted of a considerable portion of the eastern half of the fertile valley of the Rhine and of the mountains which form its boundary. Year 1806 ( MDCCCVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar The Palatinate of the Rhine (Pfalzgrafschaft bei Rhein later the Electoral Palatinate (Kurpfalz was a historical territory of the Holy Roman Empire The history of Bavaria stretches from its earliest settlement and its formation as a stem duchy in the 6th century through its inclusion in the Holy Roman Empires The Grand Duchy of Hesse (Großherzogtum Hessen was a former state that existed in modern-day Germany. Hohenzollern ( Hohenzollernsche Lande in full was a de facto province of the Kingdom of Prussia. The Kingdom of Prussia (Königreich Preußen was a German kingdom from 1701 to 1918 and from 1871 was the leading state of the German Empire, comprising For the game see 1850 (board game. 1850 ( MDCCCL) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link History of Württemberg Origins The origin of the name Württemberg remains obscure scholars having universally rejected the once popular derivation from "Wirth The Empire of the French (1804-1814 also known as the Empire of France, Greater French Empire, First French Empire, French Empire, or Following the ousting of Napoleon I of France in 1814 the Allies restored the Bourbon Dynasty to the French throne Year 1814 ( MDCCCXIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1848 ( MDCCCXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation In Geology, a valley (also called a vale, dale, glen or strath and near or in Appalachia, a draw) is The Rhine (Rhein Rijn Rhin Reno Rain Rhenus is one of the longest and most important Rivers in Europe at 1320 kilometres (820 mi with an average discharge A mountain is a Landform that extends above the surrounding Terrain in a limited area with a peak
The mountainous part was by far the most extensive, forming, indeed, nearly 80% of the whole area. From the Lake of Constance in the south to the river Neckar in the north is a portion of the Black Forest (German: Schwarzwald), which is divided by the valley of the Kinzig into two districts of different elevation. Under the designation Lake Constance or Lake of Constance ( German Bodensee) one summarizes the three independent bodies of water Obersee The Neckar is a 367-km long River, mainly flowing through the southwestern state of Baden-Württemberg, but also a short section through Hesse For the suburb of Adelaide, please see Black Forest South Australia; for the CDP in Colorado, please see Black Forest Colorado. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. The Kinzig is a River in southwestern Germany, a right tributary of the Rhine. To the south of the Kinzig the mean height is 945 m (3,100 ft)), and the loftiest summit, the Feldberg, reaches about 1,493 m (4,900 ft), while to the north the mean height is only 640 m (2100 ft), and the Belchen, the culminating point of the whole, does not exceed 1365 m (4480 ft). Feldberg (Black Forest mountain Großer Feldberg and Kleiner Feldberg mountains of the Taunus range Feldberg To the north of the Neckar is the Odenwald Range, with a mean of 439 m (1440 ft), and in the Katzenbuckel, an extreme of 603 m (1980 ft). The Odenwald (ˈoːd(ənvalt is a low mountain range in Hesse, Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg in Germany. Lying between the Rhine and the Dreisam is the Kaiserstuhl, an independent volcanic group, nearly 16 km in length and 8 in breadth, the highest point of which is 536 m (1760 ft). The Kaiserstuhl (literally "emperor's chair" is a small group of hills of mostly volcanic origin in the Upper Rhine Valley in southwest Germany Plate tectonics and hotspots Divergent plate boundaries At the
The greater part of Baden belongs to the basin of the Rhine, which receives upwards of twenty tributaries from the highlands; the north-eastern portion of the territory is also watered by the Main and the Neckar. The Main (maɪn is a River in Germany, 524 km (329 miles long (including White Main 574 km (357 mi and it is one of the more significant tributaries A part, however, of the eastern slope of the Black Forest belongs to the basin of the Danube, which there takes its rise in a number of mountain streams. The Danube (In Donau from earlier Danuvius, Celtic *dānu, meaning "to flow run" Slovak and Polish Dunaj Among the numerous lakes which belonged to the duchy are the Mummelsee, Wildersee, Eichenersee and Schluchsee, but none of them is of any size. The Schluchsee is a reservoir Lake in the district of Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald, southeast of the Titisee in the Black Forest near The Lake Constance (Bodensee) belongs partly to Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria (being German federal states: Länder), furthermore to Austria and Switzerland. Under the designation Lake Constance or Lake of Constance ( German Bodensee) one summarizes the three independent bodies of water Obersee Germany (Deutschland is a Federal Republic consisting of sixteen States, known in German as Länder (singular Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich
Owing to its physical configuration Baden presents great extremes of heat and cold. The Rhine valley is the warmest district in Germany, but the higher elevations of the Black Forest record the greatest degrees of cold experienced in the South. The mean temperature of the Rhine valley is approximately 10°C and that, of the high table-land, 6°C. The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. July is the hottest and January the coldest month.
