Archbishop Damaskinos Papandreou (March 3, 1891 - May 20, 1949) was the archbishop of Athens and All Greece from 1941 until his death. Annunciation Cathedral the Metropolitan Cathedral of Athens, ( Καθεδρικός Ναος Ευαγγελισμού της Θεοτόκου) popularly known as the "Mētrópolis" Events 1284 - Statute of Rhuddlan incorporated the Principality of Wales into England 1575 - Indian Year 1891 ( MDCCCXCI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 325 - The First Council of Nicaea &ndash the first Ecumenical Council of the Christian Church is held Year 1949 ( MCMXLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. He was also the regent of Greece between the pull-out of the German occupation force in 1944 and the return of King Georgios II to Greece in 1946. A regent, from the Latin regens "who reigns" is a person selected to act as Head of state (ruling or not because the ruler is a minor Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Early life first period of kingship and exile George was born at the royal villa at Tatoi, near Athens, the eldest son of Constantine I King of the Hellenes Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. His rule marked the reconstruction of Greece after German occupation during World War II and the unrest spanning the beginning of the shooting phase of the Greek Civil War. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The Greek Civil War (ο Eμφύλιος, "the Civil War" fought from 1946 to 1949 by the Governmental forces receiving logistical support by the United Kingdom
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Early life
He was born Dimitrios Papandreou in Dorvitsa, Greece (no relationship to politician Georgios Papandreou). Dorvitsa is a town in the Prefecture of Aitoloakarnania, Greece. George Papandreou (in Greek Georgios Papandreou or Γεώργιος Παπανδρέου ( 18 February 1888 - 1 November 1968) was He enlisted in the Greek army during the Balkan Wars. The Balkan Wars were two wars in South-eastern Europe in 1912–1913 in the course of which the Balkan League ( Bulgaria, Montenegro, Greece He was ordained a priest of the Greek Orthodox Church in 1917. The Eastern Orthodox Church is the second largest single Christian Communion in the world Year 1917 ( MCMXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year In 1922, he was made bishop of Corinth. Year 1922 ( MCMXXII) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Corinth, or Korinth ( Greek Κόρινθος ( is a city in Greece. He spent the early 1930s as an ambassador of the Ecumenical Patriarch in the United States, where he labored to help organize the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America. The 1930s were described as an abrupt shift to more radical and conservative lifestyles as countries were struggling to find a solution to the Great Depression. "Patriarch of Constantinople" redirects here For the institutional church itself see Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America, headquarted in New York City is an Eparchy of the Church of Constantinople.
In 1938 he was elected archbishop of Athens, taking the name Damaskinos. Year 1938 ( MCMXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Athens (ˈæθənz Αθήνα Athina,) the Capital and largest city of Greece, dominates the Attica periphery as one of the world's Ioannis Metaxas, dictator of Greece at the time, objected to Damaskinos and forced the cancellation of his election, and the appointment of Metropolitan Chrisanthos to the post. General Ioannis Metaxas (Ιωάννης Μεταξάς ( April 12, 1871 January 29, 1941) was a Greek General and A dictator is an Authoritarian ruler (eg Absolutist or autocratic) who assumes sole and absolute power without hereditary ascension such as an Absolute After the 1941 German invasion of Greece and the fall of the Greek government, the Metropolitans who had elected Damaskinos seized the opportunity to eject Chrisanthos from the throne (with German agreement, as the latter had refused to be present at the oath-taking ceremony of the Quisling Prime Minister Georgios Tsolakoglu), and Damaskinos was reinstalled. Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Quisling, after Norwegian politician Vidkun Quisling, who assisted Nazi Germany to conquer his own country is a term used to describe traitors and Georgios Tsolakoglou ( Γεώργιος Τσολάκογλου, Agrafa, April 1886 - Athens, May 1948 was a Greek military officer who became the country's
Nazi Occupation
The Archbishop of Athens was the spiritual leader of the Greek Orthodox people of Athens and All Greece, and Damaskinos worked very hard to live up to his position during those hard times. The Church of Greece ( Greek: Ekklēsía tês Helládos, ekliˈsia tis eˈlaðos is one of the fifteen Autocephalous Eastern Orthodox churches He frequently clashed with the German authorities and the quisling government. Quisling, after Norwegian politician Vidkun Quisling, who assisted Nazi Germany to conquer his own country is a term used to describe traitors and In 1943, the Germans began the persecution of the Jews of Greece, and their deportations to Nazi concentration camps. Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. PLEASE TAKE NOTE************ See also List of Nazi-German concentration camps, Extermination camp Prior to and during World War II, Nazi Germany under Hitler maintained Damaskinos formally protested the actions of the occupational authorities.
