Map of the Mahajanapadas

The earliest reference to Angas (अंग) occurs in the Atharava Veda (V. The Atharvaveda ( Sanskrit: अथर्ववेद atharvaveda, a Tatpurusha compound of {{IAST|atharvan}}, an ancient Rishi 22. 14) where they find mention along with the Magadhas, Gandharis and the Mujavatas, all apparently as a despised people. The Indo-Aryan languages include some 210 ( SIL estimate languages and dialects spoken by many people in Asia; this language family is a part of the Gandhāra ( Sanskrit: गन्धार Urdu: گندھارا Gandḥārā; also known as Waihind in Persian is the name of an ancient

The Jain Prajnapana ranks the Angas and the Vangas in the first group of Aryan peoples. Jainism, traditionally known as Jain Dharma / Shraman Dharma (जैन धर्म is an ancient religion of India. Aryan is an English word derived from the Sanskrit " Ārya " meaning "noble" or "honorable"

According to Buddhist texts like the Anguttara Nikaya, Anga was one of the sixteen great nations (solas Mahajanapadas) which had flourished in central and north-west India in the 6th century BC. Buddhist texts can be categorized in a number of ways The Western terms "scripture" and "canonical" are applied to Buddhism in inconsistent ways by Western scholars The Anguttara Nikaya (aṅguttaranikāya "Gradual Collection" or "Numerical Discourses" is a Buddhist scripture the fourth of the five Nikayas or Mahajanapadas ( Sanskrit: महाजनपद Mahājanapadas) literally "Great Kingdoms" (from Maha, "great" and Janapada India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country The 6th century BC started the first day of 600 BC and ended the last day of 501 BC.

Anga also finds mention in the Jain Bhagvati-Sutra's list of ancient Janapadas.

The Puranic texts like the Garuda Purana, Vishnu-Dharmottara, and the Markendeya Purana divide the ancient Janpada horizon into nine divisions and place the Janapadas of the Angas, Kalingas, Vangas, Pundras or Pundra Kingdom (now some part of Eastern Bihar i. For other meanings see Purana (disambiguation. The Puranas ( Sanskrit: sa पुराण purāṇa, "of ancient times" Kalinga was a Kingdom in central-eastern India, which comprised most of the modern state of Orissa, as well as some northern areas of the bordering state This article is about the kingdom of Pundra in Indian epic literature Bihar ( Hindi:बिहार Urdu: بہار bɪhaːr) is a state in eastern India. e. Purnea, West Bengal and Bangladesh), Vidarbhas, and Vindhya-vasis in the Purva-Dakshina division. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Purnia is a city and a Municipality in Purnia district in the Indian state West Bengal ( Bengali: পশ্চিমবঙ্গ Poshchim Bônggo poʃtʃim bɔŋgo is a state in eastern India. ( Bengali: বাংলাদেশ inc-Latn Bangladesh) officially The Vindhya Range ( Sanskrit: विन्‍ध्य is a range of older rounded mountains and hills in the west-central Indian subcontinent which geographically (Garuda 55. 12; V. D. I. 9. 4; Markendeya P. 56. 16-18).

Based on Mahabharata evidence, the kingdom of the Angas roughly corresponded to the region of Bhagalpur and Monghyr in Bihar and parts of Bengal; later extended to include most of Bengal. A monarchy is a Form of government in which supreme power is actually or nominally lodged in an individual who is the Head of state, often for life or WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Bhagalpur is a city and Municipal corporation in the Bihar state of Eastern See Munger (disambiguation WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Munger town is the headquarters Bihar ( Hindi:बिहार Urdu: بہار bɪhaːr) is a state in eastern India. Etymology and ethnology The exact origin of the word Bangla or Bengal is unknown though it is believed to be derived from the Dravidian-speaking tribe Bang Etymology and ethnology The exact origin of the word Bangla or Bengal is unknown though it is believed to be derived from the Dravidian-speaking tribe Bang The River Champa (modern Chandan) formed the boundaries between the Magadha in the west and Anga in the east. Magadha (मगध formed one of the sixteen Mahājanapadas ( Sanskrit, "great countries" or regions in ancient India. Anga was bounded by river Koshi on the north. According to the Mahabharata, Duryodhana had named Karna the King of Anga. In the Hindu epic the Mahābhārata, Duryodhana (दुर्योधन is the eldest son of the blind king Dhritarashtra by Queen Gandhari Karna ( Sanskrit: कर्ण written Karṇa in IAST transliteration is one of the central characters of the Mahābhārata.

Sabhaparava of Mahabharata (II. 44. 9) mentions Anga and Vanga as forming one country. Vanga (also known as Banga was a kingdom located in the eastern part of the Indian sub-continent and comprised of modern West Bengal and what is now Bangladesh The Katha-Sarit-Sagara also attests that Vitankapur, a city of Anga was situated on the shores of the sea. Thus the boundaries of Anga may have extended to the sea in the east.

