Analog Science Fiction and Fact is an American science fiction magazine. Katherine Anne MacLean (born January 22, 1925) is an American Science fiction author best known for her short stories of the 1950s which examined the impact The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Magazines, periodicals or serials are Publications generally published on a regular schedule containing a variety of articles, generally As of 2007, it is the longest continually published magazine of that genre. Initially published in 1930 in the United States as Astounding Stories as a pulp magazine, it has undergone several name changes, primarily to Astounding Science-Fiction in 1938, and Analog Science Fact & Fiction in 1960. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Pulp magazines (or pulp fiction; often referred to as "the pulps" were inexpensive Fiction magazines In November 1992, its logo changed to use the term "Fiction and Fact" rather than "Fact & Fiction".
One of the major publications of what fans and historians call the Golden Age of Science Fiction and afterward, it has published much-reprinted work by such major SF authors as E.E. Smith, Theodore Sturgeon, Isaac Asimov, Robert A. Heinlein, A. E. Van Vogt, Lester del Rey, and many others. The first Golden Age of Science Fiction, often recognized as a period from the late 1930s or early 1940s through to the 1950s was an era during which the science fiction genre gained wide E E Smith, also Edward Elmer Smith PhD, EE "Doc" Smith, Doc Smith, "Skylark" Smith, and (to family Ted Theodore Sturgeon (born Edward Hamilton Waldo on February 26, 1918; died May 8, 1985) was an American Science fiction Isaac Asimov (c January 2 1920 &ndash April 6 1992 ˈaɪzək ˈæzɪmʌv originally Исаак Озимов but now transcribed into Russian as, was a Russian Robert Anson Heinlein (July 7 1907 – May 8 1988 was an American Novelist and Science fiction Writer. Alfred Elton van Vogt (April 26 1912 – January 26 2000 was a Canadian -born Science fiction author who was one of the most prolific Lester del Rey ( June 2 1915 &ndash May 10 1993) was an American Science fiction author and editor.
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The Clayton Astounding
Astounding Stories of Super-Science was initially published by Publisher's Fiscal Corporation, which later became Clayton Magazines. The first issue appeared in December 1929 (cover date January 1930) under the editorship of Harry Bates. Harry Bates ( Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, October 9, 1900 &ndash September 1981 was an American Science fiction editor This incarnation of Astounding was a pulp magazine in every sense of the word, printed on thick, poor quality paper with untrimmed edges, adorned by lurid covers, and offering relatively uncomplicated space adventure stories. Pulp magazines (or pulp fiction; often referred to as "the pulps" were inexpensive Fiction magazines However, Bates' emphasis on well-constructed stories, with the science being plausible, can be seen as beginning a trend continued in later versions of the magazine. [1] After the first year of publication, the original name Astounding Stories of Super-Science was shortened to Astounding Stories. Clayton went out of business in early 1933, and the last Clayton Astounding was dated March 1933.
F. Orlin Tremaine
Following the demise of Clayton, Astounding Stories was bought by Street & Smith, who started to issue their own version of the magazine in October of 1933 with F. Orlin Tremaine as editor. Street & Smith or Street & Smith Publications Inc was a New York City publisher specializing in inexpensive paperbacks and magazines referred to as pulp fiction F Orlin Tremaine ( January 7, 1899 - October 22, 1956) was an American Science fiction editor Under Tremaine's control, Astounding became a much more serious publication than its previous incarnation. Tremaine introduced the concept of the 'thought variant' story, encouraging authors to come up with genuinely new science fiction ideas rather than recycling the old adventure plots. Stories in the Tremaine Astounding include "Old Faithful" by Raymond Z. Gallun, "Parasite Planet" and "The Lotus Eaters" by Stanley G. Weinbaum, "Sidewise in Time" and "Proxima Centauri" by Murray Leinster, and "Minus Planet" by John D. Clark. Raymond Zinke Gallun ( March 22, 1911 - April 2, 1994) was an early Science fiction Writer. Parasite Planet is a Science fiction Short story by Stanley G The Lotus Eaters is a Science fiction Short story by Stanley G Stanley Grauman Weinbaum ( April 4, 1902 - December 14, 1935) was a Jewish American Science fiction author "Sidewise in Time" is a Science fiction Short story by Murray Leinster that was first published in the June 1934 issue of Astounding Proxima Centauri is a