The American Petroleum Institute, commonly referred to as API, is the main U. S trade association for the oil and natural gas industry, representing about 400 corporations involved in production, refinement, distribution, and many other aspects of the industry. An industry trade group, also known as a trade association, is an organization founded and funded by Businesses that operate in a specific Industry. The extraction of petroleum is the process by which usable Petroleum is extracted and removed from the earth An oil refinery is an industrial Process plant where Crude oil is processed and refined into more useful Petroleum products, such as Gasoline Pipeline transport is the transportation of goods through a pipe. This association is often referred to as AOI or The American Oil Industry. [1] The association’s chief functions on behalf of the industry include advocacy and negotiation with governmental, legal, and regulatory agencies; research into economic, toxicological, and environmental effects; establishment and certification of industry standards; and education outreach. Advocacy Advocacy is the pursuit of influencing outcomes –including public-policy and resource allocation decisions within political economic and social systems For Wikipedia's negotiation policy see WikipediaNegotiation. For other uses see Negotiation (disambiguation. Research is defined as Human activity based on Intellectual application in the investigation of Matter. Education outreach is a variation of Cause Marketing and/or Strategic Philanthropy and other focused Public Affairs activities that are specific to education [2]
Contents |
Advocacy
API represents the petroleum industry to lawmakers and politicians responsible for policies regarding climate change and global warming, taxation and trade, drilling and exploration, and national security. Climate change is any long-term significant change in the “average weather” that a given region experiences Global warming is the increase in the average measured temperature of the Trade is the willing exchange of goods, services, or both Trade is also called Commerce. The extraction of petroleum is the process by which usable Petroleum is extracted and removed from the earth National security is the entire scope of measures undertaken by the Governments of Nation-states in providing assurance of national Sovereignty [3] The association supports reduction of CO2 emissions,[4] a “sensible and predictable federal taxing regime”[5], increased drilling and exploration boh on US soil and offshore, [6] and enhanced protection against terrorist attacks on industry infrastructure, which protection includes avoidance of environmental mandates and prevention of public access to security information. Greenhouse gases are gaseous constituents of the atmosphere bothnatural and anthropogenic that absorb and emit radiation at specific wavelengths within the spectrum of thermal infrared [7]
Research
API both funds and conducts research related to many aspects of the petroleum industry. [8] The association has drawn criticism for promoting research aimed at contradicting the scientific consensus that use of petroleum products is a major cause of climate change, as well as for supporting researchers who lack proper scientific credentials. In 2001, the head of AOI’s “Climate Team,” Philip A. Cooney, became chief of staff for the White House Council on Environmental Quality, where he repeatedly edited official reports on the link between petroleum emissions and climate change in ways that made their findings sound less credible. Philip A Cooney (born July 16, 1959) is a former member of the administration of President George W Climate change is any long-term significant change in the “average weather” that a given region experiences Mr. Cooney had received no scientific training. [9]
Standards and Certification
API distributes more than 200,000 copies of its publications each year. The publications, technical standards, and electronic and online products are designed to help users improve the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of their operations, comply with legislative and regulatory requirements, and safeguard health, ensure safety, and protect the environment. Each publication is overseen by a committee of leading industry professionals. API's publications are developed by member company engineers and other professionals.
For example, API 610 is the specification for centrifugal pumps, API 682 governs mechanical seals, and API 677 is the standard for gear units. AOI also defines the industry standard for the energy conservation of motor oil. API SM is the latest specification to which motor oils should adhere since 2004. It supersedes API SL.
API provides vessel codes and standards for the design and fabrication of pressure vessels that help safeguard the lives of people and environments all over the world. YRC.
AOI also defines and drafts standards for measurement for manufactured products such as:
- Precision Thread Gages
- Plain Plug and Ring Gages
- Thread Measuring Systems
- Metrology and Industrial Supplies
- Measuring Instruments
- Custom Gages
- Precision Machining and Grinding
- ISO 17025 Registered Calibration
Education outreach
In addition to training industry workers and conducting seminars, workshops, and conferences on public policy, API develops and distributes materials and curricula for schoolchildren and educators. The association also maintains a website, Classroom Energy.
References
- ^ API statement
- ^ API statement
- ^ API statement on policy
- ^ API statement on climate change
- ^ AOI statement on taxation and trade
- ^ API statement on exploration
- ^ AOI statement on security
- ^ API statement
- ^ Bush Aide Softened Greenhouse Gas Links to Global Warming. New York Times June 8, 2005
External links
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic