Back to the Future
Back to the Future film poster
Directed by	Robert Zemeckis
Produced by	Bob Gale Steven Spielberg Neil Canton Kathleen Kennedy Frank Marshall Johnny Colla (uncredited) Geoffrey Power (uncredited)
Written by	Robert Zemeckis Bob Gale
Starring	Michael J. Fox Christopher Lloyd Lea Thompson Crispin Glover Thomas F. Wilson
Music by	Alan Silvestri
Cinematography	Dean Cundey
Editing by	Harry Keramidas Arthur Schmidt
Distributed by	Universal Pictures
Release date(s)	July 3, 1985
Running time	116 minutes
Country	United States
Language	English
Budget	US$19,000,000
Gross revenue	US$381,109,762 (worldwide)
Followed by	Back to the Future Part II
Allmovie profile
IMDb profile

Back to the Future is a 1985 Academy Award-winning science fiction–adventure-comedy film directed by Robert Zemeckis and produced by Steven Spielberg. A film poster is a Poster used to advertise a Film. There may be several versions for one film Robert Lee "Bob" Zemeckis (born May 14, 1952) is an Academy Award - and Golden Globe -winning American Film director, For the English cricketer see Bob Gale (cricketer Michael Robert "Bob" Gale ( May 25, 1951, University City Steven Allan Spielberg, KBE (Hon (born December 18 1946 is an American Film director, Screenwriter and producer. Neil Canton is an American Film producer from New York City. The films he has produced have affected their audiences widely Kathleen Kennedy (b 5 June 1953 in Berkeley California) is a five-time Academy Award nominated American movie industry executive Frank Wilson Marshall (born September 13, 1946) is a four-time Academy Award -nominated American movie producer and Robert Lee "Bob" Zemeckis (born May 14, 1952) is an Academy Award - and Golden Globe -winning American Film director, Michael J Fox (born Michael Andrew Fox; June 9 1961 is a Canadian / American Christopher Allen Lloyd (born October 22, 1938) is a three-time Emmy Award -winning American Actor. Lea Katherine Thompson (born May 31 1961 is a People's Choice Award winning American actress and director. Crispin Hellion Glover (born April 20, 1964) is primarily known as a Film Actor, but is also a painter, Filmmaker, Thomas Francis Wilson Jr (born April 15, 1959) is an American Actor, Comedian, Writer, Musician, Alan Silvestri (born March 26, 1950, New York City) is an acclaimed American Academy Award nominated Film score Composer Dean Raymond Cundey, ASC (born 12 March 1946) is an American Cinematographer. Arthur Schmidt (born 1959 is an American film editor who has won the Academy Award for Film Editing twice (for Forrest Gump (1994 and for Who Universal Studios (sometimes called Universal Pictures or Universal City Studios) a subsidiary of NBC Universal, is a major Global American Events 324 - Battle of Adrianople Constantine I defeats Licinius, who flees to Byzantium. Year 1985 ( MCMLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar) The United States of America —commonly referred to as the English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been Back to the Future Part II is a 1989 film and a Sequel to the 1985 film Back to the Future. Events 3 December - Roger Moore steps down from the role of James Bond after twelve years and seven films "The Oscar" redirects here for the film see The Oscar (film. An adventure is an activity that comprises Risky dangerous and uncertain experiences Comedy (from the Greek κωμωδίαkomodia has a popular meaning (any discourse generally intended to amuse especially in Television, Film, and Robert Lee "Bob" Zemeckis (born May 14, 1952) is an Academy Award - and Golden Globe -winning American Film director, Steven Allan Spielberg, KBE (Hon (born December 18 1946 is an American Film director, Screenwriter and producer. Zemeckis wrote the story, along with Bob Gale. For the English cricketer see Bob Gale (cricketer Michael Robert "Bob" Gale ( May 25, 1951, University City It stars Michael J. Fox as teenager Marty McFly and Christopher Lloyd as scientist Dr. Emmett L. Brown. Michael J Fox (born Michael Andrew Fox; June 9 1961 is a Canadian / American Martin "Marty" McFly is a Fictional character and the main protagonist in the Back to the Future Christopher Allen Lloyd (born October 22, 1938) is a three-time Emmy Award -winning American Actor. "Doc Brown" redirects here For the British rapper see Doc Brown (rapper.

The film's basic storyline involves the premise of time travel being used to breach the generation gap. This article details time travel itself For other uses see Time Traveler. A generation gap is a popular term used to describe big differences between people of a younger generation and their elders In a De Lorean time machine invented by Dr. Emmett L. Brown, Marty accidentally travels back to the year 1955 when his parents were teenagers. Having interfered with their first meeting, Marty must ensure that his young parents fall in love so that he will be born. "Falling in love" is a mainly Western term used to describe the process of moving from a feeling of neutrality towards someone to one of Love. Furthermore, the Dr. Brown of 1955 must find a way to return Marty to 1985 without the plutonium necessary to fuel the journey.

Due to the film's success, three spin-off projects were made. CBS TV aired an animated series, Back to the Future: The Animated Series and Harvey Comics released a handful of similarly styled comic books, although their stories were original and not merely duplicates of the films. CBS Broadcasting Inc ( CBS) is an American radio and Television network. An animated cartoon is a short hand-drawn (or made with computers to look similar to something hand-drawn Film for the cinema, Television or computer Back to the Future The Animated Series is an Animated series based on the ''Back to the Future'' trilogy of feature films Harvey Comics (also known as Harvey Publications) was an American Comic book Publisher, founded by Alfred Harvey in 1941 after buying In 1991, Universal Studios Theme Parks opened a simulator ride based on the series called Back to the Future: The Ride. Universal Studios, the film division of NBC Universal, operates a number of Theme parks based around the movies it has produced Back to the Future The Ride is a simulator ride based on the Back to the Future trilogy of films and is a mini-sequel to 1990's Back to The ride closed on March 30, 2007 in Orlando, FL, and September 3, 2007 in Hollywood, California. Events 240 BC - 1st recorded Perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 36 BC - In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompeius Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Universal Studios Hollywood is a Movie studio in the Universal City community of unincorporated Los Angeles County, California, The ride remains open at Universal Studios Japan. (USJ CO LTD) located in Osaka, Japan is one of three Universal Studios theme parks.

The "Courthouse Square" area, where scenes incorporating the clock tower were shot, was a popular attraction on the backlot tour at Universal Studios Hollywood until most of it was destroyed in a fire on June 1, 2008. Courthouse Square is a Backlot located at Universal Studios. It has been severely damaged by fire several times including in 1957 1990 and 2008 Universal Studios Hollywood is a Movie studio in the Universal City community of unincorporated Los Angeles County, California, Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common The courthouse itself was spared.

Plot

Marty McFly is a 17-year-old living in Hill Valley, California. Hill Valley is a Fictional California Town that serves as the setting of the ''Back to the Future'' trilogy and its animated spin-off California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. On the morning of October 25, 1985, his eccentric friend, scientist Dr. Events 1147 - The Portuguese, under Afonso I, and Crusaders from England and Flanders conquer Lisbon after a Emmett "Doc" Brown (Lloyd), calls him, asking to meet at 1:15 a. m. After school that day, a solicitor approaches Marty and his girlfriend Jennifer (Claudia Wells), asking for donations to preserve the town's clock tower which has not run since it was struck by lightning thirty years before. Jennifer Jane Parker is a Fictional character in the Back to the Future Motion picture Trilogy. Claudia Wells (born July 5 1966) is an American actress Born in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, she grew up in San Francisco Upon arriving home, Marty finds the family car wrecked in the driveway. Inside the house, he finds his weak-willed father George (Crispin Glover) being bullied by his supervisor Biff Tannen (Thomas F. Wilson), who had borrowed and wrecked the car. George Douglas McFly is a Fictional character in the Back to the Future Motion picture Trilogy. Crispin Hellion Glover (born April 20, 1964) is primarily known as a Film Actor, but is also a painter, Filmmaker, Biff Tannen is a Fictional character and the main villain in the Back to the Future Motion picture Trilogy, played in the three Thomas Francis Wilson Jr (born April 15, 1959) is an American Actor, Comedian, Writer, Musician, At dinner that night, Marty's mother Lorraine (Lea Thompson) recounts how she and George first met when her father hit George with his car as George was "bird-watching". Lorraine Baines McFly is a Fictional character, a lead character in the Back to the Future Motion picture Trilogy, played by Lea Katherine Thompson (born May 31 1961 is a People's Choice Award winning American actress and director.

"Doc" Brown, (Christopher Lloyd) and Marty McFly, (Michael J. Fox) watch as the time machine vanishes. "Doc Brown" redirects here For the British rapper see Doc Brown (rapper. Christopher Allen Lloyd (born October 22, 1938) is a three-time Emmy Award -winning American Actor. Martin "Marty" McFly is a Fictional character and the main protagonist in the Back to the Future Michael J Fox (born Michael Andrew Fox; June 9 1961 is a Canadian / American

That night, Marty meets Doc as planned in the parking lot of Twin Pines Mall. Hill Valley is a Fictional California Town that serves as the setting of the ''Back to the Future'' trilogy and its animated spin-off Doc presents a De Lorean DMC-12 which he has modified into a time machine. As Marty videotapes, Doc then explains that the car travels to a programmed date and time upon reaching eighty-eight miles per hour using plutonium in a nuclear reaction to generate the 1. Videotape is a means of recording images and sound onto Magnetic tape as opposed to movie film. 21 gigawatts of power it requires. The watt (symbol W) is the SI derived unit of power, equal to one Joule of energy per Second. Demonstrating how to program the machine, Doc enters in November 5, 1955 as the target date, explaining that it was the day he conceived the idea of the flux capacitor; the device which "makes time travel possible". Events 1499 - Publication of the Catholicon in Treguier ( Brittany) Year 1955 ( MCMLV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar) Before Doc can depart for his planned trip into the future, a pair of Libyan nationalists, from whom he stole the plutonium, arrive in a Volkswagen Type 2 and ruthlessly shoot him down. Libya ( ليبيا ar-Latn Lībiyā; Libyan vernacular: Lībya; Amazigh:) officially the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab The term nationalism can refer to an Ideology, a sentiment, a form of Culture, or a Social movement that focuses on the Nation The Volkswagen Type 2 (also known as Transporter) was the second automotive line introduced by German automaker Volkswagen. Marty jumps into the De Lorean and is pursued by the Libyans until he drives at eighty-eight miles per hour and is instantaneously transported back to 1955.

The car stalls shortly thereafter; therefore Marty hides it and makes his way into town on foot, finding that the town square now reflects the popular culture of the 1950s. A stall is the slowing or stopping of a process and in the case of an Engine, refers to a sudden stopping of the engine turning usually brought about accidentally Public square and city square redirect here For Public Square Cleveland see Public Square and for City Square in Leeds see Leeds City Square. Popular culture (or pop culture) is the Culture — patterns of human activity and the symbolic structures that give such activities significance and importance — He runs into his own father, then a teenager, being tyrannized just as he was in 1985 by Biff, who was then the school bully. Marty follows George; as he is about to be hit by Lorraine's father's car, Marty saves his father by taking the hit himself, resulting in Lorraine becoming infatuated with Marty instead of George. Infatuation is the state of being completely carried away by unreasoned passion or Love; addictive love Marty is disturbed by her sexual advances, which contrast sharply with her prudish attitude in 1985, and leaves her home to track down the Doc of 1955. A prude ( Old French prude) is a person who is described as being overly concerned with Decorum or Propriety. After managing to convince the scientist that he is from the future, Marty shows Doc his videotape. After Doc hears his older self mention the power requirements of the De Lorean, he tells Marty that aside from plutonium, which is unobtainable, the only possible source of that much power is a bolt of lightning, which is unpredictable. Lightning is an atmospheric discharge of Electricity, which typically occurs during Thunderstorms and sometimes during volcanic eruptions or Marty realizes that the lightning strike at the clock tower will occur the following Saturday; at this, Doc concocts a way to harness the bolt's power.

However, Doc deduces that Marty has prevented his parents from meeting. Since Marty will not exist unless his parents fall in love, he finds that Marty is in danger of being erased from time. After several failed attempts at playing matchmaker, Marty eventually works out a plan to have George appear to rescue Lorraine from his (Marty's) own advances on the night of a school dance. When Biff shows up unexpectedly and attacks Lorraine, George manages to defend her in fact by knocking Biff out with a single punch. Lorraine and George return to the dance floor, but another lone man steals Lorraine and dances with her which causes Marty to start fading from both the picture he has, and time. Luckily, George steals Lorraine and they kiss for the first time, ensuring Marty's existence. Doc, meanwhile, has used cables to connect the clock tower's antenna to two lamp posts, which he plans to have Marty drive under in the De Lorean, now sporting a lightning rod, at eighty-eight miles per hour the moment the lightning strikes. A lightning rod (USA or lightning conductor (UK is a single component in a Lightning protection system.

The clock tower gets struck by lightning at 10:04 P. M. on November 12, 1955. Events 764 - Tibetan troops occupy Chang'an, the capital of the Chinese Tang Dynasty, for fifteen days Year 1955 ( MCMLV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1955 Gregorian calendar)

Before Marty can leave, Doc finds a letter in his coat pocket that Marty had written, warning him about his future assassination. Doc rips up the letter without reading it, anticipating the dangers of learning about his future. Marty adjusts the time machine to take him back to 1985 ten minutes earlier than he left, giving him time to prevent the shooting. Upon his arrival, however, the car stalls and Marty arrives at the mall too late to save Doc. When Marty reaches him, Doc is very much alive and opens his radiation suit to reveal a bulletproof vest while showing Marty the letter he had written in 1955, taped back together. An NBC suit ( N uclear B iological C hemical is a type of military Personal protective equipment designed to provide protection against direct A ballistic vest is an item of protective clothing that absorbs the impact from gun-fired Projectiles and shrapnel fragments from explosion When asked about it and his belief in not knowing about one's future, Doc replies, "I figured, what the hell?"

