| Anton Mussert | |
| Born | May 11, 1894 Werkendam, Netherlands |
|---|---|
| Died | May 7, 1946 (aged 51) The Hague, Netherlands |
| Political party | National Socialist Movement (NSB) |
| Religion | Christian |
Anton Adriaan Mussert (May 11, 1894 in Werkendam – May 7, 1946 in The Hague) was one of the founders of the National Socialist Movement (NSB) in the Netherlands and its de jure leader. Events 330 - Byzantium is renamed ''Nova Roma'' during a dedication ceremony but is more popularly referred to as Constantinople Year 1894 ( MDCCCXCIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Werkendam ( is a Municipality and a Town in the southern Netherlands. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Events 558 - In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands The National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands (Nationaal-Socialistische Beweging in Nederland NSB was a Dutch Fascist and later national socialist Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings Events 330 - Byzantium is renamed ''Nova Roma'' during a dedication ceremony but is more popularly referred to as Constantinople Year 1894 ( MDCCCXCIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Werkendam ( is a Municipality and a Town in the southern Netherlands. Events 558 - In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands (Nationaal-Socialistische Beweging in Nederland NSB was a Dutch Fascist and later national socialist As such he was the most prominent national socialist in the Netherlands. During the Second World War he was able to keep this position, due to the support he received from the Germans. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including After the war he was convicted and executed for high treason. See also Treason, High treason in the United Kingdom High treason is criminal disloyalty to one's country
He was born in 1894 in the Protestant town of Werkendam, in the northern part of the province of Noord-Brabant in the Netherlands. Year 1894 ( MDCCCXCIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Protestantism refers to the forms of Christian faith and practice that originated in the 16th century Protestant Reformation. Werkendam ( is a Municipality and a Town in the southern Netherlands. North Brabant ( Dutch: Noord-Brabant,) is a province of the Netherlands, located in the south of the country bordered by Belgium The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands He showed from an early age talent for technical matters and he chose to study civil engineering in Delft. Delft is a city and Municipality in the province of South Holland (Zuid-Holland the Netherlands. In the 1920s he became active in several extreme right organizations such as the Dietsche Bond which advocated a Greater Netherlands including Flanders (Dutch-speaking Belgium). Flanders (Vlaanderen Flandre Flandern is a geographical region located in parts of present day Belgium, France, and the Netherlands. The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those On 14 December 1931 he, Cornelis van Geelkerken and ten others founded the Nationaal-Socialistische Beweging (NSB) (literally, the National Socialist Movement), a Dutch counterpart to the German National Socialists, the Nazis. Events 1287 - St Lucia's flood: The Zuider Zee sea wall in the Netherlands collapses killing over 50000 people Year 1931 ( MCMXXXI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Cornelis van Geelkerken ( March 19, 1901 in Sint-Jans-Molenbeek – March 29, 1979 in Ede) was co-founder of the The National Socialist Movement in the Netherlands (Nationaal-Socialistische Beweging in Nederland NSB was a Dutch Fascist and later national socialist In its early years, the NSB boasted that its membership included several hundred Jews [1], until the German party directed a more antisemitic course.
A 1933 demonstration at Utrecht attracted only 600 protestors. A year later, however, the NSB rallied 25,000 demonstrators in Amsterdam. The NSB received 300,000 votes in the 1935 parliamentary elections, enough to alert the Netherlands to the Fascist threat. [2]. In the 1937 voting, the Fascists polled a little more than half as much. Thereafter, Mussert worked toward preventing resistance to a German invasion. A state of siege was declared by the Dutch government in April 1940 after the foreign correspondent for the New York Times, Vladimir Poliakov, broke the news that Mussert's followers were preparing to kidnap Queen Wilhelmina as part of a coup. On May 10, German troops invaded the Netherlands and Mussert was permitted to suppress all political parties other than the NSB. Mussert, however, did not receive the post of Prime Minister of the occupied nation. Instead, Artur Seyss-Inquart was appointed as the Reichskommisar, while Berlin summoned Mussert to control his uncooperative countrymen. Arthur Seyss-Inquart (in German Seyß-Inquart, born Arthur Zajtich (22 July 1892 - 16 October 1946 was a prominent lawyer and later Nazi official in pre-
Mussert responded by working with the Gestapo in stopping resistance to the Nazi occupation. On 21 June 1940 Mussert agreed to have NSB members train with the SS-Standarte 'Westland'. Events 524 - Godomar, King of the Burgundians defeats the Franks at the Battle of Vézeronce. Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. On 11 September, Mussert instructed Henk Feldmeijer, to organize the Nederlandsche SS (Dutch SS) as a division of the NSB. Events 9 - The Battle of the Teutoburg Forest ends 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul Johannes Hendrik Feldmeijer ( Assen, November 30 1910 - near Raalte, February 22 1945) was a Dutch National Socialist politician The Nederlandsche SS (Dutch SS) was formed on September 11 1940. However, Mussert had nothing to do with the raising of an all-Dutch volunteer SS unit, the SS-Freiwilligen-Legion Niederlande. [3]. Regardless, thousands of Dutch citizens were arrested. Hitler declared Mussert to be "Fuehrer of the Netherlands People" on December 13, 1942, albeit solely as an assistant to Seyss-Inquart [4].
Upon the surrender of Germany, Mussert was arrested at the NSB office in The Hague on May 7, 1945. Events 558 - In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar He was convicted of high treason on November 28 after a two day trial, and was sentenced to death on December 12 of that year. On 7 May 1946, Mussert was executed by a firing squad on the Waalsdorpervlakte, a site near The Hague where hundreds of Dutch citizens had been put to death by the Nazi regime [5]. Events 558 - In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. His remains were removed from his burial site by the Flemish right-wing Militant Order (V.M.O.). The Vlaamse Militanten Orde ( Flemish Militants Order in Dutch) or VMO - originally Vlaamse Militanten Organisatie ( Flemish Militants Organisation
See also
References
- ^ Current Biography 1941, p620-23
- ^ Id. at 622
- ^ Meyers, Jan Mussert, een politiek leven, Amsterdam, 1984, ISBN 90-295-3113-4 (Dutch language)
- ^ "Obscure Dutch Politician Named New 'Fuehrer' for the Netherlands," Oakland Tribune, December 14, 1942, p5
- ^ "Dutch Nazi Executed," Amarillo Globe, May 7, 1946, p1
- The Patriotic Traitors: A History of Collaboration in German-Occupied Europe, 1940-45 by David Littlejohn ISBN 0-434-42725-X
- Dutch Under German Occupation: 1940-1945 by Werner Warmbrunn ISBN 0-8047-0152-0
- Biographical Dictionary of the Extreme Right Since 1890 edited by Philip Rees, 1991, ISBN 0-13-089301-3
External links
- Anton Mussert and the Dutch Nazi Party
- Anton Adriaan Mussert
- Flags of the NSB
- Portret van Anton Adriaan Mussert at the Internet Movie Database, a Paul Verhoeven directed 1968 TV documentary
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