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- See Great Artesian Basin for the water source in Australia. The Great Artesian Basin provides the only reliable source of Water through much of inland Australia.
An artesian aquifer is a confined aquifer containing groundwater that will flow upwards through a well without the need for pumping. An aquifer is an underground layer of Water -bearing Permeable rock or unconsolidated materials ( Gravel, Sand, Silt, or Clay Groundwater is Water located beneath the Ground surface in Soil pore spaces and in the Fractures of lithologic formations For information on Wikipedia project-related discussions see WikipediaVillage pump. Water may even spurt out of the ground if the natural pressure is high enough. An aquifer provides the water for an artesian well. An aquifer is a layer of soft rock, like limestone or sandstone, that absorbs water from an inlet path. Porous stone is crushed between impermeable rocks or clay. This keeps the pressure high, so when the water finds a hole, it overcomes gravity and goes up instead of down.
In recharging aquifers, this happens because the water table at its recharge zone is at a higher elevation than the head of the well. The water table is the level at which the ground water pressure is equal to Atmospheric pressure. The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level.
"Fossil water" aquifers can also be artesian if they are under sufficient pressure from the surrounding rocks. Fossil water or paleowater is Groundwater that has remained in an Aquifer for millennia This is similar to how many newly tapped oil wells are pressurized. West Texas PumpjackJPG|thumb|right|300px|This Pumpjack located south of Midland TX is a common sight in West Texas.
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Origin
Artesian wells were named after the former province of Artois in France, where many artesian wells were drilled by Carthusian monks since 1126. Artois (Artesië (adjective Artesian) is a former province of northern France. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. The Carthusian Order, also called the Order of St Bruno, is a Roman Catholic religious order of enclosed monastics. [1] The technique was also known much earlier in Syria and Egypt,[2] although whether the monks of Artois learned of it from outside sources or discovered it independently is unknown. Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics.
Examples of artesian wells
Australia
- The Great Artesian Basin is the largest and deepest artesian basin in the world, occupying 23% of the continent. The Great Artesian Basin provides the only reliable source of Water through much of inland Australia.
North America
Some towns in the United States were named Artesia after the artesian wells in the vicinity. Other artesian well sites include:
- Pahrump, Nevada
- Fountain Point, Michigan
- Olympia, Washington
- Memphis, Tennessee
- Smoke Hole Caverns, Seneca Rocks, West Virginia
- Evamor, Goodbee, Louisiana
- Black Belt (region of Alabama)
See also
Notes
- ^ Frances Gies and Joseph Gies, Cathedral, Forge, and Waterwheel subtitled "Technology and Invention in the Middle Ages". Pahrump is a Census-designated place (CDP in Nye County, Nevada, United States. Nevada ( is a state located in the western region of the United States of America. Fountain Point is an historic landmark located in Suttons Bay Township, Michigan, which is part of Leelanau County and the Leelanau Peninsula Michigan ( is a Midwestern state of the United States of America. Olympia is the Capital of Washington and is the County seat of Thurston County. Washington ( is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Memphis is a City in the southwest corner of Tennessee, and the County seat of Shelby County. Tennessee ( is a state located in the Southern United States. Smoke Hole Caverns are a system of picturesque Caverns in Grant County of West Virginia 's Eastern Panhandle. Seneca Rocks, formerly the "Cliffs of Seneca", is a large Crag and local landmark in Pendleton County in the Eastern Panhandle West Virginia ( is a state in the Appalachian Upland South, and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States, bordered by The State of Louisiana ( or, État de Louisiane, pronounced) is a state located in the southern region of the United States of America Alabama 's Black Belt is a region of the state and part of the larger Black Belt Region of the Southern United States, which stretches from Water of sufficient quality to serve as drinking water is termed potable water whether it is used for drinking or not Fluid mechanics is the study of how Fluids move and the Forces on them The Great Artesian Basin provides the only reliable source of Water through much of inland Australia. Hydrogeology ( hydro- meaning water and -geology meaning the study of the Earth) is the area of Geology that deals with the distribution and A qanat (from قناة) or kareez (from كاريز) is a Water management system used to provide a reliable supply of water to human settlements Frances Gies (born 1915 and Joseph Gies (1916-2006 are historians and writers who have collaborated on a number of books about the Middle Ages, and have also written Harper Perennial, 1995 ISBN 0-06-016590-1, page 112.
- ^ For references on ancient uses, see Michel Wuttmann, "The Qanats of 'Ayn-Manâwîr, Kharga Oasis, Egypt", in Jasr 2001, p. 1. and Discoveries in the Western Desert of Egypt
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