The next morning, Marty finds his family has been changed for the better. Most notably, Lorraine is no longer prudish, and George has become self-confident. Biff has become a rather servile car-cleaning agent. Just as Jennifer and Marty reunite, Doc arrives from the year 2015, appearing frantic about a problem concerning the couple's future children. Marty and Jennifer climb aboard the De Lorean; when after Marty points out there is not enough road wherein to reach 88 miles per hour, Doc responds, "Where we're going, we don't need roads. " The car then lifts off into the sky and disappears.

Production

Script

The inspiration for the film largely stems from Bob Gale, who discovered his father's high school yearbook and wondered whether he would have been friends with his father as a teenager. For the English cricketer see Bob Gale (cricketer Michael Robert "Bob" Gale ( May 25, 1951, University City His father was class president and pretty much the "big guy on campus," while Bob was on the other end of the social barometer—more of a nerd. ^[1] Gale and Robert Zemeckis originally wrote the script in September 1980 but struggled to find the time to make it. Robert Lee "Bob" Zemeckis (born May 14, 1952) is an Academy Award - and Golden Globe -winning American Film director, Steven Spielberg read it when Gale first had the idea and asked Zemeckis a number of years later what had happened to it. The year 1955 was chosen because it fell within the era that teenage culture was born. A youth subculture is a Youth -based Subculture with distinct styles behaviours and interests

Zemeckis pitched the idea to several companies. ^[2] Disney turned it down because they thought that a story involving a mother falling in love with her son was too risqué, even if in a twist of time travel. Walt Disney Pictures refers to several different entities associated with The Walt Disney Company: Walt Disney Pictures, the film banner was established ^[2] All other companies said it was not risqué enough, compared to other teen comedies at the time (such as Porky's, Fast Times at Ridgemont High and Revenge of the Nerds). Porky's is a Comedy film about the escapades of teenagers at the fictional Angel Beach high school in Florida in 1954. Fast Times at Ridgemont High is a 1982 American coming-of-age teen - Comedy film written by Cameron Crowe (adapted Revenge of the Nerds is a 1984 American comedy film starring Robert Carradine and Anthony Edwards, with Curtis Armstrong

Sid Sheinberg, the head of Universal Studios, made many changes to the movie. Sidney "Sid" Jay Sheinberg (born 1935, Corpus Christi Texas) is an American entertainment executive Universal Studios (sometimes called Universal Pictures or Universal City Studios) a subsidiary of NBC Universal, is a major Global American "Professor Brown" was changed to "Doc Brown" and his chimp Shemp to a dog named Einstein. Einstein (often known as " Einie " is in the Back to the Future Trilogy, Doc Brown 's pet sheepdog in 1985 and later Marty's mother had previously been Meg, then Eileen, but Sheinberg insisted that she be named Lorraine after his wife Lorraine Gary. Lorraine Gary (born Lorraine Gottfried on August 16, 1937 in New York City) is an Actress best known for her role as Ellen Brody in ^[2] Sheinberg also did not like the title, insisting that no one would see a movie with "future" in the title^[2]. In a memo to Robert Zemeckis, he said that the title should be changed to "Spaceman From Pluto," tying in with the Marty-as-alien jokes in the film. Robert Lee "Bob" Zemeckis (born May 14, 1952) is an Academy Award - and Golden Globe -winning American Film director, ^[3] Steven Spielberg replied in a memo thanking him for the wonderful "joke memo" and told him everyone got a kick out of it. Steven Allan Spielberg, KBE (Hon (born December 18 1946 is an American Film director, Screenwriter and producer. Sheinberg, too proud to admit he was serious, let the title stand. ^[4]