The capital of Anga was Champa. According to Mahabharata and Harivamsa, Champa was formerly known as Malini. The Harivamsha (also Harivamsa; Sanskrit Harivaṃśa sa हरिवंश "the lineage of Hari ( Vishnu)" is an important Champa was located on the right bank of river Ganga near its junction with river Champa. The kingdom of Champa ( Chăm Pa in Vietnamese or Chiêm Thành in Hán Việt records was an Indianized kingdom and controlled what It was a very flourishing city and is referred to as one of six principal cities of ancient India (Digha Nikaya). The Digha Nikaya (dīghanikāya "Collection of Long Discourses" is a Buddhist scripture the first of the five Nikayas or collections In the Jataka stories, the city of Champa is also referred to as Kala-Champa. The Jātaka Tales ( Sanskrit जातक and Pali, Malay: jetaka Lao: satok refer to a voluminous body of Folklore -like literature Maha-Janaka Jataka states that the city was located about sixty yojanas (one yojana = 16. 4 km) from Mithila. Mithila ( Sanskrit: मिथिला mithilā) was a city in Ancient India, the capital of the Videha Kingdom The relics of actual site of ancient Champa are stated to still exist near Bhagalpur in Bihar in the names of two villages called Champanagara and Champapura. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Bhagalpur is a city and Municipal corporation in the Bihar state of Eastern Bihar ( Hindi:बिहार Urdu: بہار bɪhaːr) is a state in eastern India.

Champa was noted for its wealth and commerce. It was also a great center of trade and commerce and its merchants regularly sailed to distant Suvarnabhumi for trading purposes. Suvarṇabhumī or pali Suvaṇṇabhumī, is the name of a land mentioned in many ancient sources such as the Chronicle of Sri Lanka (" Mahavamsa " The ancient name of region and kingdom of Champa of central Vietnam (Lin-yi in Chinese records) apparently has its origin in this east Indian Champa. Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially

Other important cities of Anga are said to be Assapura and Bhadrika.

Mahabharata (I. 104. 53-54) and Puranic literature (Matsya Purana: 48. 19) attest that the name Anga had originated eponymously from the name of Prince Anga, the founder of the kingdom. Matsya Purana describes the father of this eponymous hero as the chief among the demons (Danavarshabhah). The Matsya Purana is the first and oldest of all the Puranas and Hindu scriptures and texts

Bodhayana Dharma Sutra groups the Angas with people of mixed origin and Mahbharata brands an Anga prince (not Karana of the Mahabharata) as a mlechcha and barbarian.

The Puranas list several early kings of Anga. For other meanings see Purana (disambiguation. The Puranas ( Sanskrit: sa पुराण purāṇa, "of ancient times" The Mahagovinda Suttanta refers to king Dhatarattha of Anga. Jain texts refer to Dhadhivahana, as a ruler of the Angas. Puranas and Harivamsa represent him as the son and immediate successor of Anga, the eponymous founder of the kingdom. Jain traditions place him at the beginning of sixth century BCE. Jainism, traditionally known as Jain Dharma / Shraman Dharma (जैन धर्म is an ancient religion of India.

Between the Vatsas and the realm of Anga, lived the Magadhas, who initially were comparatively a weak people. Magadha (मगध formed one of the sixteen Mahājanapadas ( Sanskrit, "great countries" or regions in ancient India. A great struggle went on between the Angas and its eastern neighbors. The Vidhura Pandita Jataka describes Rajagriha (the Magadhan Capital) as the city of Anga and Mahabharata also refers to a sacrifice performed by the king of Anga at Mount Vishnupada (at Gaya). WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Rajgir is a city and a notified area in Nalanda district in the Indian state of Gaya[[http //gayabihnicin/]] is a city in Bihar, India, and it is also the headquarters of Gaya District. This indicates that Anga had initially succeeded in annexing the Magadhas, and thus its borders extended to the kingdom of Matsya country. This article concerns the Hindu avatar For the ancient kingdom see Matsya Rajya.

This success of Angas did not last long. About the middle of 6th century BC, Bimbisara, the crown prince of Magadha had killed Brahmadatta, the last independent king of Anga and seized Champa. Bimbisara ( Sanskrit: बिम्भिसार 558 BC—491 BC was a king of the Magadha empire from 543 BC to his death and belonged to the Hariyanka dynasty Bimbisara made it as his head-quarters and ruled over it as his father's Viceroy. Thenceforth, Anga became an integral part of growing Magadha empire (PHAI, 1996).

See also

• Mahajanapadas