Andrew Young
United States Ambassador to the United Nations
In office 1977 – 1979
President	Jimmy Carter
Preceded by	William Scranton
Succeeded by	Donald McHenry
Born	March 12, 1932 (1932-03-12) (age 76) New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
Political party	Democratic
Spouse	Carolyn M. The United States Ambassador to the United Nations (full title Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations, with the rank and status Also 1977 (album by Ash. Year 1977 ( MCMLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays Year 1979 ( MCMLXXIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1979 Gregorian calendar) James Earl "Jimmy" Carter Jr (born October 1 1924 was the thirty-ninth President of the United States, serving from 1977 to 1981 and the recipient of the 2002 William Warren Scranton (born July 19 1917) is a former US Republican Party politician. Donald Franchot McHenry ( October 13 1936 -) was the United States Ambassador and Permanent Representative to the United Nations from September 1979 Events 538 - Witiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving Year 1932 ( MCMXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. New Orleans (nʲuːˈɔrliənz nʲuːˈɔrlənz French: La Nouvelle-Orléans) is a major United States port city and the largest city in Louisiana The State of Louisiana ( or, État de Louisiane, pronounced) is a state located in the southern region of the United States of America The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. Young
Profession	Pastor and Politician
Religion	United Church of Christ

Andrew Jackson Young, Jr. A pastor is an official person within a Protestant group of people and related to the positions of Priest or Bishop within the Anglican, Roman Catholic A politician (from Greek " Polis " is an individual who is involved in influencing public decision making through the influence of Politics or a person The United Church of Christ ( UCC) is a mainline Protestant Christian denomination principally in the United States, (born March 12, 1932) is an American civil rights activist, former U.S. congressman and mayor of Atlanta, Georgia, and was the United States' first African-American ambassador to the United Nations. Events 538 - Witiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving Year 1932 ( MCMXXXII) was a Leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government The State of Georgia ( is a state in the United States and was one of the original Thirteen Colonies that revolted against British rule The United States of America —commonly referred to as the African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa The United States Ambassador to the United Nations (full title Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations, with the rank and status The Andrew Young School of Policy Studies at Georgia State University in Atlanta was named after him. The Andrew Young School of Policy Studies is located within Georgia State University. Georgia State University ( GSU) is an urban Research University in Downtown Atlanta, Georgia, USA. International Boulevard, near the Centennial Olympic Park, has been re-named Andrew Young International Boulevard, in honor of his efforts to secure the Olympic bid for Atlanta. Centennial Olympic Park is a 21 acre (85000 m² public Park located in Downtown Atlanta, Georgia, USA that is owned and operated

Background

Early life

Andrew Young's mother, Daisy Fuller Young, was a school teacher, and his father, Andrew Jackson Young, Sr. , was a dentist. He hired a professional boxer to teach Andrew and his brother how to fight, so they could defend themselves. From that, Andrew learned that violence was very bad.

Education

After beginning his higher education at Dillard University, Young transferred to Howard University in Washington, D.C., in 1947, and received his Bachelor of Science and pre-medical degrees there in 1951. Dillard University is a private historically black Liberal arts college in New Orleans Louisiana. Howard University is a private, Coeducational Nonsectarian University located in Washington D Washington DC ( formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D He originally had planned to follow his father's career of dentistry, but then felt a religious calling. He entered the ministry and received a Bachelor of Divinity degree from Hartford Seminary in Hartford, Connecticut, in 1955. Hartford Seminary is a theological college in Hartford, Connecticut, USA.

Young is a member of Alpha Phi Alpha, the first inter-collegiate Greek-letter organization established for African Americans. Alpha Phi Alpha ( ΑΦΑ) is the first intercollegiate fraternity established by African Americans Founded on December 4 1906 on the campus of The Greek alphabet (Ελληνικό αλφάβητο is a set of twenty-four letters that has been used to write the Greek language since the late 9th or early Fraternities and sororities (from the Latin words la frater and la soror, meaning "brother" and "sister" respectively are fraternal

On Tuesday April 1, 2008, Young was awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Humane Letters, honoris causa from Bridgewater College during the 11 a. Events 527 - Byzantine Emperor Justin I names his nephew Justinian I as co-ruler and successor to the throne 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Bridgewater College, is a private, Coeducational, four-year Liberal-arts College historically affiliated with the Church of the Brethren m. convocation in the Carter Center for Worship and Music led by Bridgewater President Phillip C. Stone. ^[1]