In the original script, Marty's rock 'n roll performance caused a riot at the dance that had to be broken up by police. This, combined with Marty accidentally making the Professor (Doc) aware of the "secret ingredient" that made the time machine work (Coca-Cola) caused history to change. Coca-Cola is a carbonated Soft drink sold in stores restaurants and Vending machines in more than 200 countries When Marty got back to 1985, he found that it was now the 1950s conception of the future, with air-cars and other electronic devices, all invented by Doc Brown and running on Coca-Cola. Retro-futurism, retrofuturism, retro-future or retrofuture,terms combining " Retro " and " futurism " or " Marty also discovers that rock and roll was never invented (the most popular musical style was the mambo), and he dedicates himself to starting the delayed cultural revolution. Mambo is a Cuban musical form and Dance style The word mambo (which means conversation with the gods) is the name of a priestess in Haitian Meanwhile, his dad opens a scrapbook containing newspaper clippings from the day after the 1955 dance and sees his son in the picture of the riot. The time machine is not built around a De Lorean DMC-12, and the power source for Marty's trip back to 1985 comes from atomic testing, rather than a lightning strike. ^[5] Early concept art made when it was planned that Marty would return to the future via atomic testing was later utilized by Steven Spielberg for a scene in Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull. Concept art is a form of Illustration where the main goal is to convey a visual representation of a design idea and/or mood for use in Movies, Video games Steven Allan Spielberg, KBE (Hon (born December 18 1946 is an American Film director, Screenwriter and producer. ^[6]

Doc Brown's "man hanging off a clock face"-themed clock reprises the famous scene in Harold Lloyd's Safety Last! (1923). Harold Clayton Lloyd Sr ( April 20, 1893 &ndash March 8, 1971) was an American Film actor and producer Safety Last! is a 1923 comedy Silent film starring Harold Lloyd. The fact that Christopher Lloyd and Harold Lloyd have the same last name, however, is merely a coincidence. Christopher Allen Lloyd (born October 22, 1938) is a three-time Emmy Award -winning American Actor.

Pronunciation of "gigawatt"

In the film's script the word "gigawatt" is spelled and pronounced "jigowatt" (IPA: /ˈdʒɪgəwɒt/). The watt (symbol W) is the SI derived unit of power, equal to one Joule of energy per Second. The metric prefix "giga-" is now part of everyday speech due to its use in computing and is now most often pronounced with a hard g, even though the official (NIST) pronunciation is the soft g. For other meanings see Giga (disambiguation Giga- (symbol G is a prefix in the SI system of units denoting 109 A hard g vs a soft g is a feature that occurs in many Languages including English, in which two However, in the 1980s, the soft g was the most common pronunciation of the prefix. Bob Gale and Robert Zemeckis had been doing research for the film, during which they talked to someone who pronounced the word with a soft g. This note is explained when Bob Gale is giving a commentary of the film on the special edition DVD during the scene where Doc explains the plan to send Marty back to the future.

Casting and filming

As Back to the Future's producers scouted locations on a residential street in Pasadena, Michael J. Fox was elsewhere on that street, filming his first starring feature role, Teen Wolf. Pasadena ( is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. Michael J Fox (born Michael Andrew Fox; June 9 1961 is a Canadian / American Teen Wolf (first released on August 23, 1985, by Atlantic Releasing Corporation) is an American Film starring Michael The producers became interested in having Fox play Marty McFly, but Fox initially had to turn down the part because of his increasing involvement in the sitcom Family Ties. Martin "Marty" McFly is a Fictional character and the main protagonist in the Back to the Future Family Ties is a Television Sitcom that aired on NBC for seven seasons from 1982 to 1989 Another of the show's stars, Meredith Baxter-Birney, was pregnant at the time, and thus the show's producers were looking to Fox's character (Alex Keaton) to "carry the show. Meredith Ann Baxter (born June 21, 1947) is an American actress. Alex P Keaton is a Fictional character on the American Television Sitcom, Family Ties which aired on NBC "^[7]

Production of the film began on November 26, 1984, with actor Eric Stoltz portraying Marty McFly, and reportedly shot for more than four weeks, until the return of executive producer Steven Spielberg, who was out of the country at the time. Events 43 BC - The Second Triumvirate alliance of Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus ("Octavian" later "Caesar Augustus" Year 1984 ( MCMLXXXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1984 Gregorian calendar) Eric Cameron Stoltz (born September 30, 1961) is a Golden Globe-nominated American actor After seeing a rough cut, Spielberg and the writer/directors agreed that Stoltz was a fine actor, but he was unfortunately not right for the part. Stoltz had played it seriously, and they wanted a lighter touch on the character. They returned to the idea of Michael J. Fox, who this time worked out a shooting schedule that would not interfere with his television commitment. ^[1] Fox spent his days rehearsing and shooting Family Ties, and then drove to the movie's set to film Back to The Future all night. The movie's day shots were filmed on weekends. Fox reportedly averaged only an hour or two of sleep each night during production, which was completed on April 20, 1985, less than three months before the film's release. Events 1303 - The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII. Year 1985 ( MCMLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar) ^[4]

The Flux Capacitor responsible for time travel.