Science fiction Short story by Murray Leinster that first appeared in the March 1935 issue of Astounding Stories Murray Leinster ( June 16, 1896 in Norfolk Virginia - June 8, 1975) was a Nom de plume of William Fitzgerald Jenkins John Drury Clark PhD ( August 15, 1907 -July 1988 was a noted American Rocket fuel developer Chemist, and Science fiction In 1934, Astounding became one of the first fiction magazines to print a major work of non-fiction, in the form of Charles Fort's Lo!, which was serialized in eight parts between April and November (this was not the first appearance of Lo!, which had been published in book form three years earlier). Charles Hoy Fort ( 6 August, 1874 &ndash 3 May, 1932) was a Dutch-American writer and researcher into anomalous phenomena Lo! was the third published Nonfiction work of the author Charles Fort (first edition 1931) By the time Tremaine relinquished editorship in 1937 Astounding had gained a reputation in science fiction fandom as the leading magazine of its time. Science fiction fandom or SF fandom is a community of people actively interested in Science fiction and Fantasy literature, and in contact with one another
John W. Campbell
The Golden Age
Following eight years of publication under two editors, John W. Campbell took over from the October 1937 issue. John Wood Campbell Jr (June 8 1910 – July 11 1971 was an important Science fiction editor and writer The period of Campbell's editorship between the late 1930s and late 1940s is often referred to as "the golden age of Astounding", or even the "Golden Age of Science Fiction". The first Golden Age of Science Fiction, often recognized as a period from the late 1930s or early 1940s through to the 1950s was an era during which the science fiction genre gained wide
One of Campbell's first editorial acts, in March 1938, was to retitle the magazine Astounding Science-Fiction. He brought an unprecedented insistence on placing equal emphasis on both words of "science fiction. " No longer satisfied with gadgetry and action alone, Campbell demanded that his writers think out how science and technology might really develop in the future - and, most important, how those changes would affect the lives of human beings. This new sophistication soon made Astounding the undisputed leader in the field.
Perhaps Campbell's most important achievement during the 1940s was to nurture the careers of a number of young and often previously unpublished writers by offering copious amounts of feedback and encouragement, even if accompanied by a rejection slip. Among Campbell's most important "discoveries" of this period were Isaac Asimov, Robert A. Heinlein and A. E. Van Vogt. Isaac Asimov (c January 2 1920 &ndash April 6 1992 ˈaɪzək ˈæzɪmʌv originally Исаак Озимов but now transcribed into Russian as, was a Russian Robert Anson Heinlein (July 7 1907 – May 8 1988 was an American Novelist and Science fiction Writer. Alfred Elton van Vogt (April 26 1912 – January 26 2000 was a Canadian -born Science fiction author who was one of the most prolific
Campbell revealed a sly sense of humor in the November 1949 issue. He had always encouraged literary criticism by Astounding's readership, and in the November 1948 issue he published a letter to the editor by a reader named Richard A. Hoen that contained a detailed ranking of the contents of an issue one year in the future. Campbell went along with the joke and contracted stories from most of the authors mentioned in the letter that would follow the fan's imaginary story titles. One of the best-known stories from that issue is "Gulf", by Robert A. Heinlein. Gulf ( 1949) is a Novella by Robert A Heinlein, originally published as a serial in the November and December 1949 issues of Robert Anson Heinlein (July 7 1907 – May 8 1988 was an American Novelist and Science fiction Writer. Other stories and articles were written by a number of the most famous authors of the time: Isaac Asimov, Theodore Sturgeon, Lester del Rey, A. E. van Vogt, L. Sprague de Camp, and the astronomer R. S. Richardson. Isaac Asimov (c January 2 1920 &ndash April 6 1992 ˈaɪzək ˈæzɪmʌv originally Исаак Озимов but now transcribed into Russian as, was a Russian Theodore Sturgeon (born Edward Hamilton Waldo on February 26, 1918; died May 8, 1985) was an American Science fiction Lester del Rey ( June 2 1915 &ndash May 10 1993) was an American Science fiction author and editor. Alfred Elton van Vogt (April 26 1912 – January 26 2000 was a Canadian -born Science fiction author who was one of the most prolific Lyon Sprague de Camp, ( November 27 1907 – November 6 2000) was an American science fiction and fantasy author Robert Shirley Richardson (1902 &ndash 1981 was an American astronomer. [2]
In a minor change, in the November issue of 1946 the name of the magazine was changed from Astounding Science-Fiction to Astounding SCIENCE FICTION, with the hyphen missing and the last two words in large block letters. It would retain this logo until January, 1953. [3]
Transitional years
Campbell continued at the helm of Astounding throughout the 1950s, but the magazine's style and reputation altered somewhat during this period. Part of this was due to the emergence of Astounding's first serious competitors like The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction and Galaxy Science Fiction, and the boom in paperback originals, which meant that Astounding was no longer the only place to find top-quality science fiction. The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction (later Fantasy & Science Fiction and usually referred to as just F&SF) is a digest-size Galaxy Science Fiction was a digest-size Science fiction magazine, the creation of noted editor H Paperback, softback, or softcover describe and refer to a Book by the nature of its binding. A second reason was Campbell's increasing interest in what can be described as fringe science, in particular psionics and antigravity-type devices such as the Dean drive. Fringe science is scientific Inquiry in an established Field of study which departs significantly from Mainstream or Orthodox Psionics is the study and/or practice of using the mind to induce paranormal phenomena Anti-gravity is the idea of creating a place or object that is free from the force of Gravity. The Dean drive is a device intended to be a reactionless thruster that was invented by Norman L However, this reflected a shift in subject matter rather than quality, and such topics were always dealt with in a serious and rational way.
Many historically important stories and articles continued to appear in the pages of Astounding during the 1950s. Tom Godwin's "The Cold Equations" - sometimes listed as one of the top dozen or so best science fiction short stories - was published in the August 1954 issue. " The Cold Equations " is a Science fiction short story by Tom Godwin, first published in Astounding Magazine in 1954 It generated more response mail than any story the magazine had ever printed. Writer L. Ron Hubbard published the first article on his Dianetics concepts, which would soon expand into Scientology, in the magazine in May 1950. Lafayette Ronald Hubbard (March 13 1911 &ndash January 24 1986 was a fiction writer who devised a self-help technique called Dianetics and philosophy known as Scientology Dianetics is a set of ideas and practices regarding the relationship between the spirit mind and body that were developed by L Scientology is a body of beliefs and related practices initially created by American Science fiction author L [1]
Birth of Analog
Throughout his editorship of Astounding, Campbell felt the title of the magazine was too "sensational" or "juvenile" to reflect what it was actually doing. He addressed this as far back as 1946 by de-emphasizing the word "Astounding", printing it in narrow script above the bold words "SCIENCE FICTION". However, this was not enough, and he renamed the magazine Analog in 1960. Over the course of eight issues, from February to September 1960, the title logo was changed; the large initial "A" stayed the same while the letters "stounding" were faded down and the letters "nalog" faded up on top of them. Bibliographers often abbreviate the magazine as ASF, which can of course stand for either title. The word "and" was sometimes replaced in the logo by a pseudo-mathematical symbol comprising a horizontal right-pointing arrow piercing an inverted U-shape. This is a listing of common symbols found within all branches of the science of Mathematics. The symbol, apparently invented by Campbell, was said to mean "analogous to. "
Ben Bova's Analog
After Campbell died suddenly in 1971, Ben Bova took over as editor starting with the January 1972 issue. Benjamin William Bova (born November 8, 1932) is an American Science fiction author and editor He remained in this capacity until November 1978. He won the Hugo Award for Best Professional Editor for 5 consecutive years, 1973 through 1978. The Hugo Awards are given annually by members of the World Science Fiction Convention for the best science fiction or fantasy works (The award did not exist before 1973. )
21st century
Bova was succeeded as editor by Stanley Schmidt at the end of 1978. Stanley Albert Schmidt ( March 7, 1944 -) is an American Science fiction Author, and since 1978 has been the editor Continuing as editor as of 2007, Schmidt has been nominated for the Hugo Award for Best Professional Editor for 26 consecutive years, 1980 through 2006, without winning. Through his tenure, Analog has been the best-selling English-language SF magazine in the world.
Analog frequently publishes new authors, including then-newcomers such as Orson Scott Card and Joe Haldeman in the 1970s, Harry Turtledove, Timothy Zahn, Greg Bear and Joseph H. Delaney in the 1980s, and Paul Levinson and Michael A. Burstein in the 1990s. Orson Scott Card (born August 24, 1951) is a bestselling American Author, Critic, political writer and speaker. Joe William Haldeman is an American Science fiction author. Life and work Haldeman was born in 1943 in Oklahoma City Oklahoma Harry Norman Turtledove (born June 14 1949) is an American historian and novelist who has written Historical fiction, Fantasy, and Timothy Zahn (born September 1, 1951) is a writer of Science fiction short stories and novels Gregory Dale Bear (born August 20, 1951) is an American Science fiction and mainstream author Joseph Henry Delaney (1932-1999 was a US lawyer and Science fiction writer Paul Levinson (born 1947 is an American Author and Professor of Communications and Media studies at Fordham University For the article about the Israeli American actor see Mike Burstyn Michael A
Each year, Analog conducts a readers' poll—called the Analytical Laboratory, or AnLab—to determine the favorite stories, articles and cover art published in the magazine in the previous year. Many recipients of the AnLab Award have gone on to receive the Hugo Award. The Hugo Awards are given every year for the best Science fiction or Fantasy works and achievements of the previous year
British reprint editions
From August 1939 until April 1963, the version of ASF that was sold in the United Kingdom was quite different from the American original. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located These "British Reprint Editions", as they were known, were published by the Atlas Publishing and Distributing Company under license from Street and Smith. Street & Smith or Street & Smith Publications Inc was a New York City publisher specializing in inexpensive paperbacks and magazines referred to as pulp fiction The material in the British editions was a subset of the original magazine contents, in the sense that there was nothing in the British edition that had not previously appeared in the U. S. version, but that parts of the original contents were quite often omitted from the British version. This was particularly true up to October 1953, when the British edition was much slimmer than its American counterpart. For this reason the serials, editorials, factual articles and letter columns that were often the most appealing features of the American version were denied to British readers.
The material appearing in the British reprint was usually taken from the American issue dated three or four months earlier. However, this was never systematic, and cross-reference between U. S. and British editions is a complicated process. A further anomaly occurs because the covers of the British editions were almost always redrawn from the corresponding American edition, possibly for copyright reasons. Copyright is a legal concept enacted by Governments, giving the creator of an original work of authorship Exclusive rights to control its distribution usually for At first sight the covers often look the same, but closer inspection reveals subtle differences. [2]
Like the American original, the British Reprint Edition underwent a gradual change of title from Astounding to Analog. However, due to the lag in contents and cover image, this process was completed a few months later - the first issue completely devoid of the Astounding logo was February 1961 rather than October 1960. The final British Reprint Edition of Analog appeared in April 1963; after this time the American version published by Condé Nast Publications was imported directly into the UK. Condé Nast Publications Inc is a worldwide Magazine Publishing company
Circulation
Analog's circulation has fallen from a high of about 115,000 per month in 1983, to 28,319 in 2006. [4]
Reputation
The magazine is known for focusing on the science and technology aspect of science fiction. Author George R.R. Martin described Analog as having "the reputation of being hard-nosed, steel-clad, scientifically rigorous, and perhaps a bit puritanical". George Raymond Richard Martin ( September 20, 1948) sometimes referred to as GRRM, is an American Author and Screenwriter [5]
Editors
- Harry Bates, January 1930 - March 1933
- F. Orlin Tremaine, October 1933 - October 1937
- John W. Campbell, Jr., October 1937 - December 1971 (his death)
- Ben Bova, January 1972 - November 1978
- Stanley Schmidt, December 1978 to present
References
- ^ The Nostalgia League
- ^ A Requiem for Astounding, by Alva Rogers, pages 176-180
- ^ A Requiem for Astounding, by Alva Rogers, page 141
- ^ Locus, February, 2007, pages 56-57
- ^ SFCovers.net
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