The mineral wealth of Baden was not great, but iron, coal, lead and zinc of excellent quality were produced, and silver, copper, gold, cobalt, vitriol and sulfur were obtained in small quantities. A mineral is a naturally occurring substance formed through geological processes that has a characteristic chemical composition a highly ordered atomic structure and specific Iron (ˈаɪɚn is a Chemical element with the symbol Fe (ferrum and Atomic number 26 Characteristics Lead has a dull luster and is a dense, Ductile, very soft highly Zinc (ˈzɪŋk from Zink is a Metallic Chemical element with the symbol Zn and Atomic number 30 Silver (ˈsɪlvɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol " Ag " (argentum from the Ancient Greek: ἀργήντος - argēntos gen Copper (ˈkɒpɚ is a Chemical element with the symbol Cu (cuprum and Atomic number 29 Gold (ˈɡoʊld is a Chemical element with the symbol Au (from its Latin name aurum) and Atomic number 79 Cobalt (ˈkoʊbɒlt is a hard lustrous silver-grey Metal, a Chemical element with symbol Co. Sulfuric (or sulphuric acid, H 2 S[[oxygen O]]4 is a strong Mineral acid. Sulfur or sulphur (ˈsʌlfɚ see spelling below) is the Chemical element that has the Atomic number 16 Peat was found in abundance, as well as gypsum, china clay, potter's earth and salt. Peat is an accumulation of partially Decayed Vegetation matter. Gypsum is a very soft Mineral composed of Calcium sulfate dihydrate with the Chemical formula Ca[[sulfur S]] O 4·2 Clay is a naturally occurring material composed primarily of fine-grained Minerals which show plasticity through a variable range of Water content, and Salt is a Dietary mineral composed primarily of Sodium chloride that is essential for Animal life but toxic to most land plants The mineral springs of Baden are still very numerous and have acquired great celebrity, those of Baden-Baden, Badenweiler, Antogast, Griesbach, Friersbach and Peterthal being the most frequented. A spring is a point where Groundwater flows out of the ground and is thus where the Aquifer surface meets the ground surface Baden-Baden is a town in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is located on the western foothills of the Black Forest, on the banks of the Oos River Badenweiler, a Health resort and spa of the Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald district of Baden-Württemberg, Germany, historically in the Markgräflerland Griesbach can refer to People Johann Jakob Griesbach (1745-1812 German biblical textual critic William Antrobus Griesbach
In the valleys the soil is particularly fertile, yielding luxuriant crops of wheat, maize, barley, spelt, rye, beans, potatoes, flax, hemp, hops, beetroot, and tobacco; and even in the more montainous part, rye, wheat and oats are extensively cultivated. Wheat ( Triticum spp is a worldwide cultivated grass from the Levant area of the Middle East. Maize (ˈmeɪz ( Zea mays L. ssp mays) known as corn in some countries is a cereal grain domesticated in Mesoamerica Barley ( Hordeum vulgare) is an annual Cereal Grain, which serves as a major animal Feed crop, with smaller amounts used for Spelt ( Triticum spelta) is a Hexaploid species of Wheat. Spelt was an important staple in parts of Europe from the Bronze Age to medieval times Rye ( Secale cereale) is a grass grown extensively as a grain and forage crop Bean is a common name for large plant Seeds of several genera of the family Fabaceae (formerly Leguminosae used for human food or animal The potato is a Starchy Tuberous crop Vegetable from the perennial Solanum tuberosum of the Solanaceae Flax (also known as common flax or linseed) (binomial name Linum usitatissimum) is a member of the genus Linum This article is about the cultivation and uses of industrial hemp not its psychoactive cousin Cannabis (drug. The hop ( Humulus) is a small genus of Flowering plants native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere. The beet or beetroot is a Flowering plant species ( Beta vulgaris) in the family Chenopodiaceae. Tobacco is an Agricultural product recognized as an addictive drug processed from the fresh Leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana. Rye ( Secale cereale) is a grass grown extensively as a grain and forage crop Oats redirects here It may mean either the common cereal oat discussed here or any cultivated or wild species of the Genus Avena. There is a considerable extent of pasture-land, and the rearing of cattle, sheep, pigs, and goats is extensively practised. Cattle, colloquially referred to as cows, are domesticated Ungulates a member of the Subfamily Bovinae of the family Pigs, also called hogs or' swine', are Ungulates which have been domesticated as sources of food leather and similar products since ancient times The domestic goat ( Capra aegagrus hircus) is a subspecies of goat Domesticated from the Wild goat of Southwest Asia and Eastern Europe Of game, deer, boar, snipe and wild partridges are fairly abundant, while the mountain streams yield trout of excellent quality. A game is a structured activity, usually undertaken for Enjoyment and sometimes also used as an Educational tool A deer is a Ruminant Mammal belonging to the family Cervidae. The boar or wild boar ( Sus scrofa) is an Omnivorous, gregarious Mammal of the biological