Much of the original footage was retained for the film, for shots in which Eric Stoltz was not visible. Eric Cameron Stoltz (born September 30, 1961) is a Golden Globe-nominated American actor Bob Gale later explained that some dialogue scenes with other actors were from the original shoot. For the English cricketer see Bob Gale (cricketer Michael Robert "Bob" Gale ( May 25, 1951, University City A few long shots with Stoltz as Marty McFly still exist in the film, according to Zemeckis and Gale, and there was at least one "teaser" movie poster released with Stoltz's name and face visible. One notable scene that was kept in the final film is the one in which Stoltz as Marty drives the De Lorean in the mall parking lot. Since the shots were fairly distant, with the driver's face not particularly visible, the footage was retained.

Michael J. Fox had to learn to ride a skateboard for the film. To find a coordinator for the skateboarding scenes, Bob Gale went to Venice Beach and approached two skateboarders. Venice is a district in western Los Angeles California. It is known for its Canals Beaches and Circus -like Ocean Front Walk, One turned out to be European skate champ Per Welinder. Per Nils Welinder (born April 17, 1962 at Täby just outside Stockholm Sweden) is a professional skateboarder The second skater became the stunt double for Eric Stoltz, but was later replaced in order to match Michael J. Fox's height. ^[2]

Christopher Lloyd reportedly based his performance as Doc Brown on a combination of physicist Albert Einstein and conductor Leopold Stokowski. Christopher Allen Lloyd (born October 22, 1938) is a three-time Emmy Award -winning American Actor. Albert Einstein ( German: ˈalbɐt ˈaɪ̯nʃtaɪ̯n; English: ˈælbɝt ˈaɪnstaɪn (14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955 was a German -born theoretical WikipediaWikiProject Classical music#Biographical_infoboxes --> Leopold Stokowski (born Leopold Anthony Stokowski though on occasion ^[4] The extreme difference in height between Lloyd (6'1") and Fox (5'4") meant Doc's character was given a distinctive hunched-over look.

To play their roles at the age of 47, Lea Thompson (Lorraine), Crispin Glover (George), and Thomas F. Wilson (Biff) had several hours' worth of make-up and extra layers of skin added to their faces; all three actors were therefore able to play their characters' younger selves as well. Lea Katherine Thompson (born May 31 1961 is a People's Choice Award winning American actress and director. Crispin Hellion Glover (born April 20, 1964) is primarily known as a Film Actor, but is also a painter, Filmmaker, Thomas Francis Wilson Jr (born April 15, 1959) is an American Actor, Comedian, Writer, Musician, ^[8]

Several key scenes were filmed on the Universal Studios backlot in what is now known as Courthouse Square. A backlot is an area behind or adjoining a Movie studio with space to build or with permanent exterior sets for outdoor scenes in motion picture and/or Courthouse Square is a Backlot located at Universal Studios. It has been severely damaged by fire several times including in 1957 1990 and 2008 The setting of hundreds of other productions, including the current television show Ghost Whisperer, it has suffered major fire damage on three occasions since Back to the Future was filmed. Ghost Whisperer is an American television drama - fantasy - thriller that premiered on CBS September 23 2005 ^{[9] [10]} The Courthouse Square backlot at Universal Studios was used for both time periods, with the 1955 scenes filmed first so that the location could be "trashed down" for the 1985 scenes. A backlot is an area behind or adjoining a Movie studio with space to build or with permanent exterior sets for outdoor scenes in motion picture and/or Universal Studios (sometimes called Universal Pictures or Universal City Studios) a subsidiary of NBC Universal, is a major Global American ^[2] The scene where Marty McFly discovers that Doc Brown has a time machine was filmed in front of the Puente Hills Mall in City of Industry, California. Puente Hills Mall, located in Industry California, United States, is a major regional Shopping center in the San Gabriel Valley region of