According to the The International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation the appeal of Damaskinos and his fellow Greeks is unique as no document similar to the protest against the Nazis during World War II has come to light in any other European country.
The letter in part reads:
| “ | The Greek Orthodox Church and the Academic World of Greek People Protest against the Persecution. . . The Greek people were. . . deeply grieved to learn that the German Occupation Authorities have already started to put into effect a program of gradual deportation of the Greek Jewish community. There have been organized Jewish communities in Greece for more than two thousand years . . and that the first groups of deportees are already on their way to Poland. . . According to the terms of the armistice, all Greek citizens, without distinction of race or religion, were to be treated equally by the Occupation Authorities. The Greek Jews have proven themselves. . . valuable contributors to the economic growth of the country [and] law-abiding citizens who fully understand their duties as Greeks. They have made sacrifices for the Greek country, and were always on the front lines of the struggle of the Greek nation to defend its inalienable historical rights. . . In our national consciousness, all the children of Mother Greece are an inseparable unity: they are equal members of the national body irrespective of religion. . . Our holy religion does not recognize superior or inferior qualities based on race or religion, as it is stated: 'There is neither Jew nor Greek' and thus condemns any attempt to discriminate or create racial or religious differences. Our common fate both in days of glory and in periods of national misfortune forged inseparable bonds between all Greek citizens, without exemption, irrespective of race. . . Today we are. . . deeply concerned with the fate of 60,000 of our fellow citizens who are Jews. . . we have lived together in both slavery and freedom, and we have come to appreciate their feelings, their brotherly attitude, their economic activity, and most important, their indefectible patriotism. . . [1] | ” |
Damaskinos went on to publish the letter, even though the local Schutzstaffel commander, Jürgen Stroop, threatened to execute him by firing squad. The ( German for "Protective Squadron" abbreviated SS - or ( Runic)- was a major Nazi organization under Adolf Hitler and the Jürgen Stroop, (born Josef Stroop, September 26, 1895 &ndash March 6, 1952) was a General of the SS and Damaskinos's famous response to him was:
| “ | According to the traditions of the Greek Orthodox Church, our prelates are hanged and not shot. Please respect our traditions!. [2] | ” |
The Archbishop was being boldly sarcastic, as he was referring to the lynching and hanging of Patriarch Gregory V of Constantinople by a Turkish mob in 1821, the point being made that the SS commander would act in a similarly barbaric fashion if he were to carry out his threat. Gregory V was Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 1797 to 1798 from 1806 to 1808 and from 1818 to 1821
The churches under his jurisdiction were also ordered quietly by Damaskinos to distribute Christian baptismal certificates to Jews fleeing the Nazis, thus saving thousands of Romaniote Jews in and around Athens. The Romaniotes ( Greek: Ρωμανιώτες, Rōmaniōtes are a Jewish population who have lived in the territory of today's Greece and
After the Liberation
After the occupation ended, Damaskinos was proclaimed regent of Greece until the return of the king from exile. During this time, fighting broke out between pro-royalist Greek soldiers and communist partisans. He took control of the situation in his early term, appointing himself Prime Minister during late 1945. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar Though he wielded little power in his latter term, Damaskinos continued to call for peace and order in the country. He relinquished his position after fighting began to die down and recalled the king formally on September 28, 1946. Events 48 BC - Pompey the Great is assassinated on orders of King Ptolemy of Egypt after landing in Egypt. Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. He died in Athens in 1949.
| Orthodox Church titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Chrysanthus | Archbishop of Athens and All Greece 1941 – 1949 | Succeeded by Spyridon |
| Political offices | ||
| Preceded by Petros Voulgaris | Prime Minister of Greece October 17, 1945 - November 1, 1945 | Succeeded by Panagiotis Kanellopoulos |
Notes
- ^ raoulwallenber.net
- ^ Quoted from United States Holocaust Memorial Museum. The term Orthodox Christianity may refer to The Eastern Orthodox Church: the Eastern Christian churches of Byzantine A list of Bishops Metropolitans and Archbishops of Athens: Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία Spyridon (secular name Σπυρίδων Βλάχος Spyridon Vlachos) was Archbishop of Athens and All Greece from 1949 until 1956 Petros Voulgaris ( Πέτρος Βούλγαρης) was a Greek admiral born in 1884 and deceased in 1957. The Prime Minister of Greece ( Πρωθυπουργός της Ελλάδος) is the Head of government of the Hellenic Republic and the leader of Panagiotis Kanellopoulos ( Greek: Παναγιώτης Κανελλόπουλος ( Patra, Achaea, 13 December 1902
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