Civil rights

Young was appointed to serve as pastor of a church in Marion, Alabama. Marion is the County seat of Perry County Alabama. As of the 2000 census the population of the city is 3511 Alabama (formally the State of Alabama;) is a State located in the southern region of the United States of America. It was there in Marion that he met Jean Childs, who later became his wife. Also while in Marion, Young began to study the writings of Mohandas Gandhi. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi ( Gujarati: મોહનદાસ કરમચંદ ગાંધી moɦən̪d̪äs kəɾəmʧən̪d̪ gän̪d̪ʱi (2 October 1869 – 30 January Young became interested in Gandhi's concept of non-violent resistance as a tactic for social change. He encouraged African-Americans to register to vote in Alabama, and sometimes faced death threats while doing so. African Americans or Black Americans are citizens or residents of the United States who have origins in any of the black populations of Africa He became a friend and ally of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., at this time. Martin Luther King Jr ( January 15, 1929 April 4, 1968) was an American clergyman, Activist and prominent leader In 1957, Young moved to New York City to accept a job with the National Council of Churches. The City of New York The National Council of the Churches of Christ in the USA (usually identified as National Council of Churches, or NCC) is an association of 35 Christian However, as the Civil Rights Movement gained momentum, Young decided that his place was back in the South. The American Civil Rights Movement (1955–1968 refers to the reform movements in the United States aimed at abolishing racial discrimination against African He moved to Atlanta, Georgia, and again worked on drives to register black voters. In 1960 he joined the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. The Southern Christian Leadership Conference ( SCLC) is an American Civil rights organization Young was jailed for his participation in civil rights demonstrations, both in Selma, Alabama, and in St. Augustine, Florida. Selma is a city in and the County seat of Dallas County, Alabama, United States, located on the banks of the Alabama River. Alabama (formally the State of Alabama;) is a State located in the southern region of the United States of America. St Augustine is the County seat of St Johns County, Florida, in the United States. Florida ( is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States, bordering Alabama to the northwest and Georgia to the Young played a key role in the events in Birmingham, Alabama, serving as a mediator between the white and black communities. In 1964 Young was named executive director of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), becoming, in that capacity, one of Dr. The Southern Christian Leadership Conference ( SCLC) is an American Civil rights organization King's principal lieutenants. He was with King in Memphis, Tennessee, when King was assassinated in 1968. Memphis is a City in the southwest corner of Tennessee, and the County seat of Shelby County. Tennessee ( is a state located in the Southern United States. AssassiNation is the sixth album by Krisiun, released in 2006 on Century Media.

In 2005, to honor the 40th anniversary of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, Ambassador Young, William Wachtel and Norman Ornstein founded Why Tuesday?, a nonpartisan group dedicated to increasing voter participation. Background See also [[Disfranchisement after the Civil War]] The 13th Amendment, ratified in 1865 after the Civil War, abolished and prohibited Norman J Ornstein is a Political scientist and a resident scholar at the American Enterprise Institute (AEI a Conservative -leaning Washington D Why Tuesday? is a Nonpartisan Election reform organization Their goal is to increase voter participation in the United States of America by creating

Career in Congress

In 1970 Andrew Young ran as a Democrat for Congress from Georgia, but was unsuccessful. The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses After his defeat, Rev. Fred C. Bennette, Jr. , introduced him to Murray M. Silver, Esq. , Atlanta, Georgia, Attorney, who served as his campaign finance chairman, promoted concerts featuring top entertainers including Harry Belafonte and Bill Withers. He ran again in 1972 and won. He later was re-elected in 1974 and in 1976. During his four-plus years in Congress he was a member of the Congressional Black Caucus, and he was involved in several debates regarding foreign relations including the decision to stop supporting the Portuguese attempts to hold on to their colonies in southern Africa. The Congressional Black Caucus is an organization representing the African American members of the Congress of the United States.

