| Antakya | |
 | |
  Antakya | |
| Coordinates: | |
|---|---|
| Country |  Turkey |
| Region | Mediterranean |
| Province | Hatay |
| Elevation | 67 m (220 ft) |
| Population 2000 | |
| - Total | 144,910 |
| Time zone | EET (UTC+2) |
| - Summer (DST) | EEST (UTC+3) |
| Postal code | 31 |
| Area code(s) | (0)326 |
| Licence plate | 31 |
Antakya (Arabic: انطاكية, Greek: Ἀντιόχεια Antiókheia or Antiócheia) is the seat of the Hatay Province in southern Turkey, near the border with Syria. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches The provinces of Turkey are organized into 7 census-defined regions ( bölge) which were originally defined at the First Geography Congress in 1941 Turkey is divided into 81 provinces called iller in Turkish (singular is il, see Turkish alphabet for capitalization of i The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit Eastern European Time ( EET) is one of the names of UTC+2 Time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+2 corresponds to the following Time zones Eastern European Time Egypt Standard Time Central Africa Time Daylight saving time ( DST Eastern European Summer Time ( EEST) is one of the names of UTC+3 Time zone, 3 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+3 is used in the following locations Moscow Time Eastern European Summer Time West Asian Summer Time A postal code (known in various countries as a post code, postcode, or ZIP code) is a series of letters and/or digits appended to a A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks Turkish car number plates are License plates found on Turkish vehicles Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly Hatay is a province of southern Turkey, on the Mediterranean coast with Syria to the south and east Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية In ancient times the city was known as Antioch and has historical significance for Christianity, being the place where the followers of Jesus Christ were called Christians for the very first time. Antioch on the Orontes (Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Δάφνῃ Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Ὀρόντου or Ἀντιόχεια ἡ Μεγάλη Antiochia ad Orontem also Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings Jesus of Nazareth (7–2 BC / BCE —26–36 AD / CE) The city and its massive walls also played an important role during the Crusades. The Crusades were a series of military campaigns of a religious character waged by much of Christian Europe against external and internal opponents
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Geography
Antakya is located on the banks of the Orontes River (Turkish: Asi Nehri), approximately 22 km (14 mi) inland from the Mediterranean coast. See Orontid dynasty for the Armenian kings and satraps called Orontes Turkish ( tr Türkçe IPA) is a language spoken by over 63 million people worldwide making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. It enjoys a Mediterranean climate with hot and dry summers, and mild and wet winters; however due to its higher altitude, Antakya has slightly cooler temperatures than the coast. A Mediterranean climate is one that resembles the Climate of the lands in the Mediterranean Basin, which includes over half of the area with this climate type world-wide The city is in a valley surrounded by mountains, the Nur Mountains to the north and Mount Keldağ (Jebel Akra to the south, with the 440 m high Mount Habib Neccar (ancient Silpius) forming its eastern limits. The Nur Mountains (Nur Dağları or the "Mountains of Holy Light" also the Amanus or Gâvur Mountains) is a Mountain range in the Hatay The mountains are a source of a green marble. Marble is a nonfoliated Metamorphic rock resulting from the Metamorphism of Limestone, composed mostly of Calcite (a crystalline form of Antakya is at the northern edge of the Dead Sea Rift and vulnerable to earthquakes. The Dead Sea Transform (DST fault system, also sometimes referred to as the Dead Sea Rift, is a Geologic fault which extends through the Jordan River Valley
The plain of Amik to the north-east of the city is fertile soil watered by the Orontes, the Karasu River and the Afrin River, the lake in the plain was drained in 1980 by a French company. Amik was the mascot of the 1976 Summer Olympics. Amik was a Beaver. Strymon redirects here For the Strymon Gulf see Strymonian Gulf. At the same time channels were built to widen the Orontes River and let it pass neatly through the city centre. See Orontid dynasty for the Armenian kings and satraps called Orontes The Orontes is joined in Antakya by the Hacı Kürüş stream to the north-east of the city near the church of St Peter, and the Hamşen which runs down from Habib-i Neccar to the south-west, under Memekli Bridge near the army barracks. Flora includes the bay trees and myrtle. The Myrtle ( Myrtus) is a genus of one or two species of Flowering plants in the family Myrtaceae, native to southern Europe and north
The city of Antakya today
Mount Habib Neccar and the city walls which climb the hillsides symbolise Antakya, making the city a formidable fortress built on a series of hills running north-east to south-west. Antakya was originally centred on the eastern bank of the river but since the 19th century the city has expanded with new neighbourhoods built on the plains across the river to the south-west, and there are four bridges across the river linking the old and new cities. However, as in so much of Turkey, the buildings of the last two decades are all concrete blocks, and Antakya has lost much of its classic beauty. The narrow streets of the old city can be clogged with traffic.
Although the port of Iskenderun has become the largest city in Hatay, Antakya is a provincial capital still of considerable importance as the centre of a large district, growing in wealth and productiveness with the draining of Lake Amik. İskenderun, also Iskenderon (formerly in Greek Ἀλεξανδρέττα Alexandretta; in Arabic الإسكندرون al-ʼIskandarūn The town is a lively shopping and business centre with many restaurants, cinemas and other amenities, centred on a large park opposite the governor's building and the central avenue Kurtuluş Caddesı. The tea gardens, cafes and restaurants in the neighbourhood of Harbiye are one of the city's most popular spots, particularly for the variety of meze in the restaurants. Meze or mezze ( Arabic, مَزة, Greek mezé (μεζέ Bulgarian: мезé / mezé, Turkish The Orontes River is rather smelly when water is low in summer. See Orontid dynasty for the Armenian kings and satraps called Orontes Although the people are generally modern in outlook (the girls are mostly in modern clothes, without headscarves) there is little in the way of wild night life. In the summer heat people will stay outside until late in the night walking with their families and friends and munching on snacks.
Being so near the Syrian border Antakya is a cosmopolitan city unlike most of the cities in Turkey today, and it has not experienced the 1980s and 1990s mass immigration of people from eastern Anatolia that has radically swelled the populations of other Mediterranean cities such as Adana and Mersin. Adana (the ancient Antioch in Cilicia or Antioch on the Sarus) is the capital of Adana Province in Turkey. This article is about the city of Mersin see Mersin Province, (named İçel province until 2002 for information about the surrounding area As a result both Turkish and Arabic are still widely spoken in Antakya although you do not see Arabic written very much. Turkish ( tr Türkçe IPA) is a language spoken by over 63 million people worldwide making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language A mixed community of faiths and demoninations co-exist peacefully here; although almost all the inhabitants are Muslim a substantial proportion adhere to the Alevi and the Arab Nusayri traditions, in 'Harbiye' there is a place to honour the Nusayri saint Hızır. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion Alevis (Aleviler Elewî are a religious sub-ethnic and cultural community in Turkey, numbering in the millions For the Alaouite dynasty of Morocco see Alaouite Dynasty, for the former state now in Yemen see Alawi (sheikhdom The Alawites Al-Khidr (الخضر "the Green One" also transcribed Khidr Khidar Khizr Khizar; or most accurately Ĥiḍr) has a disputed status amongst scholars There are a number of tombs of Muslim saints, both Sunni and Alevi, throughout the city. Sunni Islam is the largest denomination of Islam. Sunni Islam is also referred to as Ahl as-Sunnah wa’l-Jamā‘h (Arabic Alevis (Aleviler Elewî are a religious sub-ethnic and cultural community in Turkey, numbering in the millions There are also still small active Christian communities in the city, the largest church being St Peter and St Paul on Hurriyet Caddesi. With its long history of spiritual and religious movements Antakya is still a place of pilgrimage for Christians and Muslims and furthermore still carries a reputation in Turkey as a centre of spells, fortune telling, miracles and spirits.
Local crafts include a soap scented with oil of bay tree.
Cuisine
The cuisine of Antakya is renowned. Popular dishes include the typical Turkish kebab, served in Antakya with spices and onions in flat unleavened bread, or with yoghurt as ali nazik kebab. Kebab (also transliterated as kabab, kabob, kibob, kebhav, kephav) refers to a variety of meat dishes in Middle Eastern Hot spicy food is a feature of this part of Turkey, along with Turkish coffee and local specialities including:
Sweets
- Künefe - a hot Arabic cheese pastry sweet. Turkish coffee (see name and variants for other names is coffee prepared by boiling finely powdered roast coffee beans in a pot ( Cezve) possibly with Antakya is Turkey's künefe capital, with the pastry shops in the centre all proclaiming themselves king Turkish: kral. Turkish ( tr Türkçe IPA) is a language spoken by over 63 million people worldwide making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. The secret is in the light yellow cheese that they use.