family Suidae. A snipe is any of nearly 20 wading bird species in three genera in the family Scolopacidae. Partridges are Birds in the Pheasant family Phasianidae. They are a non-migratory Old World group Trout is the common name given to a number of Species of Freshwater Fish belonging to the Salmonidae family The growing of vines increases, and the wines, are in good demand. Wine is an Alcoholic beverage made from the fermentation of Grape juice The Baden wine region is Germany's third largest in terms of vineyard surface. Baden is a region ( Anbaugebiet) for quality wine in Germany, and is located in the historical region of Baden in southwestern Germany, which The gardens and the orchards supply an abundance of fruit, especially almonds and walnuts, and bee-keeping is practised throughout the country. A garden is a planned space usually outdoors set aside for the display cultivation and enjoyment of Plants and other forms of Nature. An orchard is an intentional planting of Trees or Shrubs maintained for Food production. The Almond ( Prunus dulcis, syn Prunus amygdalus Batsch Amygdalus communis L Walnuts (genus Juglans) are Plants in the family Juglandaceae. Beekeeping (or apiculture, from Latin apis, Bee) is the maintenance of Honey bee colonies commonly in Hives A greater proportion of Baden than any other south German state is occupied by forests. In these the predominant trees are fir and pine, but many others, such as the chestnut, are well-represented. Firs ( Abies) are a genus of between 45-55 species of Evergreen conifers in the family Pinaceae. This article is about the tree For other uses of the term "pine" see Pine (disambiguation. Chestnut ( Castanea) (including some chinkapin or Chinquapin) is a Genus of eight or nine Species of Deciduous A third, at least, of the annual timber production is exported. Lumber or timber is Wood in any of its stages from felling through readiness for use as structural Material for Construction, or
Industries
Of the area, 56. 8% is cultivated and 38% is forest, but the agricultural sector, which before 1870 yielded the bulk of the wealth, has been superseded by industrial production. A forest is an area with a high density of Trees There are many definitions of a forest based on various criteria Agriculture refers to the production of goods through the growing of plants and fungi and the raising of domesticated Animals The study of agriculture The chief manufactures are machinery, woollen and cotton goods, silk ribbons, paper, tobacco, china, leather, glass, clocks, jewelry, and chemicals. A machine is any device that uses Energy to perform some activity Wool is the fiber derived from the specialized skin cells called follicles of animals in the Caprinae family principally sheep, but the hair of certain species Cotton is a soft staple Fibre that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant ( Gossypium sp Silk is a natural Protein Fiber, some forms of which can be woven into Textiles The best-known type of silk is obtained from cocoons Paper is thin material mainly used for writing upon printing upon or packaging Tobacco is an Agricultural product recognized as an addictive drug processed from the fresh Leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana. China ( Wade-Giles ( Mandarin) Chung¹kuo² is a cultural region, an ancient Civilization, and depending on perspective a National Leather is a material created through the Tanning of hides and Skins of Animals primarily Cattlehide The Tanning process Glass in the common sense refers to a Hard, Brittle, transparent Solid, such as that used for Windows many Circadian Locomotor Output Cycles Kaput, or Clock is a gene which encodes proteins regulating Circadian rhythm. Jewellery (also spelled jewelry, see spelling differences) is a personal Ornament, such as a necklace ring or bracelet made from Gemstones A chemical substance is a Material with a definite chemical composition. Beet sugar is also largely manufactured, as are wooden ornaments and toys, music boxes and organs. Sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris L a member of the Chenopodiaceae family is a plant whose root contains a high concentration of Sucrose. Wood carving is a form of working wood by means of a cutting tool held in the hand (this may be a power tool resulting in a wooden figure or figurine (this may be abstract This article is about playthings For other uses of the term see Toy (disambiguation. The organ (from Greek όργανον – organon "organ instrument tool" is a Keyboard instrument of one or more divisions each
The exports of Baden consisted mostly of the above goods, and were considerable, but the bulk of its trade consisted of transit. In Economics, an export is any good or Commodity, Transported from one country to another country in a Legitimate fashion The country had many railways and roads, as well as the Rhine for transporting good vis ship. "Railroad" and "Railway" both redirect here For other uses see Railroad (disambiguation. The Rhine (Rhein Rijn Rhin Reno Rain Rhenus is one of the longest and most important Rivers in Europe at 1320 kilometres (820 mi with an average discharge Railways were run by the state. A rail-line ran mostly parallel with the Rhine, with oblique branches from East to West.