Diplomatic career

Ambassador Young, calling from New York City on an STU-I secure phone during the Israel-Egypt peace talks. The STU-I, like its successors sometimes known as a "stew phone" was a secure telephone developed by the U (NSA museum)

In 1977 President Jimmy Carter appointed Young Ambassador to the U. The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by James Earl "Jimmy" Carter Jr (born October 1 1924 was the thirty-ninth President of the United States, serving from 1977 to 1981 and the recipient of the 2002 The United States Ambassador to the United Nations (full title Representative of the United States of America to the United Nations, with the rank and status N. His controversial statements made headlines almost from the start. He played a leading role in advancing a settlement in Zimbabwe with Robert Mugabe, despite the latter's avowed commitment to marxism. He was criticized for many of his statements, such as his suggestion that Cuban troops brought stability to Angola.

Atlanta mayor

In 1981, Young was elected mayor of Atlanta, succeeding Maynard Jackson. A mayor (from the Latin māior, meaning "greater" is a modern title used in many countries for the highest ranking officer in a municipal government Maynard Holbrook Jackson Jr ( March 23, 1938 – June 23, 2003) was an American politician a member of the Democratic He was re-elected in 1985. As mayor, Young brought the city to national prominence by encouraging international investment which, in turn, improved the Atlanta economy after it was hit hard by recession. A recession is a contraction phase of the Business cycle. The U He was instrumental in bringing the 1988 Democratic National Convention to Atlanta. The 1988 National Convention of the US Democratic Party was held at The Omni in Atlanta Georgia from July 18 &ndash July

Private citizen

Young ran unsuccessfully for Governor of Georgia in 1990, losing in the Democratic primary run-off to future Governor Zell Miller. Colonial governors James Oglethorpe, Resident Trustee, 1733 - 1743 ( Oglethorpe County) William Stephens, The Democratic Party is one of two major Political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. Zell Bryan Miller (born February 24 1932 is an American Politician from the U However, while running for the Statehouse, he simultaneously was serving as a co-chairman of a committee which, at the time, was attempting to bring the 1996 Summer Olympics to Atlanta. The 1996 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXVI Olympiad and unofficially known as the Centennial Olympics, were an International Though his successor, Maynard Jackson, was able to enjoy the spotlight when the announcement came that Atlanta had won the right to host the Summer Games, Young almost certainly was more instrumental in the success of the Atlanta bid. Maynard Holbrook Jackson Jr ( March 23, 1938 – June 23, 2003) was an American politician a member of the Democratic The 1996 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXVI Olympiad and unofficially known as the Centennial Olympics, were an International Also in 1996 he wrote his auto-biography.

Today, Young is co-chairman of Good Works International, a consulting firm "offering international market access and political risk analysis in key emerging markets within Africa and the Caribbean. " The company's Web site also notes that "GWI principals have backgrounds in human rights and public service. The concept of enhancing the greater good is intrinsic to our business endeavors. " Nike is one of Good Works' most visible corporate clients. In the late 1990s, at the height of controversy over the company's labor practices, Young led a delegation to report on Nike operations in Vietnam. Nike Inc ('naɪki ( is a major publicly traded sportswear and equipment supplier based in the United States. Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially Anti-sweatshop activists derided the report as a whitewash and raised concerns that Nike was trading on Young's background as a civil-rights activist to improve Nike's corporate image. Young also has been a director of the Drum Major Institute, and also is the chairman of the board for the Global Initiative for the Advancement of Nutritional Therapy. The Drum Major Institute for Public Policy (DMI is a Non-profit American progressive public policy institute founded during the Civil Rights ^[2]

In 2004 Young briefly considered running for U.S. Senate after the incumbent, Zell Miller, announced his retirement, but decided not to re-enter public life. The United States Senate is the Upper house of the bicameral United States Congress, the Lower house being the House of Representatives Zell Bryan Miller (born February 24 1932 is an American Politician from the U

In February, 2006 Young accepted a position as chairman of Working Families for Wal-Mart, a grass-roots public relations campaign sponsored by the corporate giant as a public response to widespread criticism that many of the company's American employees and their children are on public assistance, that the company uses child labor, that the company discriminates against female and African-American employees, and that workers manufacturing Wal-Mart products are subjected to abusive conditions and sub-poverty wages. Working Families for Wal-Mart is an advocacy group formed by Wal-Mart and the Edelman public relations firm on December 20, 2005. Welfare is financial assistance paid to people by governments Child labor is the employment of Children at regular and sustained labour Unlike most discrimination policies discrimination between, which is the discernment of qualities and recognition of the differences focused here discrimination against is Wal-Mart Stores Inc (or Walmart as written in its new logo is an American public corporation that runs a chain of large discount department stores Poverty (also called penury) is deprivation of common necessities that determine the quality of life including food clothing shelter and safe Drinking water, and

