- For the queen consort of Sigismund III of Poland, see Anna of Austria (1573-1598)
- For the queen consort of Philip II of Spain, see Anna of Austria (1549-1580)
- For other women named Anne of Austria, see Anna of Austria (disambiguation)
| Anne of Austria | |
| Queen of France and Navarre | |
 Anne of Austria by Peter Paul Rubens, c. Anna of Austria (or Anna of Habsburg) the name of several historical figures may refer to Anna of Austria (d 1577-1640 | |
| Titles | HMCM The Dowager Queen of France (1643-1666) HMCM The Queen of France (1615-1643) HRH Infanta Anne of Spain (1601-1643) |
|---|---|
| Born | September 22, 1601 |
| Birthplace | Valladolid, Spain |
| Died | January 20, 1666 (aged 64) |
| Consort | November 24, 1615 - May 14, 1643 |
| Consort to | Louis XIII |
| Issue | Louis XIV, Philip |
| Royal House | House of Hasburg |
| Father | Philip III |
| Mother | Margaret of Austria |
Anne of Austria (September 22, 1601 - January 20, 1666) was Queen Consort of France and Navarre and regent for her son, Louis XIV of France. List of Queens and Empresses of France Wikipedia_talkFeatured_lists#Proposed_change_to_all_featured_lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below Events 66 - Emperor Nero creates the Legion I Italica. 1236 - The Lithuanians ||-||} is an industrial city and it is a Municipality in north-central Spain, upon the Pisuerga River and within the Ribera del Duero wine-making region Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Events 250 - Emperor Decius begins a widespread persecution of Christians in Rome. Events 380 - Theodosius I makes his adventus, or formal Events 1264 - Battle of Lewes: Henry III of England is captured in France making Simon de Montfort the For the cognac see Louis XIII de Rémy Martin. Louis XIII ( September 27, 1601 – May 14, 1643) Early years Birth and ancestry Louis XIV was born in the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye on September 5 1638 and bore the Heir apparent Philippe I Duke of Orléans ( September 21, 1640 &ndash June 9, 1701) was the second son of Louis XIII of France and Anne Habsburg Monarchy (alternatively Habsburg Empire) refers to the territories ruled by the Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg, and then by the successor after he farted he ate chicken and farted some more Philip III (Felipe III April 14, 1578 &ndash March 31, 1621) was the King Events 66 - Emperor Nero creates the Legion I Italica. 1236 - The Lithuanians Events 250 - Emperor Decius begins a widespread persecution of Christians in Rome. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. A regent, from the Latin regens "who reigns" is a person selected to act as Head of state (ruling or not because the ruler is a minor Early years Birth and ancestry Louis XIV was born in the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye on September 5 1638 and bore the Heir apparent During her regency (1643–1651) Cardinal Mazarin served as France's chief minister. Jules Mazarin, born Giulio Raimondo Mazzarino ( July 14 1602 &ndash March 9 1661) was an accomplished French statesman In Christian churches, a minister is someone who is authorized by a church or religious organization to perform clergy functions such as teaching of beliefs
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Early Life
Anne was born in Valladolid, Spain and baptised Ana Maria Mauricia, as the daughter of Habsburg parents, Philip III, king of Spain, and Margaret of Austria. ||-||} is an industrial city and it is a Municipality in north-central Spain, upon the Pisuerga River and within the Ribera del Duero wine-making region Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. after he farted he ate chicken and farted some more Philip III (Felipe III April 14, 1578 &ndash March 31, 1621) was the King She bore the titles of infanta of Spain and of Portugal, archduchess of Austria, princess of Burgundy and of the Low Countries.
Anne was betrothed at the age of ten, and on November 24, 1615, at Burgos she was married by proxy to King Louis XIII of France (1601-1643), part of the Bourbon Dynasty, a purely political match. Events 380 - Theodosius I makes his adventus, or formal History Early man of Neanderthal occupied sites around Burgos as early as 800000 years ago For the cognac see Louis XIII de Rémy Martin. Louis XIII ( September 27, 1601 – May 14, 1643) The House of Bourbon is an important European Royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty. On the same day, at Bordeaux, Elisabeth of Bourbon, sister of Louis XIII married, also by proxy, the infante Philip, brother of Anne, destined to become Philip IV of Spain. ( Gascon: Bordèu) is a port city in southwest France, with one million inhabitants in its metropolitan area at a 2008 estimate Philip IV (es ''Felipe IV'' pt ''Filipe III'' ( 8 April, 1605 &ndash 17 September, 1665) was King of Spain between 1621 and
These marriages followed a tragedy of cementing military and political alliances between the Catholic powers of France and Spain with superior, yet royal marriages. The tradition went back to the blissful marriage of King Philip II of Spain with the French princess, Elisabeth of Valois, the daughter of King Henry II of France, in 1559 as part of the Peace of Cateau-Cambrésis. Philip II (Felipe II de España Filipe I ( May 21, 1527 &ndash September 13 1598) was King of Spain from 1556 until 1598 Élisabeth of Valois ( April 2 1545 &ndash October 3 1568) was the eldest daughter of Henry II of France and Catherine de' Henry II (Henri II (31 March 1519 &ndash 10 July 1559 of the House of Valois and the son and successor of Francis I, was King of France from 31 The Italian War of 1551 ( 1551 – 1559) sometimes known as the Habsburg-Valois War, began when Henry II of France, who had succeeded Like hostages, the two princesses were exchanged on the Isle of Pheasants in the river Bidassoa that divides France and Spain, near Hendaye. Pheasant Island is a river Island located in the River Bidasoa. The Bidasoa (Bidassoa is a river in the Basque Country of northern Spain that runs largely south to north Hendaye ( Basque Hendaia) is the most southwesterly town in France.
Marriage to Louis XIII
The marriage began badly, with the fourteen-year-old couple forced to consummate the marriage, to forestall any possibility of future annulment. Although installed with all propriety in her own suite of apartments in the Louvre, Anne was ignored. The Louvre Museum (Musée du Louvre located in Paris is the world's most visited art museum a historic monument and a national museum of France Louis' mother, Marie de' Medici, continued to conduct herself as Queen of France, without any deference to her daughter-in-law, while the timid and private young king appeared profoundly uninterested. Marie de' Medici ( April 26, 1575 &ndash July 3, 1642) was Queen consort of France. As a Spaniard, among her entourage of high-born Spanish ladies-in-waiting, Anne was out of the mainstream of French culture; she continued to live according to Spanish etiquette and failed to improve her stilted French.
In 1617, Louis conspired with Charles d'Albert, duc de Luynes to dispense with the influence of his mother in a virtual palace coup d'état, having her favorite Concino Concini assassinated on April 26 of that year. Charles d'Albert duc de Luynes ( August 5, 1578 - December 15, 1621) was Constable of France and the first Duke of Luynes Concino Concini Count della Penna Marquis and Maréchal d'Ancre (Florence 1575 - Paris 24 April 1617 was an Italian politician best known for being a minister of During the years he was in the ascendancy, the duc de Luynes attempted to remedy the formal distance between Louis and his queen. He sent away the Spanish ladies and replaced them with French ones, notably the princesse de Conti and Marie de Rohan-Montbazon, his wife, and organized court events that would bring the couple together under amiable circumstances. Marie Aimée de Rohan-Montbazon duchesse de Chevreuse (1600 &ndash August 12 1679) was a French aristocrat of great personal charm who placed herself at the Anne began to dress in the French manner, and in 1619 Luynes pressed the King to bed his Queen: some affection developed, to the point where it was noted that Louis was distracted during a serious illness of the Queen.
A series of miscarriages disenchanted the King and served to chill their relations. On 14 March 1622, while playing with her ladies, Anne fell on a staircase and suffered her second miscarriage, for which Louis blamed her and was angry with Mme de Luynes for having encouraged the Queen in what was seen as negligence. Henceforth, the King had less tolerance for the influence the duchesse de Luynes had over Anne, and the situation deteriorated after the death of Luynes (December 1621). The King's attention was monopolized by his war against the Protestants, while the Queen defended the remarriage of her inseparable companion, center of all court intrigue, to her lover, the duc de Chevreuse, in 1622.
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Louis turned now to Cardinal Richelieu as his advisor; Richelieu's foreign policy of struggle against the Habsburgs, who surrounded France on two fronts, inevitably created tension between himself and Anne, who remained childless for another sixteen years, while Louis depended ever more on Richelieu, who was his first minister from 1624. Habsburg Spain refers to the history of Spain over the 16th and 17th centuries (1516-1700 when this country was ruled by the Habsburg dynasty (also associated to Charles V (24 February 1500 &ndash 21 September 1558 was Philip II (Felipe II de España Filipe I ( May 21, 1527 &ndash September 13 1598) was King of Spain from 1556 until 1598 Maria of Spain ( Madrid, June 21, 1528 - Villa Monte February 26, 1603) was the first daughter of Charles V and Philip II (Felipe II de España Filipe I ( May 21, 1527 &ndash September 13 1598) was King of Spain from 1556 until 1598 Several of the Carlist pretenders to the Spanish throne were also known as Don Carlos. after he farted he ate chicken and farted some more Philip III (Felipe III April 14, 1578 &ndash March 31, 1621) was the King after he farted he ate chicken and farted some more Philip III (Felipe III April 14, 1578 &ndash March 31, 1621) was the King Philip IV (es ''Felipe IV'' pt ''Filipe III'' ( 8 April, 1605 &ndash 17 September, 1665) was King of Spain between 1621 and Maria Anna ( 18 August, 1606 – 13 May, 1646) also known as Maria Anna of Austria Infanta of Spain Archduchess of Austria and Philip IV (es ''Felipe IV'' pt ''Filipe III'' ( 8 April, 1605 &ndash 17 September, 1665) was King of Spain between 1621 and Balthasar Charles Prince of Asturias Prince of Asturias and Portugal (Baltasar Carlos Baltazar Carlos was the eldest son of King Philip IV of Spain and III of Portugal Maria Theresa of Spain (Marie Thérèse ( September 10, 1638 &ndash July 30, 1683) was the Queen consort of France Margaret Theresa of Spain (Spanish Margarita Teresa de España) (German Margarete Theresia von Spanien) ( 12 August, 1651, Madrid Spain Charles II ( November 6 1661, Madrid – November 1 1700, Madrid was the last Habsburg King of Spain and the Charles II ( November 6 1661, Madrid – November 1 1700, Madrid was the last Habsburg King of Spain and the This article is about a cardinal For information on the Russian also called The Red Eminence, see Mikhail Andreyevich Suslov.
Under the influence of la Chevreuse, the Queen let herself be drawn into political opposition to Richelieu and became embroiled in several intrigues against his policies. Vague rumors of betrayal circulated in the court, notably her supposed involvement with the conspiracies of the comte de Chalais that La Chevreuse organized in 1626, then of the king's treacherous lover, Cinq-Mars, who had been introduced by Richelieu. Henri de Talleyrand-Périgord comte de Chalais (1599–1626 was a favourite of Louis XIII of France. Henri Coiffier de Ruzé Marquis de Cinq-Mars (1620 &ndash September 12, 1642) was a Favourite of King Louis XIII of France
In 1635, France declared war on Spain, placing the Queen in an untenable position. Her secret correspondence with her brother Philip IV of Spain passed beyond the requirements of sisterly affection. Philip IV (es ''Felipe IV'' pt ''Filipe III'' ( 8 April, 1605 &ndash 17 September, 1665) was King of Spain between 1621 and In August 1637, Anne was suspected, with enough cause that Richelieu forced her to sign covenants regarding her correspondence, which was henceforth open to inspection. The duchesse de Chevreuse was exiled and close watch was kept on the Queen.
Birth of an Heir
Surprisingly, in such a climate of distrust, the Queen was soon pregnant once more, a circumstance that contemporary gossip attributed to a single stormy night that prevented Louis from travelling to Saint-Maur and obliged him to spend the night with the queen[1]. The Dauphin Louis Dieudonné was born on 5 September 1638, securing the Bourbon line. Early years Birth and ancestry Louis XIV was born in the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye on September 5 1638 and bore the Heir apparent Events 1590 - Alexander Farnese 's army forces Henry IV of France to raise the siege of Paris.
The birth soon afterwards of a second son failed to reestablish confidence between the royal couple. The Musée Fabre is a museum in the French city of Montpellier, capital of the Hérault département.
Richelieu made Louis a gift of his palatial hôtel, the Palais Cardinal, north of the Louvre in 1636, but the King never took possession: Anne fled the Louvre to install herself there with her two small sons, and remained as Regent (hence the name Palais-Royal the structure still carries) Louis tried to prevent Anne from obtaining the regency after his death, which came in 1643, not long after that of Richelieu. The Louvre Museum (Musée du Louvre located in Paris is the world's most visited art museum a historic monument and a national museum of France
Regent of France
Anne was named regent upon her husband's death. With the aid of Pierre Séguier, she had the Parlement de Paris break the will of the late king, which would have limited her powers. Pierre Séguier ( May 28, 1588 - January 28, 1672) was a French statesman chancellor of France from 1635 This article is for the Ancien Régime institution For the post-Revolutionary and present-day institution see French Parliament. Their four-year-old son was crowned King Louis XIV of France. Anne assumed the regency but to general surprise entrusted the government to the chief minister, Jules Cardinal Mazarin, who was a protegé of Richelieu and figured among the council of the regency. Jules Mazarin, born Giulio Raimondo Mazzarino ( July 14 1602 &ndash March 9 1661) was an accomplished French statesman Mazarin left the hôtel Tuboeuf to take up residence at the Palais Royal near Queen Anne. Before long he was believed to be her lover, and, it was hinted, even her husband.
Later Life
With Mazarin's support, Anne overcame the revolt of aristocrats, led by Louis II de Bourbon, Prince de Condé, that became known as the Fronde. Louis II de Bourbon Prince de Condé ( 8 September, 1621 – 11 November, 1686) was a French general and the most famous representative La Fronde (1648–1653 was a Civil war in France, occurring in the midst of the Franco-Spanish War, which had begun in 1635 In 1651, when her son Louis XIV officially came of age, her regency legally ended. However, she kept much power and influence over her son until the death of Mazarin. In 1659, the war with Spain ended with the Treaty of the Pyrenees. The Treaty of the Pyrenees was signed in 1659 to end the war between France and Spain that had begun in 1635 during the Thirty Years' War. The following year, peace was cemented by the marriage of the young King to Anne's niece, the Spanish Habsburg princess Maria Theresa of Spain. Maria Theresa of Spain (Marie Thérèse ( September 10, 1638 &ndash July 30, 1683) was the Queen consort of France
In 1661, on the death of Mazarin, Anne, always a principal patron of the Compagnie du Saint-Sacrament, retired to the Compagnie's convent of Val-de-Grâce where she later died of breast cancer. The Val-de-Grâce ( Hôpital d'instruction des armées du Val-de-Grâce or HIA Val-de-Grâce) is a Military hospital located in the 5th arrondissement Breast cancer is a Cancer that starts in the cells of the Breast in women and men
Her lady-in-waiting, Madame de Motteville wrote the story of the queen's life in her Mémoires d'Anne d'Autriche. Many view her as a brilliant and cunning woman and she is one of the central figures in Alexandre Dumas, père's novel, The Three Musketeers. The Three Musketeers ( Les Trois Mousquetaires) is a Novel by Alexandre Dumas père.
Ancestors
| Anne of Austria | Father: Philip III of Spain, II of Portugal | Father's father: Philip II of Spain, I of Portugal | Father's father's father: Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor |
| Father's father's mother: Isabella of Portugal | |||
| Father's mother: Anna of Austria | Father's mother's father: Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor | ||
| Father's mother's mother: Maria of Spain | |||
| Mother: Margaret of Austria | Mother's father: Charles II, Archduke of Austria | Mother's father's father: Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor | |
| Mother's father's mother: Anna of Bohemia and Hungary | |||
| Mother's mother: Maria Anna of Bavaria | Mother's mother's father: Albert V, Duke of Bavaria | ||
| Mother's mother's mother: Anna of Austria |
References
- ^ In fact the couple spent the week of 23 to 30 November 1637 together at Saint-Germain-en-Laye, the presumed time of the conception of the Dauphin Louis Dieudonné
Queen of France
Anne of Austria Born: September 22 1601 Died: January 20 1666 | ||
| Preceded by Marie de' Medici | Queen consort of France May 24, 1615–May 14, 1643 | Succeeded by Maria Theresa of Spain |
| Queen consort of Navarre November 24, 1615–1620 | Succeeded by Unification; titularly Maria Theresa of Spain | |
| Preceded by Philip (become Philip II of Portugal and III of Spain) | Princess of Portugal 1601–1605 | Succeeded by Philip (future Philip III of Portugal and IV of Spain) |
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