Mannheim was the great emporium for export down the Rhine and has much river traffic. Mannheim is a City in Germany. With 327318 inhabitants it is the second-largest city in the state of Baden-Württemberg after the capital Stuttgart It was also the chief manufacturing town for the duchy, and an important administrative centre for the northern part of the country.
Note that the above info describes Baden industry ca. 1910.
Education and religion
The educational institutions of Baden are numerous and flourishing, and public education is entirely in the hands of the government. There are five universities, one traditionally Protestant in Heidelberg, one traditionally Roman Catholic in Freiburg im Breisgau, one each in Konstanz and Mannheim, and a well-known technical university in Karlsruhe. Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. Heidelberg is a city in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. As of 2006 over 140000 people live within the city's area Konstanz (in English formerly known as Constance) is a university town of around 80000 inhabitants at the western end of Lake Constance Mannheim is a City in Germany. With 327318 inhabitants it is the second-largest city in the state of Baden-Württemberg after the capital Stuttgart Karlsruhe (ˈkaɐ̯lsʁuːə population 285812 in 2006 is a city in the south west of Germany, in the Bundesland Baden-Württemberg, located near The grand-duke was a Protestant; under him, the Evangelical Church was governed by a nominated council and a synod consisting of a "prelate", 48 elected and 7 nominated lay and clerical members. EKD redirects here For the Basque political party see Democracia Cristiana Vasca. A synod (also known as a council) is a council of a church, usually a Christian church convened to decide an issue of doctrine administration or application The Roman Catholic Archbishop of Freiburg is Metropolitan of the Upper Rhine. In Christianity, an archbishop is an elevated Bishop. In the Roman Catholic Church, the Anglican Communion and others this means that they lead In Hierarchical Christian churches the rank of metropolitan bishop, or simply metropolitan, pertains to the Diocesan bishop or
History
The Lords of Baden benefited from the break-up of Swabia and, raised to the dignity of Margrave in 1112, were able to take their place as one of the four most important dynasts in southern Germany (along with Habsburg, Wittelsbach and Württemberg). The history of Baden as a state began in the 12th century as a Fief of the Holy Roman Empire. Swabia, Suabia, or Svebia ( German: Schwaben, Schwabenland or Ländle) is both a historic and linguistic The Wittelsbach family is a European Royal family and a German dynasty from Bavaria. Württemberg, formerly known as Wirtemberg, is an area and a former state in Swabia, a region in southwestern Germany. Baden was fragmented from 1190–1503, 1515–1620 and 1622–1771, though the eras of 1415–1503, 1604–20 and 1666–1771 saw only two active branches each.
After 1771 the only surviving branch retained full authority and in return for compliance with Napoleon, was raised to Electoral dignity in 1803, and then Grand Ducal status in 1806.
Notable people
- Karl Benz, inventor of the gasoline-powered automobile
- Karl Drais, inventor of velocipede, draisine, typewriter and stenograph machine
- Friedrich Ebert, first President of Germany during the Weimar period
- Franz Joseph Gall, neuroanatomist and physiologist
- Kaspar Hauser, mysterious foundling
- Friedrich Hecker, revolutionary
- Oliver Kahn, Football goalkeeper in the German national team
- Berthold Schwarz, alchemist, inventor of gunpowder
- Franz Sigel, revolutionary, Union general in the American Civil War
- Felix Wankel, inventor of the Wankel engine
- See also Rulers of Baden. Karl Friedrich Benz, sometimes spelled Carl, ( November 25, 1844, Karlsruhe, Germany – April 4, 1929, Ladenburg An inventor is a person who creates or discovers a new method form device or other useful means Karl Drais ( April 29, 1785 – December 10, 1851) was a German Inventor and invented the Laufmaschine ("running An inventor is a person who creates or discovers a new method form device or other useful means The velocipede was a series of Human-powered vehicles created in the Victorian age. A draisine primarily refers to a light auxiliary rail vehicle or trolley. A typewriter is a mechanical or Electromechanical device with a set of "keys" that when pressed cause characters to be printed on a medium Stenograph Corporation is a US manufacturer of equipment for Court reporters including Stenotype machines and Computer-aided transcription software Friedrich Ebert ( February 4, 1871 February 28, 1925) was a German Politician ( SPD) who served as The President of Germany (deutscher Bundespräsident is Germany 's Head of state. The term Weimar Republic ( ˈvaɪmarɐ repuˈbliːk is used by historians to signify the democratic and Republican period of Germany from 1919 to 1933 Franz Joseph Gall ( March 9, 1758 - August 22, 1828) was a Neuroanatomist, physiologist, and pioneer in the study of the Neuroanatomy is the science for localizing function in the Human brain. Physiology (from Greek grc φύσις physis, "nature origin" and grc -λογία -logia) is the study of the mechanical physical Kaspar Hauser (April 30 1812 (? &ndash December 17, 1833) was a mysterious foundling in 19th century Germany. Child abandonment is the practice of abandoning offspring outside of legal Adoption. Friedrich Franz Karl Hecker ( September 28, 1811 &ndash March 24, 1881) was a German lawyer politician and revolutionary " Germany " at the time of the Revolutions of 1848 had been a collection of 39 States loosely bound together in the German Confederation. Oliver Rolf Kahn (born 15 June 1969 in Karlsruhe) is a former German football goalkeeper Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered In many team Sports a goalkeeper (termed goaltender netminder, goalie, or keeper in some sports The German national football team (Die deutsche Fußballnationalmannschaft From 1950 to 1990 the team was also informally called West Germany in English as since Berthold Schwarz was a Franciscan monk in Freiburg, Germany. Born Konstantin Anklitzen, he adopted his new name when he entered the Monastery Alchemy a part of the Occult Tradition is both a philosophy and a practice with an ultimately unknown aim involving the improvement of the alchemist as well as the making of An inventor is a person who creates or discovers a new method form device or other useful means Gunpowder is a an explosive mixture of Sulfur, Charcoal and Potassium nitrate (also known as saltpetre/saltpeter that burns rapidly producing volumes Franz Sigel ( November 18, 1824 &ndash August 21, 1902) was a German military officer and immigrant to the United States who was a " Germany " at the time of the Revolutions of 1848 had been a collection of 39 States loosely bound together in the German Confederation. The Union Army was the army that fought for the Union during the American Civil War. Causes of the war See also Origins of the American Civil War, Timeline of events leading to the American Civil War The coexistence of a slave-owning South Felix Heinrich Wankel Hon DEng (August 13 1902 &ndash October 9 1988 was a German Mechanical engineer and the inventor of the Wankel engine. An inventor is a person who creates or discovers a new method form device or other useful means The Wankel engine is a type of Internal combustion engine which uses a rotary design to convert pressure into a rotating motion instead of using reciprocating Baden was a state of the Holy Roman Empire and later one of the German states along the frontier with France primarily consisting of territory along the
See also
Further reading
Publications in English
- Linda Herrick & Wendy Uncapher, Baden: Atlantic Bridge to Germany, Origins, Janesville, WI, 2004. This article gives an overview of countries (including puppet-countries that existed in Europe after the Congress of Vienna in 1815 Baden was a state of the Holy Roman Empire and later one of the German states along the frontier with France primarily consisting of territory along the
References
- This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
- Das Grossherzogtum Baden in geographischer . . . Hinsicht dargestellt (Karlsruhe, 1885);
- Wielandt, Des Staatsrecht des Grossherzogtums Baden (Freiburg, 1895);
- F. von Weech Badische Geschichte (Karlsruhe, 1890);
- op. cit. Die Zahringer in Baden (Karlsruhe, 1881);
- Baden unter den Grossherzogen Karl Friedrich. Karl Ludwig (Freiburg, 1863);
- op. cit. Geschichte der badischen Verfassung (Karlsruhe, I868);
- op. cit, Baden in den Jahren 1852 bis 1877 (Karlsruhe, 1877);
- Karl Friedrich Nebenius and Friedrich von Weech, Karl Friedrich von Baden (Karlsruhe, 1868);
- L. H. Häusser, Denkwuerdigkeiten zur Geschichte der badischen Revolution (Heidelberg, 1851);
- L. Muller, Badische Landgeschichte (Berlin, 1899-1902);
- E. von Chrismar, Genealogie des Gesamthauses Baden 16. Jahrhundert bis heute (Gotha, 1892);
- E. H. Meyer, Badische Volksleben im 19. Jahrhundert (Strassbourg, 1900);
- F. J. Mone, Quellensammlng zur badischen Landesgeschichte (Karlsruhe, 1848-1867);
- Badische Biographien, Ed. F. von Weech, (Karlsruhe, 1875-1891)
External links
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