Citizendia

This article is about the independent states that comprised the Allies. For information about other countries that took part in World War II, see Participants in World War II. The participants in World War II were those Nations who either participated directly in or were affected by any of the theaters or events of World War II.
The "Big Three": Joseph Stalin, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill meeting at the Tehran Conference to discuss the European Theatre in 1943.
The "Big Three": Joseph Stalin, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Winston Churchill meeting at the Tehran Conference to discuss the European Theatre in 1943. Joseph Stalin ( ნამდვილი გვარი ჯუღაშვილი|Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili; March 5 1953 was General Secretary of the Communist Party Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC, PC (Can ( 30 November 1874 The Tehran Conference ( Codenamed EUREKA) was the meeting of Joseph Stalin, Franklin D The European Theatre of Operations ( ETO) was an area of heavy fighting across Europe during World War II, from Nazi Germany's Invasion of Poland

The Allies of World War II were the countries officially opposed to the Axis powers during the Second World War. The Axis powers also known as the Axis alliance Axis nations Axis countries or sometimes just the Axis were those Countries World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including Within the ranks of the Allied powers, the British Empire, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and the United States of America were known as "The Big Three. In general allies are people groups or nations that have joined together in an association for mutual benefit or to achieve some common purpose The British Empire was the largest empire in history and for over a century was the foremost global power. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 The United States of America —commonly referred to as the " U. S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt referred to the Big Three and China as the "Four Policemen". REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES "The Four Policemen" was a term coined by US President Franklin D France, before its defeat in 1940 and after Operation Torch was considered as a major ally, though Poland's commitment was, in fact, larger. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. In World War II, the Battle of France, also known as the Fall of France, was the German invasion of France and the Low Countries Operation Torch (initially called Operation Gymnast) was the British - American invasion of French North Africa in World War II [1][2]

During December 1941, Roosevelt devised the name "United Nations" for the Allies, and the Declaration by United Nations, on 1 January 1942, was the basis of the modern UN. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security The Declaration by United Nations was a World War II document agreed to on January 1 1942 during the Arcadia Conference by 26 governments several New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [3] At the Potsdam Conference of July-August 1945, Roosevelt's successor, Harry S. Truman, proposed that the foreign ministers of China, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States "should draft the peace treaties and boundary settlements of Europe," which led to the creation of the Council of Foreign Ministers. The Potsdam Conference was held at Cecilienhof, the home of Crown Prince Wilhelm Hohenzollern, in Potsdam, Germany, from July 16, Council of Foreign Ministers was an organisation agreed upon at the Potsdam Conference in 1945 and announced in the Potsdam Agreement. [4]

Contents

Dates on which independent states joined the Allies 1942

The Allied leaders of the Asian and Pacific Theatres: Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Winston Churchill meeting at the Cairo Conference in 1943.
The Allied leaders of the Asian and Pacific Theatres: Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, Franklin D. The Pacific War was the part of World War II —and preceding conflicts—that took place in the Pacific Ocean, its islands and in East Asia, between Chiang Kai-shek ( POJ: Chiúⁿ Kài-se̍k Jyutping: zoeng2gaai3sek6 GCB ( October 31, 1887 &ndash Roosevelt, and Winston Churchill meeting at the Cairo Conference in 1943. The Cairo Conference (codenamed "SEXTANT" of November 22 - 26 November 1943 held in Cairo, Egypt, addressed the Allied

Following the German invasion of Poland

Further information: Invasion of Poland (1939)

After the Phoney War

Further information: Phoney War

After the invasion of the USSR

Further information: Operation Barbarossa

After the attack on Pearl Harbor

Further information: attack on Pearl Harbor


After the Declaration by United Nations

Main article: Declaration by United Nations

After D-Day & Operation Bagration

Main articles: Battle of Normandy and Operation Bagration

History

China

Main article: Second Sino-Japanese War

When World War II began, China had been fighting the Empire of Japan since -1937. Operation Bagration (Oперация Багратион Operatsiya Bagration) was the Codename for the Soviet 1944 Belorussian Strategic See also Kings of Romania The Kingdom of Roumania (or ' Romania ' in post-1969 and also current spelling was the old Romanian state based on a form of Events 79 - Mount Vesuvius begins stirring on the feast day of Vulcan the Roman god of fire Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Kingdom of Bulgaria (Царство България was established on October 5, 1908 ( September 22 O Events 70 - Roman forces under Titus sack Jerusalem. 1264 - The Statute of Kalisz Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Most Serene Republic of San Marino (Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino is a country in the Apennine Mountains. Events 1217 - The Estonian tribal leader Lembitu of Lehola was killed in a battle against Teutonic Knights. Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. This article is about the country in southern Europe For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Albania topics. Events 740 - An Earthquake strikes Constantinople, causing much damage and death Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Kingdom of Italy ( Italian: Regno d'Italia) was a state forged in 1861 by the unification of Italy under the influence of the Kingdom Bahawalpur was a Princely state of the Punjab in what is now Pakistan, stretching along the southern bank of the Sutlej and Indus Rivers Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Ecuador topics. Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar Paraguay, officially the Republic of Paraguay ( Spanish: República del Paraguay; Guaraní: Tetã Paraguái) is one of the only Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar Uruguay.(official full name in República Oriental del Uruguay;, Oriental Republic of Uruguay) is a country located in the southeastern part of South America Events 590 - Khosrau II is crowned as king of Persia 1637 - Ferdinand III becomes Holy Roman Emperor Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar Venezuela (ˌvɛnəˈzweɪlə) officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish República Bolivariana de Venezuela) is a country on the Events 590 - Khosrau II is crowned as king of Persia 1637 - Ferdinand III becomes Holy Roman Emperor Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches Events 1455 - Traditional date for the publication of the Gutenberg Bible, the first Western Book printed from Movable Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar Lebanon (ˈlɛbənɒn Arabic: ar لبنان Lubnān) officially the Republic of Lebanon or Lebanese Republic (ar الجمهورية اللبنانية Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, KSA ( المملكة العربية السعودية, al-Mamlaka al-ʻArabiyya as-Suʻūdiyya) or Suudi Events 86 BC - Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army enters in Athens, removing the Tyrant Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. Events 196 BC - Ptolemy V ascends to the throne of Egypt. 1309 - Pope Clement V excommunicates Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar Chile, officially the Republic of Chile ( Spanish:) is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow Coastal strip wedged between the Events 491 - Flavius Anastasius becomes Byzantine Emperor, with the name of Anastasius I. Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar The Second Sino-Japanese War ( July 7, 1937 to September 9, 1945) was a major war fought between the Republic of China and the The Empire of Japan ( {{unicode|Kyūjitai}}: ja 大日本帝國 Shinjitai: ja 大日本帝国 pronounced Dai Nippon Teikoku

During the 1920s, the Kuomintang (KMT) government led by Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek was aided by the Soviet Union, which helped to reorganise the party, superficially at least, along Leninist lines: a unification of party, state, and army. Chiang Kai-shek ( POJ: Chiúⁿ Kài-se̍k Jyutping: zoeng2gaai3sek6 GCB ( October 31, 1887 &ndash Leninism refers to various related political and economic theories elaborated by Bolshevik revolutionary leader Vladimir Lenin. However, following the nominal unification of China in 1928, Chiang Kai-shek purged leftists from his party and fought against the Chinese Communist Party, former warlords, and other militarist factions. The Communist Party of China ( CPC) ( also known as the Chinese Communist Party ( CCP) is the founding and ruling political party of the A fragmented China provided easy opportunities for Japan to gain territories piece by piece without engaging in total war. Following the 1931 Mukden Incident, the puppet state of Manchukuo was established. On September 18, 1931, near Mukden (now Shenyang) in southern Manchuria, a section of railroad owned by Japan 's South Manchuria Manchukuo (ja [[wikt満州国 満州国]] Manshūkoku lit "State of Manchuria " was a Puppet state in Manchuria and eastern Throughout the early to mid 1930s, Chiang's anti-communist and anti-militarist campaigns continued while he fought small, incessant conflicts against Japan, usually followed by unfavorable settlements and concessions.

In the early 1930s, Germany and China became close partners in military and industrial matters. Sino-German cooperation from 1911 to 1941 refers to the cooperation between China and Germany Nazi Germany provided the largest proportion of Chinese arms imports and technical expertise. Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers Following the Marco Polo Bridge Incident of 7 July 1937, China and Japan became embroiled in a full-scale war which continued until 1945. The Marco Polo Bridge Incident ( 盧溝橋事變; also known as 七七事變 七七盧溝橋事變 or the Lugouqiao Incident) was a Battle between Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death Year 1937 ( MCMXXXVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Initially, Germany denounced Japanese war crimes in China, such as the Nanking Massacre of 1937. Japanese war crimes occurred during the period of Japanese imperialism. However Germany also recognised that Japan would be a more capable ally against the Soviet Union and broke off the cooperation with China in May 1938. The Soviet Union, wishing to keep China in the fight against Japan, supplied China with some military assistance until 1941, until it made peace with Japan to prepare for the war against Germany. The was a Pact between the Soviet Union and the Empire of Japan signed in 1941 two years after the brief Soviet-Japanese Border War (1939. The Eastern Front of World War II (die Ostfront 1941-1945, der Rußlandfeldzug 1941-1945 (Russian campaign or der Ostfeldzug 1941-1945 (Eastern Campaign

Even though China had been fighting the longest among all the Allied powers, it only officially joined the Allies after the attack on Pearl Harbor, on 7 December 1941. Events 43 BC - Marcus Tullius Cicero assassinated 1696 - Connecticut Route 108, one of the oldest highways Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Chiang Kai-shek felt Allied victory was assured with the entrance of the United States into the war, and he declared war on Germany and the other Axis nations. However, Allied aid remained low because the Burma Road was closed and the Allies suffered a series of military defeats against Japan early on in the campaign. The Burma Road is a Road linking Burma (also called Myanmar with China. The bulk of military aid did not arrive until the spring of 1945. More than 1. 5 million Japanese troops were trapped in the China Theatre; troops that otherwise could have been deployed elsewhere had China collapsed and made a separate peace with Japan.

Key alliances are formed

On the day 1 September 1939, the German invasion of Poland began World War II. Events 462 - Possible start of first Byzantine indiction cycle. Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The United Kingdom and France declared war on Germany on the third of September. Events 36 BC - In the Battle of Naulochus, Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa, Admiral of Octavian, defeats Sextus Pompeius The British declaration also covered the Indian Empire and other states which were British Crown Colonies at the time. For usage see British rule in India British Raj ( rāj, lit "reign" in Hindustani) primarily refers to the British The British Overseas Territories are fourteen territories that are under the Sovereignty of the United Kingdom, but which do not form part of the United Kingdom

Following the Statute of Westminster in 1931, the Dominions of the British Commonwealth had independence in foreign policy. The Statute of Westminster 1931 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (22 & 23 Geo Australia and New Zealand accepted and reiterated the British declaration. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island Nepal, another independent member of the Commonwealth, declared war on Germany on 4 September. Nepal (नेपाल) is a Landlocked country in South Asia. Events 476 - Romulus Augustus, last emperor of the Western Roman Empire, is deposed when Odoacer proclaims himself The South African Prime Minister, Barry Hertzog, refused to declare war, leading to the collapse of his coalition government on 6 September; the new Prime Minister, Jan Smuts, declared war that same day. The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa James Barry Munnik Hertzog better known as JBM Hertzog (born 3 April 1866 near Wellington Cape Colony - died 21 November 1942 in Pretoria, A coalition government, or coalition cabinet, is a Cabinet of a parliamentary Government in which several parties cooperate Events 3114 BC - According to the Proleptic Julian calendar the current era in the Maya Long Count Calendar started Field Marshal Jan Christiaan Smuts, OM, CH, PC, ED, KC, FRS (24 May 1870 &ndash 11 September 1950 was a prominent Canada declared war on Germany on 10 September; this was necessary as Canada had ratified the Statute of Westminster. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Events 506 - The Bishops of Visigothic Gaul meet in the Council of Agde.

On 17 September, the USSR invaded Poland from the East, and on 30 November, the Soviet Union attacked Finland. Events 1176 - The Battle of Myriokephalon is fought 1462 - The Battle of Świecino (or Battle of Żarnowiec The Invasion of Poland (1939 precipitated World War II. It was carried out by Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union, and a small German-allied Events 1700 - Battle of Narva — A Swedish army of 8500 men under Charles XII defeats The Winter War (Talvisota Советско-финляндская война - official Зимняя война - unofficial Vinterkriget began when the The following year the USSR annexed the Baltic states — Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania — together with parts of Romania. The Baltic states (Balti riigid Baltijas valstis Baltijos valstybės or Baltic countries are three countries in Northern Europe, all members of the Estonia, officially the Republic of Estonia ( Eesti or Eesti Vabariik) is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region Latvia ( Latvija officially the Republic of Latvia (Latvijas Republika is a Country in Northern Europe in the Baltic region. Lithuania, officially the Republic of Lithuania (Lietuvos Respublika is a Country in Eastern often referred to as Northern Europe or in the Romania ( dated: Rumania, Roumania The German-Soviet agreement was brought to an end by the German invasion of the USSR on 22 June 1941. Operation Barbarossa ( Unternehmen Barbarossa) was the Codename for Nazi Germany 's invasion of the Soviet Union during World War II Events 217 BC - Battle of Raphia: Ptolemy IV of Egypt defeats Antiochus III the Great of the Seleucid kingdom. Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

The United States of America joined the Allies following the attack on Pearl Harbor, on 7 December 1941. Events 43 BC - Marcus Tullius Cicero assassinated 1696 - Connecticut Route 108, one of the oldest highways Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Declaration by United Nations, on 1 January 1942, officially united 26 nations as Allies. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The informal Big 3 alliance of the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, and the United States emerged in the later half of the war, and their decisions determined Allied strategy around the world.

Formal alliances during the war

Original Allies

The original Allies were those states that declared war on Nazi Germany following the German invasion of Poland in September 1939.

These countries were allied to each other by a net of common defence pacts and military alliance pacts signed before the war. The Second Polish Republic or interwar Poland is the Republic of Poland between World War I and World War II. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The French Third Republic (in French, La Troisième République, sometimes written as La IIIe The Franco-British Alliance dated back to the Entente Cordiale of 1904 and the Triple Entente of 1907, active during the World War I. Flag of the United Kingdomsvg|right|70px]] The Entente cordiale is a series of agreements signed on 8 April 1904 between the United Kingdom The Triple Entente (" entente " — French for "agreement" was the name given to the loose alignment of the United Kingdom, the World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All The Franco-Polish Alliance was signed in 1921 and then amended in 1927 and 1939. The term Franco-Polish Military Alliance mainly refers to the Military alliance between Poland and France that was active between 1921 and 1940 The Polish-British Common Defence Pact, signed on 25 August 1939, contained promises of mutual military assistance between the nations in the event either was attacked by Nazi Germany. The Anglo-Polish military alliance refers to agreements reached between the United Kingdom and the Polish Second Republic for mutual assistance in case of military Events 1248 - The Dutch city of Ommen receives city rights and fortification rights from Otto III the Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Poland

Main article: Polish contribution to World War II

The invasion of Poland started the war in Europe. The European theater of World War II opened with the German invasion of Poland on September 1 1939 The Invasion of Poland (1939 precipitated World War II. It was carried out by Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union, and a small German-allied Poland fielded the third biggest army among the European Allies, after the Soviet Union and Great Britain, but before France. The country never officially surrendered to the Third Reich and continued the war effort under the Polish government in exile. Nazi Germany and the Third Reich are the common English names for Germany under the regime of Adolf Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers The Government of the Polish Republic in Exile was the government of Poland after the country had been occupied by Germany and the Soviet Union during September–October Home Army, the biggest underground force in Europe, outside the Soviet Union, and other resistance organizations in occupied Poland provided intelligence that enabled successful operations later in the war and lead to uncovering the Nazi war crimes (ie. death camps) to the Western Allies. Extermination camps were two types of facilities that Nazi Germany built during World War II for the systematic killing of millions of people in what has become Notable Polish units fought in every campaign in Europe and North Africa (outside the Balkans). Polish Armed Forces in the West were created in France and, after its fall, in the United Kingdom. Polish Armed Forces in the West refers to the Polish military formations formed to fight along the Western Allies and against Nazi Germany and its allies The Soviet Union recognized the London-based government but broke diplomatic relations after the revelation of the Katyn massacre, and in 1943 organized the Polish People's Army under Zygmunt Berling, around which it constructed the post-war successor state People's Republic of Poland. London ( ˈlʌndən is the capital and largest urban area in the United Kingdom. Diplomacy is the art and practice of conducting Negotiations between representatives of groups or states Ludowe Wojsko Polskie (Pronounced 'vɔjskɔ 'pɔlskʲe}} lit Peoples' Army of Poland, LWP was the second formation of the Polish Armed Zygmunt Henryk Berling ( 27 April 1896 - 11 July 1980) Polish General and Politician, best known as the commander Succession of states is a theory in International relations regarding the recognition and acceptance of a newly created State by other states based on The People's Republic of Poland or Polish People's Republic ( Polish: Polska Rzeczpospolita Ludowa, PRL Russian The Polish People's Army took part in the Battle of Berlin, the closing act of the European theater of war. For the bombing campaign on Berlin by the RAF from November 1943 to March 1944 see Battle of Berlin (air.

British Commonwealth/British Empire

The United Kingdom and territories controlled by the Colonial Office (the Crown Colonies) and the British Indian Empire[7] were controlled politically by Britain and therefore also entered hostilities with Britain's declaration of war. The Secretary of State for the Colonies or Colonial Secretary was the British Cabinet official in charge of managing the various British Colonies. The British Overseas Territories are fourteen territories that are under the Sovereignty of the United Kingdom, but which do not form part of the United Kingdom For usage see British rule in India British Raj ( rāj, lit "reign" in Hindustani) primarily refers to the British

Apart from these were the independent members of the British Commonwealth — the official name in 1926-49 — known as the Dominions. A dominion, often Dominion, refers to one of a group of autonomous polities under sovereign authority within the British Empire and These declared war on Germany separately, either on the same day, or soon afterwards. These countries were: Australia, Canada, New Zealand and South Africa. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa Newfoundland had given up self-rule and was at the time under effective rule from the UK; it did not become part of Canada until 1949. The Dominion of Newfoundland was a British dominion from 1907 (before which the territory had the status of a British colony to 1949

The British Indian Empire contributed about 2,500,000 personnel. It suffered 1,500,000 civilian casualties (more than the United Kingdom) 87,000 military casualties (more than any Commonwealth country but less than the United Kingdom).

France

Main article: Military history of France during World War II

France experienced several major phases of action during World War II:

Oslo Group

The Oslo Group was an organisation of officially neutral countries. Four members later joined the Allies, as governments in exile: the Kingdom of Norway, the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the Kingdom of Belgium and the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. A government in exile is a political group that claims to be a country's legitimate government but for various reasons is unable to exercise its legal power and instead resides in a foreign Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those Luxembourg (Groussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg Grand-Duché de Luxembourg Großherzogtum Luxemburg is a small Landlocked country in Western Europe, bordered by

The Republic of Finland was invaded by the USSR on 30 November 1939 [8]. Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. Events 1700 - Battle of Narva — A Swedish army of 8500 men under Charles XII defeats Year 1939 ( MCMXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Later Finland and the Kingdom of Denmark officially joined the Axis Anti-Comintern Pact. Nazi Germany’s occupation of Denmark began with Operation Weserübung 9 April 1940, and lasted until German forces withdrew The Anti-Comintern Pact was concluded between Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan (later to be joined by other countries on November 25, 1936 The Kingdom of Sweden remained officially neutral. The Winter War was fought in the four months following the Soviet Union 's invasion of Finland on November 30, 1939. Following the Moscow armistice of September 1944, Finland effectively joined the Allies and expelled German forces. This led to a series of armed clashes called the Lapland War. The Lapland War (Finnish Lapin sota) were the hostilities between Finland and Nazi Germany between September 1944 and April 1945 fought in the Finland's

Denmark was invaded by Germany on 9 April 1940. The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe Nazi Germany’s occupation of Denmark began with Operation Weserübung 9 April 1940, and lasted until German forces withdrew Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans) Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Danish government did not declare war and it surrendered the same day, on the understanding that it retain control of domestic affairs. No government-in-exile was formed. Danes fought with both Allied and Axis forces. Iceland, Faroe Islands and Greenland, which were respectively in union with Denmark and a Danish colony, were occupied by the Allies for most of the war. Iceland, officially the Republic of Iceland ( ( Ísland or Lýðveldið Ísland ( The Faroe Islands or Faeroe Islands or simply Faroe(s or Faeroes (Føroyar meaning " Sheep Islands" Færøerne Old Norse Greenland (Kalaallit Nunaat meaning "Land of the Greenlanders" Grønland is a self-governing Danish Province located between the British forces took control in Iceland on May 10, 1940, and it was used to facilitate the movement of Lend Lease equipment. The invasion of Iceland, codenamed Operation Fork, was a British Military operation conducted by the Royal Navy and the Royal Marines Events 1291 - Scottish Nobles recognize the authority of Edward I of England. Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Lend-Lease (Public Law 77-11 was the name of the program under which the United States of America supplied the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union, Forces from the United States, although they were officially neutral at the time, occupied Greenland on 9 April 1941. Events 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans) Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The U. S. also took over in Iceland on 7 July 1941. Events 1456 - A retrial verdict acquits Joan of Arc of heresy 25 years after her death Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Iceland declared full independence from Denmark in 1944 but never declared war on any of the Axis powers.

Portugal

Although Portugal remained officially neutral, the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance — the world's oldest military alliance (1373) — was activated by the United Kingdom during World War II, leading to the establishment of an Allied base in the Azores. Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance between England ( succeeded by the United Kingdom) and Portugal is the oldest alliance in the world which The Azores ( Açores ɐˈsoɾɨʃ or) is a Portuguese Archipelago in the Atlantic Ocean, about 1500 km (950  mi) from Portugal protested the occupation of Portuguese Timor by Allied forces in 1942 but did not actively resist. Portuguese Timor was the name of East Timor when it was under Portuguese control The colony was subsequently occupied by Japan. Timorese and Portuguese civilians assisted Allied commandos in resisting the Japanese. In Military science, the term commando can refer to an individual a Military unit, or a raiding style of military operation. The Battle of Timor (1942–43 occurred on the island of Timor, in the Pacific theatre of World War II. Portuguese Macau was also occupied by Japan. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Macau topics.

Pan American Union

The members of the Pan American Union, who were all neutral in 1939-41, formed a mutual defense pact at a conference of foreign ministers at Havana, on 21 July-30 July 1940. The Organization of American States ( OAS, or as it is known in the three other official languages OEA) is an International organization, headquartered Havana ( IPA: aˈβana officially Ciudad de La Habana, is the Capital city, major port and leading Events 356 BC - Herostratus sets fire to the Temple of Artemis in Ephesus, one of the Seven Wonders of the World Events 1419 - First Defenestration of Prague. 1502 - Christopher Columbus lands at Guanaja in the Bay Islands off Year 1940 ( MCMXL) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full 1940 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The "Declaration on Reciprocal Assistance and Cooperation for the Defense of the Nations of the Americas" was part of the Final Act of the Second Meeting of the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of the American Republics at Havana, Cuba, July 30, 1940. [9] There were 21 signatories:

From July 1944, a Brazilian Expeditionary Force of 25,000 personnel joined the Allies in the Italian campaign. The Republic of Bolivia (República de Bolivia) named after Simón Bolívar, is a Landlocked country in central South America. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Events 1248 - The Dutch city of Ommen receives city rights and fortification rights from Otto III the Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Chile, officially the Republic of Chile ( Spanish:) is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow Coastal strip wedged between the Colombia (kəˈlʌmbɪə officially the Republic of Colombia () is a country in northwestern South America. Costa Rica, officially the Republic of Costa Rica ( Spanish: Costa Rica or República de Costa Rica,) is a Country in The Republic of Cuba (ˈkjuːbə or) consists of the island of Cuba (the largest and second-most populous island of the Greater Antilles) Isla de la The Dominican Republic ( Spanish: República Dominicana;) is a nation located in the Caribbean region and shares the island of Hispaniola with El Salvador ( República de El Salvador,) is a country in Central America. Guatemala (República de Guatemala) is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west the Pacific Ocean to the southwest Haiti ( English: ˈheɪ·tiː or haɪ·ˈjiː·tiː French Haïti a·i·ti Haitian Creole: Honduras in Spanish, República de Honduras) is a democratic republic in Central America. The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Nicaragua (ˌnɪkəˈrɑgwə officially the Republic of Nicaragua () is a representative democratic republic and the largest nation in Central America Panama, officially the Republic of Panama (República de Panamá) is the southernmost country of Central America. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The Brazilian Expeditionary Force or BEF ( Portuguese: Força Expedicionária Brasileira, or FEB) was the 25300-man force formed by The Italian Campaign of World War II was the name of Allied operations in and around Italy, from 1943 to the end of the war. In 1945, the Mexican Air Force's Escuadrón 201 was attached to the U.S. Far East Air Force, during the Philippines campaign. The Mexican Air Force ( Fuerza Aérea Mexicana or FAM) is the aviation branch of the Mexican Army and depends on the National Defense Secretariat ( SEDENA El Escuadrón 201 was a Mexican fighter Squadron, part of the (FAEM — "Mexican Expeditionary Air Force" that aided the Allied The Far East Air Force (FEAF was the military aviation arm of the United States Army in the Philippines just prior to and at the beginning of World War II The Philippines campaign of 1944–45 was the Allied campaign to defeat Japanese forces occupying The Philippines, during World War II. The other countries in this group contributed support units, small combat forces, or to lesser degrees.

Comintern

The following socialist and pro-Soviet forces fought against the Axis powers before or during the Second World War:

Atlantic Charter

The Atlantic Charter was negotiated at the Atlantic Conference by British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, aboard warships in a secure anchorage at NS Argentia, Newfoundland (located on Placentia Bay) and was issued as a joint declaration on 14 August 1941. Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία The National Liberation Front (EAM ( Εθνικό Απελευθερωτικό Μέτωπο (ΕΑΜ, Ethniko Apeleftherotiko Metopo) was the main movement of the The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP The Hukbalahap was the military arm of the Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP formed in 1942 to fight the Japanese Empire 's occupation of the Philippines The Philippines ( Filipino: Pilipinas, officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (fil ''Republika ng Pilipinas'' RP The Federation of Malaya (Persekutuan Tanah Melayu was a federation of 11 states formed on January 31 1948 from the nine Malay states and the British The Malayan Communist Party ( MCP) was founded in 1930 Illegal from the outset it advocated an end to British colonial rule and was active in forming Trade Mongolia (mɒŋˈɡoʊliə, literally Mongol country/nation,) is a Landlocked Country in East The Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (Монгол Ардын Хувьсгалт Нам Mongol Ardyn Khuvisgalt Nam) is an ex-communist Political party in Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Ludowe Wojsko Polskie (Pronounced 'vɔjskɔ 'pɔlskʲe}} lit Peoples' Army of Poland, LWP was the second formation of the Polish Armed The Tuvan People's Republic ( People's Republic of Tannu Tuva; Tьвa Arat Respuвlik Tuvan Cyrillic: tyv-Cyrl Тыва Арат Республик Tyva The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 Vietnam (ˌviːɛtˈnɑːm Việt Nam) officially The Việt Minh (abbreviated from Việt Nam Ðộc Lập Ðồng Minh Hội, English "League for the Independence of Vietnam" was a National liberation The Yugoslav Partisans, or simply the Partisans, ( Serbo-Croatian, Croatian, Serbian, Macedonian, Slovene: Partizani League of Communists of Yugoslavia ( Savez komunista Jugoslavije) before 1952 the Communist Party of Yugoslavia ( Komunistička partija Jugoslavije) was The Atlantic Charter was negotiated at the Atlantic Conference (codenamed Riviera) by British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and U The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the political leader of the United Kingdom Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC, PC (Can ( 30 November 1874 The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by Naval Station Argentia is a former base of the United States Navy that operated from 1941-1994 The Dominion of Newfoundland was a British dominion from 1907 (before which the territory had the status of a British colony to 1949 Placentia Bay is a body of water on the southeast coast of Newfoundland, Canada. Events 1183 - Taira no Munemori and the Taira clan take the young Emperor Antoku and the three sacred treasures Year 1941 ( MCMXLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (the link will display 1941 calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

The Atlantic Charter established a vision for a post-World War II world, despite the fact the United States had yet to enter the war.

In brief, the nine points were:

  1. no territorial gains sought by the United States or the United Kingdom;
  2. territorial adjustments must be in accord with wishes of the people;
  3. the right to self-determination of peoples;
  4. trade barriers lowered;
  5. global economic cooperation and advancement of social welfare;
  6. freedom from want and fear;
  7. freedom of the seas;
  8. disarmament of aggressor nations, postwar common disarmament
  9. defeat of Germany and other Axis powers

The Atlantic Charter proved to be one of the first steps towards the formation of the United Nations. Self-determination is defined as free choice of one’s own acts without external compulsion and especially as the freedom of the people of a given Territory to determine their A trade barrier is a general term that describes any government policy or regulation that restricts International trade. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security