Music

The film's musical score was composed by Alan Silvestri, who later wrote music for Forrest Gump and numerous other films, many of them directed by Robert Zemeckis. Sheet music is a hand-written or printed form of Musical notation; like its analogs -- books pamphlets etc Alan Silvestri (born March 26, 1950, New York City) is an acclaimed American Academy Award nominated Film score Composer Forrest Gump is a 1994 Comedy film based on the 1986 novel of the same name by Winston Groom and the name of the title character The themes in his Back to the Future Suite have since been heard in Back to the Future Part II and Part III, which were also scored by Silvestri, in Back to the Future: The Ride and as ambient music at the Universal Studios theme parks. Back to the Future Part II is a 1989 film and a Sequel to the 1985 film Back to the Future. Back to the Future Part III is the third installment of the ''Back to the Future'' trilogy. Back to the Future The Ride is a simulator ride based on the Back to the Future trilogy of films and is a mini-sequel to 1990's Back to The hit, upbeat Back to the Future Soundtrack, featuring two new songs by Huey Lewis and the News, also contributed to the film's popularity. Back to the Future Music From the Motion Picture Soundtrack is the licensed soundtrack to the hit 1985 film Back to the Future. "The Power of Love" became the band's first song to hit number one on the Billboard Hot 100 and was nominated for an Academy Award. "The Oscar" redirects here for the film see The Oscar (film. Huey Lewis portrayed the high school band audition judge that rejects Marty's band, The Pinheads, as they perform "The Power of Love," for being "too darn loud. Huey Lewis (born Hugh Anthony Cregg III; July 5 1950 is an American Musician, Songwriter and occasional Actor. " Lewis had an additional cameo appearance as a man wearing a fedora who walks past Marty upon his arrival in town in 1955.

The film's soundtrack, which was available on CD, also included songs by Eric Clapton, Lindsey Buckingham, Etta James and others. Eric Patrick Clapton, CBE (born 30 March 1945 is an English Blues-rock Guitarist, singer Songwriter and Composer Lindsey Adams Buckingham (born October 3, 1949) is an American Guitarist and Singer, most notable for being a member of the musical group Etta James (born Jamesetta Hawkins on January 25, 1938) is an American Blues, soul, R&B, Rock & roll It used the largest orchestra ever assembled by Universal Pictures at the time. Universal Studios (sometimes called Universal Pictures or Universal City Studios) a subsidiary of NBC Universal, is a major Global American ^[8] Two 1950s hits Marty encounters when he arrives in 1955 ("Mr. Sandman" by The Chordettes and the Fess Parker recording of "The Ballad of Davy Crockett") were not included on the CD release. "Mr Sandman" is a popular song written by Pat Ballard which was published in 1954 and first recorded in that year by The Chordettes The Chordettes were a female popular Singing quartet usually singing A cappella, and specializing in Traditional pop music. Fess Elisha Parker Jr (born August 16, 1924) is an American film and television Actor best known for his 1950s portrayals of Davy " The Ballad of Davy Crockett " is a Song with music by George Bruns and lyrics by Tom W Neither was the "metal" version of, "Johnny B. Goode". " Johnny B Goode " is a seminal 1958 Rock and roll Song by Chuck Berry, ranked by Rolling Stone as the seventh greatest

The material ostensibly performed by Marty McFly, and by Marvin Berry and the Starlighters, was recorded by Harry Waters, Jr. as Marvin Berry and Mark Campbell as Marty McFly, with the guitar solo played by Tim May (Campbell and May received a "special thanks" acknowledgment in the film's end credits, with the recording credit going to the fictional characters). Guitar solos are a melodic passage section or entire piece of music written for an Electric guitar or an Acoustic guitar. Berry's group also plays the song "Night Train," first recorded by Jimmy Forrest in 1951. " Night Train " is a Twelve bar blues Instrumental standard first recorded by Jimmy Forrest in 1951. Jimmy Forrest ( January 24 1920 - August 26 1980) was a Jazz Musician who played Tenor saxophone throughout his Events July 11 - Disc jockey and music promoter Alan Freed broadcasts his first Rhythm and blues radio programme from station WJW in ^[11]

Reaction

The film opened on July 3, 1985 and grossed U.S. $210 million at the U. Events 324 - Battle of Adrianople Constantine I defeats Licinius, who flees to Byzantium. Year 1985 ( MCMLXXXV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link displays 1985 Gregorian calendar) The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been S. box office, making it the highest grossing American film of 1985. ^[12] The film was followed by two sequels: Back to the Future Part II in 1989 and Back to the Future Part III in 1990, forming a trilogy. Back to the Future Part II is a 1989 film and a Sequel to the 1985 film Back to the Future. Back to the Future Part III is the third installment of the ''Back to the Future'' trilogy. The Back to the Future trilogy is a comedic Science fiction Film Trilogy written by Bob Gale and Robert Zemeckis On December 17, 2002, Universal Studios Home Entertainment released the film on DVD and VHS as part of Back to the Future: The Complete Trilogy. Events 546 - Gothic War (535–554: The Ostrogoths of King Totila See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Universal Studios Home Entertainment (formerly Universal Studios Home Video or MCA/Universal Home Video) is a Home video company founded in 1980 DVD (also known as " Digital Versatile Disc " or " Digital Video Disc " - see Etymology)is

Critics

Reviews were generally positive. Roger Ebert complimented the direction, writing that Zemeckis "shows not only a fine comic touch but also some of the lighthearted humanism of a Frank Capra. Roger Joseph Ebert (iːbɝt born June 18, 1942) is an American film critic and Screenwriter. Frank Russell Capra ( May 18, 1897 &ndash September 3, 1991) was an Academy Award winning Italian-American Film "^[13] Even the sequences where Marty's mom has the "hots for him" are regarded as "up-beat. . . without ever becoming uncomfortable. "^[14] The BBC applauded the intricacies of the "outstandingly executed" script, remarking that "nobody says anything that doesn't become important to the plot later. "^[15]

This movie ranked number 28 on Entertainment Weekly's list of the 50 Best High School Movies. Entertainment Weekly (sometimes abbreviated as EW) is a Magazine published by Time Inc ^[16] As of December 2006, Back to the Future had received a very respectable 95% overall rating on Rotten Tomatoes, with a 98% rating from the users. Rotten Tomatoes is a Website devoted to reviews information and news of Movies. ^[17] In 2006, Back to the Future was voted the 20th greatest film ever made by readers of Empire. Empire is a British Film Magazine published Monthly by Bauer Consumer Media. ^[18]

On December 27, 2007, Back to the Future was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant". The National Film Registry is the registry of Films selected by the United States National Film Preservation Board for preservation in the Library of The Library of Congress is the De facto National library of the United States and the research arm of the United States Congress ^[19]

Cultural impact

The series was very popular in the 1980s, even making fans out of celebrities like Huey Lewis and the News (Lewis appeared in the first film) and ZZ Top (who appeared in the third film) and President Ronald Reagan, who referred to the movie in his 1986 State of the Union address when he said, "Never has there been a more exciting time to be alive, a time of rousing wonder and heroic achievement. ZZ Top (ˌziːziːˈtɒp is an American rock band formed in late 1969 in Houston Texas. The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by As they said in the film Back to the Future, 'Where we're going, we don't need roads. '"^[20] In fact, when he first saw the joke about him being president, i. e. "Ronald Reagan? The actor? Ha! Then who's Vice President, Jerry Lewis?", he made the projectionist of the theater stop the reel, roll it back, and run it again. Jerry Lewis (born March 16, 1926) is an American Comedian, award-winning actor producer writer and director best-known for his slapstick ^[1] He also considered accepting a role in the third film as the 1885 mayor of Hill Valley but eventually declined. Hill Valley is a Fictional California Town that serves as the setting of the ''Back to the Future'' trilogy and its animated spin-off .

Series continuity

Sequels were not initially planned. Zemeckis later stated that had sequels been envisioned, the first film would not have ended with Jennifer traveling in the De Lorean with Marty and Doc, which created logistical problems in plotting the other films. In addition, Zemeckis and Gale state in the DVD commentary that the "To Be Continued. . . " caption was not originally in the film (the filmmakers chose to omit the caption from the 2002 DVD release to remain true to the original theatrical version).

Ultimately, the sequels did not fare as well at the box office. While the first installment grossed $210 million (making it the biggest-earning movie of 1985), Back to the Future Part II (Fall 1989) and Back to the Future Part III (Summer 1990) made roughly $118 million and $88 million, respectively. Back to the Future Part II is a 1989 film and a Sequel to the 1985 film Back to the Future. Back to the Future Part III is the third installment of the ''Back to the Future'' trilogy. Part III received generally more favorable reviews than Part II. ^[21]

Home video release history

• First release May 1986 (VHS & LaserDisc) MCA Home Video Label
• January 25, 1987 (VHS & LaserDisc)
• May 18, 1987 (VHS & LaserDisc)
• December 15, 1990 (VHS)
• May 27, 1995 (VHS & Compact Disc)
• March 9, 1999 (VHS, Compact Disc & LaserDisc)
• May 7, 2000 (VHS)
• August 2002 Europe and Oceania (VHS & DVD; complete trilogy boxed set)
• December 2002 North America (VHS & DVD; complete trilogy boxed set)
• TBA 2008 (re-release on Blu-ray disc)^[22]

See also

• Grandfather paradox
• 1980s in film

References

External links

• Universal Pictures site
• BTTF.com
• BTTF Frequently Asked Questions written by Bob Gale and Robert Zemeckis
• Back to the Future Filming Locations
• Futurepedia: The Back to the Future Wiki on Wikia
• Back to the Future at the Internet Movie Database
• Back to the Future at Allmovie
• Back to the Future at Rotten Tomatoes
• Back to the Future at Yahoo! Movies