- Müşebbek - rings of deep fried pastry
Savories
- Pomegranate syrup, used as a salad dressing, called debes ramman, a traditional Levantine Arabic dressing. The pomegranate ( Punica granatum) is a Fruit -bearing Deciduous Shrub or small Tree growing to between five and eight metres tall Levantine Arabic (Arabic شامي (Shami and sometimes called Eastern Arabic) is a group of Arabic varieties spoken in the 100 km-wide eastern-Mediterranean
- Semirsek a thin bread with hot pepper, minced meat or spinach filling
- Içli köfte and oruk - varieties of the Arabic kibbeh, deep-fried balls of bulgur stuffed with minced meat
- Spicy chicken, a speciality of Harbiye
- Za'atar a traditional Levantine Arabic spiced thyme, oregano, and sesame seeds, mixed with olive oil, spread on flat arabic bread
- fresh chick peas, munched as a snack
- Hirise
- Hummus - the chick-pea dip
- pureed fava beans
- Surke - the spicy sun-dried cheese
- Çökelek - dried curds served in spicy olive oil
- Eels from the Orontes, spiced and fried in olive oil. Capsicum is a Genus of Plants from the nightshade family ( Solanaceae) native to the Americas, where it was cultivated for thousands Kibbeh or kibbe (also kubbeh) ( Arabic كبة 'kibbeh or 'kubbah is a family of Levantine dishes made of Burghul, chopped Kibbeh or kibbe (also kubbeh) ( Arabic كبة 'kibbeh or 'kubbah is a family of Levantine dishes made of Burghul, chopped Bulgur (also bulghur or burghul)(from Turkish bulgur, known as πλιγούρι, pligoúri, in Greek and Za'atar (زعتر also spelled satar, zahatar or zatr) is a mixture of herbs and Spices used as a Condiment with Levantine Arabic (Arabic شامي (Shami and sometimes called Eastern Arabic) is a group of Arabic varieties spoken in the 100 km-wide eastern-Mediterranean Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language The chickpea ( Cicer arietinum) (also garbanzo bean, Indian pea, ceci bean, bengal gram, chana, kadale kaalu, Meze or mezze ( Arabic, مَزة, Greek mezé (μεζέ Bulgarian: мезé / mezé, Turkish For the biological matter in soil see Humus; for the band see Humus (band. Vicia faba, the broad bean, fava bean, faba bean, horse bean, field bean, tic bean is a species of Shanklish ( Arabic: شنكليش or شنغليش also known as shinklish, shankleesh, sorke, or surke, is a type of Cow Curd is a Dairy product obtained by curdling (coagulating Milk with Rennet or an edible Acidic substance such as Lemon juice Olive oil is a fruit oil obtained from the olive ( Olea europaea; family Oleaceae along with Lilacs Jasmine and ash trees
History
Antiquity
See Antioch for the long, rich history of this area in the ancient and classical periods, dating back to the Calcolithic era of 5000 BC (as revealed by excavations of the mound of Tell-Açana among others). Antioch on the Orontes (Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Δάφνῃ Ἀντιόχεια ἡ ἐπὶ Ὀρόντου or Ἀντιόχεια ἡ Μεγάλη Antiochia ad Orontem also Subsequent rulers of the area include Alexander the Great, who after defeating the Persians in 333 BC followed the Orontes south into Syria. Alexander the Great ( or, Mégas Aléxandros; July 20 356 BC June 10 or June 11 323 BC also known as Alexander III of Macedon (el Ἀλέξανδρος Γ' layout and formatting it should ensure no clashes with the top of the infobox See Orontid dynasty for the Armenian kings and satraps called Orontes The city of Antioch was founded in 300 BC, after the death of Alexander, by the Seleucid King Antiochus Soter, and went on to play an important part in the history as one of the largest cities in the Roman Empire and Byzantium, a key location of the early years of Christianity, the Antiochian Orthodox Church, the rise of Islam and The Crusades. The Seleucid Empire /sə'lusɪd/ ( 312 - 63 BC) was a Hellenistic empire i Antiochus I Soter (unknown - 261 BC was a king of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire. The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial This article is about the city See also Byzantine Empire. Byzantium ( Greek: Βυζάντιον Latin: la BYZANTIVM Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings The Greek Orthodox Church of Antioch, also known as the Eastern Orthodox Church of Antioch and All the East, the Antiochian Orthodox Church, the Orthodox Patriarchate For other meanings including people named 'Islam' see Islam (disambiguation. The Crusades were a series of military campaigns of a religious character waged by much of Christian Europe against external and internal opponents
The Ottoman city of Antakya
In 1822 (and again in 1872), Antakya was hit by an earthquake so when Ottoman general Ibrahim Pasha established his headquarters in the city in 1835, it had only some 5000 inhabitants. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish It was hoped that the city might develop thanks to the Euphrates valley railway, which was supposed to link it to the port of Suedia (now Samandağı). The Euphrates ( ( Arabic: ar نهر الفرات; Turkish: tr Fırat Syriac: syr ܦܪܬ; Hebrew: he פרת Samandağ, is a town in Hatay Province of southern Turkey, at the mouth of the Orontes River on the Mediterranean coast near Turkey's But such plans were doomed to come to naught. Instead, the city was struck by repeated outbreaks of cholera. Cholera, sometimes known as Asiatic cholera or epidemic cholera, is an infectious Gastroenteritis caused by the Bacterium Later the city did nevertheless develop and rapidly resumed much of its old importance when a railway was built along the lower Orontes valley.
The Republic of Hatay and modern Turkey
See Hatay Province for the history of the region during the demise of the Ottoman Empire, the short-lived Republic of Hatay (in 1938), and the areas incorporation into the Republic of Turkey in 1939. Hatay is a province of southern Turkey, on the Mediterranean coast with Syria to the south and east The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish Hatay State (Hatay Devleti لواء الإسكندرونة also known informally as the Republic of Hatay, was a transitional political entity that formally existed from
Places of interest
With its remarkable history there is much for visitors to see in Antakya, although much has doubtless been lost in the rapid and ugly growth of the city in recent decades.
- Antakya Archaeological Museum has the second largest collection of Roman mosaics in the world, found when excavating Roman villas on the hillside at Harbiye. Construction of Antakya Archaeological Museum (also known as Hatay Archaeological Museum started in 1934 on the recommendation of the French archaeologist M The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial Art History Mosaics of the 4th century BC are found in the Macedonian palace-city of Aegae, and they enriched the floors of Hellenistic (Entry is 5 lira for foreigners, 2 lira for Turkish citizens).
- the rock-carved Church of St Peter, with its network of refuges and tunnels carved out of the rock, a site of Christian pilgrimage. The Church of St Peter (St Peter's Cave Church Cave-Church of St Peter near Antioch ( Antakya) Turkey is composed of a cave carved into the mountainside There are also tombs cut into the rock face at various places along the Orontes valley.
- The seedy Gündüz cinema in the city centre was once used as parliament building of the Republic of Hatay. Hatay State (Hatay Devleti لواء الإسكندرونة also known informally as the Republic of Hatay, was a transitional political entity that formally existed from
- the waterfall and restaurants at Harbiye.
- The Ottoman Habib-i Neccar Camii is the oldest mosque in Antakya. The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish
- The labyrinth of narrow streets in the old market area
- The views of the city from the hillsides above
With its rich architectural heritage, Antakya is a member of the Norwich-based European Association of Historic Towns and Regions [2]. History Roman The Romans had their regional capital at Venta Icenorum on the river to the south which is near modern-day Caistor St Edmund The European Association of Historic Towns and Regions ( EAHTR) founded by the Council of Europe in 1999 is a self-governing organisation of some 950 of Europe's Sadly the Roman bridge (thought to date from the era of Diocletian was destroyed in 1972 during the widening and channelling of the Orontes. Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus ( ca. December 22 244 The modern historian Timothy Barnes takes December 22 as his birthdate
Gallery
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 Copperplate print by Abraham Ortelius, Antwerpen, late 16th century |  Project Gutenberg's Young Folks' History of Rome, by Charlotte Mary Yonge, 1880 |  Part of a Roman mozaic with a theater scene. From Antakya Museum (source: [1]). |
External links
- Hatay Antakya
- Antakya being an advertiser
- Radios of Antakya Hatay
- Governorship of Hatay
- Antakya tourism website
- Catholic Church of Antioch
- Antakya Trade and Industry Chamber
- archaeology in Antioch
- map of ancient Antioch
- Antakya Museum
- info on Antioch
- Livecams
- Hatay Radio Station
Twin towns
Aalen, Germany (since 1995). Aalen ( pronounced) is a Town in the German state of Baden-Württemberg. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe.
Notable people
- Alexandros (1st century BC) Greek sculptor
- Selâhattin Ülkümen - Righteous among the nations
References
- Glanville Downey (1963). Alexandros of Antioch was an otherwise unknown artist of the Hellenistic age who is most well known today for the Venus de Milo ( Aphrodite of Milos The 1st century BC started the first day of 100 BC and ended the last day of 1 BC. Selâhattin Ülkümen (born 14 January 1914 in Antakya - 2003 was a Turkish Diplomat and his country's Consul in Righteous among the Nations (חסידי אומות העולם Chassidey Umot HaOlam) which may at times refer to the B'nei Noah or Noahides as well is a term used Ancient Antioch (in English). Princeton University Press. The Princeton University Press is an independent publisher with close connections to Princeton University.
This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
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