United Nations

Declaration by United Nations

Wartime poster for the United Nations, created in 1943 by the U.S. Office of War Information.
Wartime poster for the United Nations, created in 1943 by the U.S. Office of War Information. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security The United States Office of War Information (OWI was a US government agency created during World War II to consolidate government information services
Main article: Declaration by United Nations

The alliance was formalised in the Declaration by United Nations on 1 January 1942. The Declaration by United Nations was a World War II document agreed to on January 1 1942 during the Arcadia Conference by 26 governments several New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC Year 1942 ( MCMXLII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (the link will display the full 1942 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. There were 27 signatories, as follows:

  • Australia
  • Belgium
  • Republic of China
  • Canada
  • Colombia
  • Costa Rica
  • Cuba
  • Czechoslovakia
  • Dominican Republic
  • El Salvador
  • Greece
  • Guatemala
  • Haiti
  • Honduras
  • India
  • Luxembourg
  • Netherlands
  • New Zealand
  • Nicaragua
  • Norway
  • Panama
  • Poland
  • South Africa
  • United Kingdom
  • Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
  • United States
  • Yugoslavia

Later in 1942, Mexico, The Philippines and Ethiopia adhered to the declaration. During 1943, it was signed by Iraq, Iran, Brazil, Bolivia and Colombia. In 1944, Liberia and France signed . During the early part of 1945, Peru, Chile, Paraguay, Venezuela, Uruguay, Turkey, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon, Syria and Ecuador became signatories.

Charter of the United Nations

Main article: Charter of the United Nations

The Charter of the United Nations was agreed to during the war at the United Nations Conference on International Organization, held between April and July 1945. The United Nations Charter is the Treaty that forms and establishes the International organization called the United Nations. The United Nations Conference on International Organization (UNCIO was a convention of delegates from 50 Allied nations that took place from 25 April The Charter was signed by 50 nations on 26 June (Poland had its place reserved and later became the 51st "original" signatory), and was formally ratified shortly after the war on 24 October 1945. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian is killed during the retreat from the Sassanid Empire. The United Nations as an international organization has its origins in World War II. Events 69 - Second Battle of Bedriacum, forces under Antonius Primus the commander of the Danube armies loyal to Vespasian, defeat Year 1945 ( MCMXLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar The five leading Allied nations, namely China, France, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom, and the United States met repeatedly during the war, such as at the 1944 conference at Dumbarton Oaks where the formation and permanent seats of the United Nations Security Council were decided. The Free French Forces (Forces Françaises Libres FFL) were French fighters in World War II who decided to continue fighting against Axis forces The Dumbarton Oaks Conference (or Washington Conversations on International Peace and Security Organization) was an international conference at which the United Nations Dumbarton Oaks is a 19th century Federal-style Mansion with famous gardens in the Georgetown neighborhood of Washington D The Security Council met for the first time in the immediate aftermath of war on 17 January 1946. Events 38 BC - Octavian marries Livia Drusilla. 1287 - King Alfonso III of Aragon invades Minorca Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. [10]

The first version of the UN flag, introduced in April 1945.
The first version of the UN flag, introduced in April 1945.

These are the original 51 signatories (Security Council Permanent members are indicated in bold):

Iran

On 29 January 1946, the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union agreed to end their occupation of Iran, six months after the end of the war. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (abbreviated as Byelorussian SSR or BSSR) (Беларуская Савецкая Сацыялістычная Рэспубліка The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those The Republic of Bolivia (República de Bolivia) named after Simón Bolívar, is a Landlocked country in central South America. |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Chile, officially the Republic of Chile ( Spanish:) is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow Coastal strip wedged between the REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Colombia (kəˈlʌmbɪə officially the Republic of Colombia () is a country in northwestern South America. Costa Rica, officially the Republic of Costa Rica ( Spanish: Costa Rica or República de Costa Rica,) is a Country in The Republic of Cuba (ˈkjuːbə or) consists of the island of Cuba (the largest and second-most populous island of the Greater Antilles) Isla de la The Czechoslovak Republic ( Československá republika) refers to the first Czechoslovak state that existed from 1918 to 1939 The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe The Dominican Republic ( Spanish: República Dominicana;) is a nation located in the Caribbean region and shares the island of Hispaniola with For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Ecuador topics. The Kingdom of Egypt ( المملكة المصرية) was the first modern Egyptian state, lasting from 1922 to 1953 El Salvador ( República de El Salvador,) is a country in Central America. The Ethiopian Empire, also known as Abyssinia, was in what is now Ethiopia and Eritrea. The Provisional Government of the French Republic ( gouvernement provisoire de la République française or GPRF was an interim government which governed The Kingdom of Greece ( Greek:, Vasíleion tīs Elládos) was a state established in 1832 in the Convention of London by the Great Guatemala (República de Guatemala) is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west the Pacific Ocean to the southwest Haiti ( English: ˈheɪ·tiː or haɪ·ˈjiː·tiː French Haïti a·i·ti Haitian Creole: Honduras in Spanish, República de Honduras) is a democratic republic in Central America. For usage see British rule in India British Raj ( rāj, lit "reign" in Hindustani) primarily refers to the British For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. The Kingdom of Iraq (المملكة العراقية was the sovereign state of Iraq after the end of British Mandate of Mesopotamia. Lebanon (ˈlɛbənɒn Arabic: ar لبنان Lubnān) officially the Republic of Lebanon or Lebanese Republic (ar الجمهورية اللبنانية Liberia, officially the Republic of Liberia, is a country on the west coast of Africa, bordered by Sierra Leone, Guinea, Côte d'Ivoire Luxembourg (Groussherzogtum Lëtzebuerg Grand-Duché de Luxembourg Großherzogtum Luxemburg is a small Landlocked country in Western Europe, bordered by The United Mexican States ( or commonly Mexico (ˈmɛksɪkoʊ () is a federal constitutional Republic in North America. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands New Zealand is an Island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses (the North Island and the South Island Nicaragua (ˌnɪkəˈrɑgwə officially the Republic of Nicaragua () is a representative democratic republic and the largest nation in Central America Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional Panama, officially the Republic of Panama (República de Panamá) is the southernmost country of Central America. Paraguay, officially the Republic of Paraguay ( Spanish: República del Paraguay; Guaraní: Tetã Paraguái) is one of the only Peru (Perú Piruw Piruw officially the Republic of Peru ( reˈpuβlika del peˈɾu is a country in western South America. The Commonwealth of the Philippines was the political designation of the Philippines from 1935 to 1946 when the country was a commonwealth with the United The Second Polish Republic or interwar Poland is the Republic of Poland between World War I and World War II. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, KSA ( المملكة العربية السعودية, al-Mamlaka al-ʻArabiyya as-Suʻūdiyya) or Suudi } The Union of South Africa is the historic predecessor to the present-day state of the Republic of South Africa. Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches The Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic or the Ukrainian SSR was one of the 15 constituent republics that made up the Former Soviet Union from its The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR was a constitutionally Socialist state that existed in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991 The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Uruguay.(official full name in República Oriental del Uruguay;, Oriental Republic of Uruguay) is a country located in the southeastern part of South America Venezuela (ˌvɛnəˈzweɪlə) officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish República Bolivariana de Venezuela) is a country on the The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia ( Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian, Slovene, Macedonian: Events 904 - Sergius III comes out of retirement to take over the papacy from the deposed Antipope Christopher. Year 1946 ( MCMXLVI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran was the invasion of Iran by British and Commonwealth forces and the Soviet Union, codenamed Operation Countenance The Tripartite Treaty of Alliance also formalised Iran's assistance to the Allies. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iran topics. [1]

See also

Footnotes

  1. ^ "Jan Zielonka, lecturer in European politics at Oxford University, says: "Historically, Polish contribution to the war has never been sufficiently acknowledged. The participants in World War II were those Nations who either participated directly in or were affected by any of the theaters or events of World War II. Poland provided the fourth largest Allied army in the war yet they were excluded from marching in the celebration because Stalin wanted it so. " Kwan Yuk Pan, Polish veterans to take pride of place in victory parade, Financial Times, 2005-07-05. The Financial Times ( FT) is a British international business Newspaper. Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1295 - Scotland and France form an alliance the beginnings of the Auld Alliance, against England. Access date: 2008-05-02. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1194 - King Richard I of England gives Portsmouth its first Royal Charter.
  2. ^ Hakim, Joy (1995). A History of Us: War, Peace and all that Jazz. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-509514-6.  
  3. ^ Douglas Brinkley, FDR & the Making of the U. N.
  4. ^ Churchill, Winston S. [1953] (1981). The Second World War, Volume VI: Triumph and Tragedy. Houghton-Mifflin Company, 561. Houghton Mifflin Company is a leading educational Publisher in the United States.  
  5. ^ Democratic Federal Yugoslavia was founded on November 29, 1943, by the Yugoslav Partisans, who were recognised as an Ally at the Tehran Conference. AVNOJ ( Antifašističko V(ijeće Narodnog Oslobođenja Jugoslavije) standing for " Anti-Fascist Council of National Liberation of Yugoslavia " Events 1777 - San Jose California, is founded as el Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe Year 1943 ( MCMXLIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1943 calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Yugoslav Partisans, or simply the Partisans, ( Serbo-Croatian, Croatian, Serbian, Macedonian, Slovene: Partizani The Tehran Conference ( Codenamed EUREKA) was the meeting of Joseph Stalin, Franklin D
  6. ^ effectively the British Empire but excluding the Dominions.
  7. ^ including the areas covered by the later Republic of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh
  8. ^ LEAGUE OF NATIONS' EXPULSION OF THE U.S.S.R., DECEMBER 14, 1939
  9. ^ [http://www.ibiblio.org/pha/7-2-188/188-26.html; http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/decade/decad058.htm
  10. ^ United Nations Security Council: Official Records: First Year, First Series, First Meeting

External links

India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and ( Bengali: বাংলাদেশ inc-Latn Bangladesh) officially
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