In an interview in 2006 a Los Angeles Sentinel correspondent asked Young whether he worried that Wal-Mart causes smaller, mom-and-pop stores to close. The Los Angeles Sentinel is a weekly African American -owned Newspaper published in Los Angeles California. He replied with comments that were criticized as racist:

Following the wide-spread publication of these comments, Young announced on August 17, 2006, that he had ended his involvement with Working Families for Wal-Mart. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ^[3]

The Benton County Daily Record of August 26, 2006, reports:

In an interview in 2007, Young commented that Barack Obama was too young to be president, saying: "I want Barack Obama to be president," Young said, pausing for effect, "in 2016. " Also adding about Bill Clinton, "Bill is every bit as black as Barack. He’s probably gone with more black women than Barack. " Young quickly followed that comment with the disclaimer, "I’m clowning. "^[5]

Also in 2007, Young appeared as a guest on the Comedy Central talk show parody The Colbert Report. The Colbert Report (/kolˈbɛr rəˈpɔr/&mdashthe t is silent in "Colbert" is a Peabody Award and Emmy Award winning American Host Stephen Colbert invited Young to appear during the writer's strike, because, many years earlier, Young and Colbert's father had worked together, but on opposite sides, to mediate a hospital workers' strike in Charleston, South Carolina. Stephen Tyrone Colbert ( born May 13 1964 is an American Comedian, satirist, Actor and Writer, known for his ironic style Charleston is a city in Charleston county in the US state of South Carolina.

Documentary producer

"Rwanda Rising" premiered as the opening night selection at the Pan African Film Festival in Los Angeles in 2007. Produced, narrated and financed by Young, this ambitious documentary told of a remarkable transformation taking place in the small African nation just over a dozen years after one of the worst genocides in history. Although the story had been all but overlooked by the mainstream media -- which Young believes has systemically failed to report positive stories from Africa -- he found the people of Rwanda no longer identified themselves by ethnic group, but, rather, had forgiven one another and joined forces as Rwandans to rebuild their country.

A number of prominent African American actors supported Young's project with voiceovers, including Danny Glover, Forrest Whitaker, Louis Gossett Jr. , Levar Burton, Cicely Tyson, Phylicia Rashad, Jasmine Guy, Jimmy Jean-Louis, Lorraine Toussaint, and Elisabeth Omilami.

An edited version of "Rwanda Rising" served as the pilot episode of "Andrew Young Presents," a series of quarterly, hour long specials airing on nationally syndicated television. Each program expands on Young's optimism with regard to Africa and the world.

Young has said he is working on documentaries in Nigeria and Tanzania and has completed major videotaping.

References

• Andrew Young, An Easy Burden: The Civil Rights Movement and the Transformation of America New York: HarperCollins, 1996.
• Bartlett Jones, Flawed Triumphs: Andy Young at the United Nations Lanham: University Press of America, 1996.
• Andrew DeRoche, Andrew Young: Civil Rights Ambassador Wilmington: Scholarly Resources, 2003.
• Oral History Interview by Dr. Mel Steely, May 1997 (Georgia's Political Heritage Project,University of West Georgia)
• Young's Presidential Medal of Freedom
• Transcript, Andrew J. Young, Jr., Oral History Interview I, 1970-06-18, by Thomas H. Year 1970 ( MCMLXX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 618 - Coronation of the Chinese governor Li Yuan as Emperor Gaozu of Tang, the new Emperor of China, initiating three centuries Baker, Internet Copy, LBJ Library. Accessed 2005-04-03. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1043 - Edward the Confessor is crowned King of England.
• Oral history interview by Jack Bass and Walter DeVries, January 1974 (Southern Oral History Program, UNC-Chapel Hill)
• Biography (entry in the New Georgia Encyclopedia)
• Andrew Young Global Health Institute, a project of the Global Initiative for the Advancement of Nutritional Therapy
• Andrew Young School of Policy Studies
• Andrew Young biography and video interview excerpts by The National Visionary Leadership Project
• Good Works International, founder
• Andrew Young's federal campaign contribution report
• Andrew Young at the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress