Alexandre Dumas, père
Alexandre Dumas, père.
Born	July 24, 1802(1802-07-24) Villers-Cotterêts, Aisne, France
Died	December 5, 1870 (aged 68) Puys (near Dieppe, Seine-Maritime), France
Occupation	playwright and novelist
Nationality	French
Writing period	1829–1870
Literary movement	Romanticism and Historical fiction
Notable work(s)	The Count of Monte Cristo, The Three Musketeers
Influenced Stephen King, Steven Brust
Signature

Alexandre Dumas, père (French for "father", akin to 'Senior' in English), born Dumas Davy de la Pailleterie (July 24, 1802—December 5, 1870) was a French writer, best known for his numerous historical novels of high adventure which have made him one of the most widely read French authors in the world. Events 1132 - Battle of Nocera between Ranulf II of Alife and Roger II of Sicily. Year 1802 ( MDCCCII) was a Common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Villers-Cotterêts is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardie in northern France. Aisne (ɛn is a department in the northern part of France named after the Aisne River. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Events 63 BC - Cicero reads the last of his Catiline Orations. Year 1870 ( MDCCCLXX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Dieppe is a town and commune in the Seine-Maritime department and Haute-Normandie region of France. This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Employment is a Contract between two parties, one being the employer and the other being the employee. Nationality is a relationship between a Person and their State of Origin, Culture, association Affiliation and/or Loyalty This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. For the game see 1829 (board game. Year 1829 ( MDCCCXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display Year 1870 ( MDCCCLXX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common This is a list of modern literary movements: that is movements after the Renaissance. Romanticism is a complex artistic literary and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Western Europe, and gained strength during the Historical fiction is a sub-genre of Fiction that often portrays alternate accounts or dramatization of historical figures or events The Count of Monte Cristo ( Le Comte de Monte-Cristo) is an Adventure novel by Alexandre Dumas père. The Three Musketeers ( Les Trois Mousquetaires) is a Novel by Alexandre Dumas père. Stephen Edwin King (born September 21, 1947) is an American Author, Screenwriter, Musician, Columnist, Steven Karl Zoltán Brust (born November 23, 1955) is an American Fantasy and Science fiction author of Hungarian This article is a general introduction to French literature For detailed information on French literature in specific historic periods see the separate historical articles in the Medieval French literature is for the purpose of this article Literature written in Oïl languages (particularly Old French and early Middle For more information on historical developments in this period see Renaissance, History of France, and Early Modern France. French literature of the 17th century &mdashthe so-called Grand Siècle &mdashspans the reigns of Henry IV of France, the Regency of Marie de Medici French literature of the 18th century usually refers to the literature written between 1715, the year of the death of King Louis XIV of France, and 1798 the year French literature of the nineteenth century is for the purpose of this article literature written in French from (roughly 1799 to 1900 French literature of the twentieth century is for the purpose of this article literature written in French from (roughly 1895 to 1990 Contemporary French literature is French literature roughly from the 1990s to Today. Chronological list of French language authors (regardless of nationality by date of birth Events 1132 - Battle of Nocera between Ranulf II of Alife and Roger II of Sicily. Year 1802 ( MDCCCII) was a Common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Events 63 BC - Cicero reads the last of his Catiline Orations. Year 1870 ( MDCCCLXX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. A writer is anyone who creates a written work although the word usually designates those who write creatively or professionally as well as those who have written in many different forms An historical novel is a Novel in which the story is set among historical events or more generally in which the time of the action predates the lifetime of the Author An author is defined both as "the person who originates or gives existence to anything" and that authorship determines responsibility for what is created Many of his novels, including The Count of Monte Cristo, The Three Musketeers, Twenty Years After, and The Vicomte de Bragelonne were serialized. The Count of Monte Cristo ( Le Comte de Monte-Cristo) is an Adventure novel by Alexandre Dumas père. The Three Musketeers ( Les Trois Mousquetaires) is a Novel by Alexandre Dumas père. Twenty Years After ( Vingt ans après) is a novel by Alexandre Dumas père. The Vicomte of Bragelonne Ten Years Later ( Le Vicomte de Bragelonne ou Dix ans plus tard) is a novel by Alexandre Dumas père. The term " serial " refers to the intrinsic property of a series &mdash namely its order. He also wrote plays and magazine articles and was a prolific correspondent. A play, or stageplay, is a form of Literature written by a Playwright, almost always consisting of Dialogue between Fictional characters An essay is usually a short piece of writing It is often written from an author's personal point of view.

Origins and early life

Alexandre Dumas was born on July 24, 1802, in the village of Villers-Cotterêts in the department of Aisne, northeast of Paris, France. Events 1132 - Battle of Nocera between Ranulf II of Alife and Roger II of Sicily. Year 1802 ( MDCCCII) was a Common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar or a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Villers-Cotterêts is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardie in northern France. Aisne (ɛn is a department in the northern part of France named after the Aisne River. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics.

Alexandre Dumas' paternal grandparents were Marquis Alexandre-Antoine Davy de la Pailleterie, a French nobleman and Général commissaire in the Artillery in the colony of Saint Domingue (now Haiti), and Marie-Cesette Dumas, an Afro-Caribbean former slave^[1][2]. Saint-Domingue was a French Colony on the Caribbean island of Hispaniola from 1659 to 1804 when it became the independent nation of Haiti ( English: ˈheɪ·tiː or haɪ·ˈjiː·tiː French Haïti a·i·ti Haitian Creole: Their son, Thomas-Alexandre Dumas, married Marie-Louise Élisabeth Labouret, the daughter of an innkeeper. Thomas-Alexandre Davy de la Pailleterie was born March 25 1762 in Jérémie, Saint-Domingue and died February 26 1806 Thomas-Alexandre was a general in Napoleon's army who fell into disfavor, rendering his family impoverished.

By the time young Dumas was born his family had lost all pretensions to wealth, and his widowed mother struggled to give him a decent education. General Dumas died in 1806 when Alexandre was three and half years old. Year 1806 ( MDCCCVI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Although Marie-Louise was unable to provide her son with much in the way of education, it did not hinder young Alexandre's love of books, and he read everything he could get his hands on.

While he was growing up, his mother's stories of his father's brave military acts during the glory years of Napoleon I of France spawned Alexandre's vivid imagination for adventure and heroes. Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. Although poor, the family still had the father's distinguished reputation and aristocratic connections, and after the restoration of the monarchy, twenty-year-old Alexandre Dumas moved to Paris where he obtained employment at the Palais Royal in the office of the powerful duc d'Orléans. Following the ousting of Napoleon I of France in 1814 the Allies restored the Bourbon Dynasty to the French throne Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city Louis Philippe ( 6 October 1773 &ndash 26 August 1850) was King of the French from 1830 to 1848 in what was known as the

Literary career

While working in Paris, Dumas began to write articles for magazines as well as plays for the theatre. In 1829 his first solo play, Henry III and his Court, was produced, meeting with great public acclaim. For the game see 1829 (board game. Year 1829 ( MDCCCXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display The following year his second play, Christine, proved equally popular, and as a result, he was financially able to work full time at writing. In 1830, he participated in the revolution that ousted King Charles X and replaced him on the throne with Dumas's former employer, the duc d'Orléans, who would rule as Louis-Philippe, the Citizen King. For the game see 1830 (board game. Year 1830 ( MDCCCXXX) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display Charles X (9 October 1757 – 6 November 1836 ruled as King of France and Navarre from 20 May 1824 until the French Revolution of 1830, when he abdicated Louis Philippe ( 6 October 1773 &ndash 26 August 1850) was King of the French from 1830 to 1848 in what was known as the

Until the mid-1830s, life in France remained unsettled with sporadic riots by disgruntled Republicans and impoverished urban workers seeking change. Events and trends Electromagnetic induction discovered by Michael Faraday. As life slowly returned to normal, the nation began to industrialize and, with an improving economy combined with the end of press censorship, the times turned out to be very rewarding for the skills of Alexandre Dumas. News is any new information or information on Current events which is presented by print, broadcast, Internet, or Word of mouth Censorship is the suppression of speech or deletion of communicative material which may be considered objectionable harmful or sensitive as determined by a censor

After writing more successful plays, he turned his efforts to novels. Although attracted to an extravagant lifestyle, and always spending more than he earned, Dumas proved to be a very astute business marketer. With high demand from newspapers for serial novels, in 1838, he simply rewrote one of his plays to create his first serial novel. Year 1838 ( MDCCCXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Titled Le Capitaine Paul, it led to his forming a production studio that turned out hundreds of stories, all subject to his personal input and direction.

From 1839 to 1841, Dumas, with the assistance of several friends, compiled Celebrated Crimes, an eight-volume collection of essays on famous criminals and crimes from European history, including essays on Beatrice Cenci, Martin Guerre, Cesare and Lucrezia Borgia and more recent incidents including the cases of executed alleged murderers Karl Ludwig Sand and Antoine François Desrues. Martin Guerre, a French peasant of the 16th century was at the center of a famous case of imposture ( September 13, 1475 &ndash March 12, 1507) Duke of Valentinois, and Romagna, Prince of Andria and Venafro This article is about the historical person For the biographical opera see Lucrezia Borgia (opera. Karl Ludwig Sand ( Wunsiedel, then in Prussia, October 5, 1795 - Mannheim, May 20, 1820) was a German Antoine François Desrues (1744 &ndash 1777 was a French Poisoner He was born at Chartres, of humble parents

Dumas also collaborated with his fencing master Augustin Grisier in his 1840 novel The Fencing Master. The Fencing Master (1988 is a historical novel by Arturo Pérez-Reverte set in Spain at the middle of the 19th century The story is written to be Grisier's narrated account of how he came to be witness to events in the Decembrist revolt in Russia. This novel was eventually banned in Russia by Czar Nicholas I of Russia, causing Dumas to be forbidden to visit Russia until the Czar's death. Grisier is also mentioned with great respect in both The Count of Monte Cristo and The Corsican Brothers as well as Dumas's memoirs. The Count of Monte Cristo ( Le Comte de Monte-Cristo) is an Adventure novel by Alexandre Dumas père.

On 1 February 1840, he married an actress, Ida Ferrier, born Marguerite-Joséphine Ferrand (1811—1859) but continued with his numerous liaisons with other women, fathering at least four illegitimate children. Events 1327 - Teenaged Edward III is crowned King of England, but the country is ruled by his mother Queen Year 1840 ( MDCCCXL) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year An actor, actress, player or thespian (see terminology) is a person who Acts in a Dramatic production and who works Year 1811 ( MDCCCXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Year 1859 ( MDCCCLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common One of those children, a son named after him, whose mother was Marie-Laure-Catherine Labay (1794—1868), a dressmaker, would follow in his footsteps, also becoming a successful novelist and playwright. Year 1794 ( MDCCXCIV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1868 ( MDCCCLXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap For other uses see Dressmaker (disambiguation A dressmaker is a person who makes custom Clothing for women such as Because of their same name and occupation, to distinguish them, one is referred to as Alexandre Dumas, père, the other as Alexandre Dumas, fils. Alexandre Dumas Fils (French for son similar to Junior in English ( July 27, 1824 &ndash November 27, 1895) was His three other children were Marie-Alexandrine Dumas (5 March 1831—1878, who later married Pierre Petel and daughter of Belle Krelsamer (1803—1875), Micaëlla-Clélie-Josepha-Élisabeth Cordier, born in 1860 and daughter of Emélie Cordier, and Henry Bauer, born of an unknown mother. Events 363 - Roman Emperor Julian moves from Antioch with an army of 90000 to attack the Sassanid Empire, in a Year 1831 ( MDCCCXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Year 1878 ( MDCCCLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common 1803 ( MDCCCIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1875 ( MDCCCLXXV) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1860 ( MDCCLX) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year starting

Dumas made extensive use of the aid of numerous assistants and collaborators, of which Auguste Maquet was the best known. Auguste Maquet ( 13 September 1813 – January 8 1888) was a French author best known as the chief collaborator of French It was Maquet who outlined the plot of The Count of Monte Cristo and made substantial contributions to The Three Musketeers and its sequels, as well as several of Dumas's other novels. The Count of Monte Cristo ( Le Comte de Monte-Cristo) is an Adventure novel by Alexandre Dumas père. The Three Musketeers ( Les Trois Mousquetaires) is a Novel by Alexandre Dumas père. When working together, Maquet proposed plots and wrote drafts, while Dumas added the details, dialogues, and the final chapters.

Alexandre Dumas, photo by Nadar.

His writing earned him a great deal of money, but Dumas was frequently broke or in debt as a result of spending lavishly on women and high living. The large and costly Château de Monte-Cristo that he built was often filled with strangers and acquaintances who took advantage of his generosity. The Château de Monte-Cristo is the English garden -style country-house of the writer Alexandre Dumas père built in 1846 by the

When King Louis-Philippe was ousted in a revolt, Dumas was not looked upon favorably by the newly elected President, Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte. Napoléon III, also known as Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte (full name Charles Louis Napoléon Bonaparte) (20 April 1808 9 January 1873 was the first President In 1851 Dumas fled to Brussels, Belgium, to escape his creditors, and from there he traveled to Russia where French was the second language and his writings were enormously popular. 1851 ( MDCCCLI) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year Brussels (Bruxelles pronounced; Brussel pronounced) officially the Brussels Capital-Region, is Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Dumas spent two years in Russia before moving on to seek adventure and fodder for more stories. In March of 1861, the kingdom of Italy was proclaimed, with Victor Emmanuel II as its king. Year 1861 ( MDCCCLXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest Victor Emmanuel II King of Italy ( Vittorio Emanuele II; March 14, 1820 – January 9, 1878) was the King of For the next three years, Alexandre Dumas would be involved in the fight for a united Italy, founding and leading a newspaper named Indipendente and returning to Paris in 1864. Year 1864 ( MDCCCLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year

Despite Alexandre Dumas' success and aristocratic connections, his being of mixed-race would affect him all his life. In 1843, he wrote a short novel, Georges, that addressed some of the issues of race and the effects of colonialism. Year 1843 ( MDCCCXLIII) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Georges is a short Novel by Alexandre Dumas père set on the island of Mauritius, from 1810 to 1824. Nevertheless, racist attitudes affected his rightful position in France's history long after his death at Puys on December 5, 1870, at the age of 68. Events 63 BC - Cicero reads the last of his Catiline Orations. Year 1870 ( MDCCCLXX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common It is attributed to him a personal quote to someone who insulted him about his mixed-race background: "It is true. My father was a mulatto, my grandmother was a negress, and my great-grandparents were monkeys. Mulatto is a term used to describe a person with one white parent and one black parent or a person whose Ancestry is a mixture of black and white In short, sir, my pedigree begins where yours ends. "

In June 2005, Dumas's recently-discovered last novel The Knight of Sainte-Hermine went on sale in France. The Knight of Sainte-Hermine ( Le Chevalier de Sainte-Hermine) is an unfinished Historical novel by Alexandre Dumas. Within the story, Dumas describes the Battle of Trafalgar in which the death of Lord Nelson is explained. The Battle of Trafalgar ( 21 October 1805) was a historic sea battle fought between the British Royal Navy and the combined fleets of the Vice-Admiral Horatio Nelson 1st Viscount Nelson 1st Duke of Bronté, KB (29 September 1758– 21 October 1805 was a British The novel was being published serially and was almost complete by the time of his death. A final two-and-a-half chapters were written by modern-day Dumas scholar Claude Schopp who based himself on Dumas' pre-writing notes.

Fiction

Alexandre Dumas, père wrote stories and historical chronicles of high adventure that captured the imagination of the French public who eagerly waited to purchase the continuing sagas. A few of these works are:

• The Women's War
• When Pierrot Was Young by Alexandre Dumas-French 1975
• Charles VII at the Homes of His Great Vassals (Charles VII chez ses grands vassaux), drama, adapted for the opera The Saracen by Russian composer César Cui
• The Fencing Master (Le maître d'armes, 1840)
• The Nutcracker (1844): a revision of Hoffmann's story, later adapted by Tchaikovsky as a ballet
• the D'Artagnan Romances:
  • The Three Musketeers (Les Trois Mousquetaires, 1844)
  • Twenty Years After (Vingt Ans Après, 1845)
  • The Vicomte de Bragelonne (Le Vicomte de Bragelonne, ou Dix ans plus tard, 1847): When published in English it was usually split into three parts: The Vicomte de Bragelonne, Louise de la Valliere, and The Man in the Iron Mask, of which the last part is the best known. The Saracen ( Сарацин in Cyrillic, Saracin in transliteration is an opera by César Cui composed during 1896-1898 César Antonovich Cui ( Цезарь Антонович Кюи, Tsezar' Antonovič Kjui) ( - March 13, 1918) was a Russian of French Year 1840 ( MDCCCXL) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year The Nutcracker (Щелкунчик Shchelkunchik) Op 71 is a Fairy tale - Ballet in two acts three scenes by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky Year 1844 ( MDCCCXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Ernst Theodor Wilhelm Hoffmann ( January 24, 1776 &ndash June 25, 1822) better known by his Pen name E The d'Artagnan Romances are a set of three novels by Alexandre Dumas telling the story of the Musketeer D'Artagnan from his humble beginnings in Gascony The Three Musketeers ( Les Trois Mousquetaires) is a Novel by Alexandre Dumas père. Year 1844 ( MDCCCXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year Twenty Years After ( Vingt ans après) is a novel by Alexandre Dumas père. Year 1845 ( MDCCCXLV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Vicomte of Bragelonne Ten Years Later ( Le Vicomte de Bragelonne ou Dix ans plus tard) is a novel by Alexandre Dumas père. Year 1847 ( MDCCCXLVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common (A third sequel, The Son of Porthos (1883) (a. Year 1883 ( MDCCCLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common k. a. The Death of Aramis) was published under the pen-name of Alexandre Dumas; however, most scholars believe the author to be Paul Mahalin. )
• The Count of Monte Cristo (Le Comte de Monte-Cristo, 1845–1846)
• The Regent's Daughter (1845)
• The Two Dianas (1846)
• the Valois romances
  • Queen Margot (1845)
  • La Dame de Monsoreau (1846) (a. The Count of Monte Cristo ( Le Comte de Monte-Cristo) is an Adventure novel by Alexandre Dumas père. Year 1845 ( MDCCCXLV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common For the game see 1846 (board game. Year 1846 ( MDCCCXLVI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display Year 1845 ( MDCCCXLV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common The Two Dianas (Les Deux Diane 1846) is a Novel by Alexandre Dumas père. For the game see 1846 (board game. Year 1846 ( MDCCCXLVI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display Queen Margot ( French La Reine Margot) is a Novel written in 1845 by Alexandre Dumas père, whose Year 1845 ( MDCCCXLV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common La Dame de Monsoreau is a novel by Alexandre Dumas père. It is based upon the amorous escapades of two ladies who occupied the Château de Montsoreau For the game see 1846 (board game. Year 1846 ( MDCCCXLVI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display k. a. Chicot the Jester)
  • The Forty-Five Guardsmen (1847)
• the Marie Antoinette romances:
  • Le Chevalier de Maison-Rouge (1845) (a. Year 1847 ( MDCCCXLVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common Le Chevalier de Maison-Rouge (translated as The Knight of Maison-Rouge A Novel of Marie Antoinette or The Knight of the Red House) was written in 1845 by Alexandre Year 1845 ( MDCCCXLV) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common k. a. The Knight of the Red House, or The Knight of Maison-Rouge)
  • Joseph Balsamo (1846–1848) (a. For the game see 1846 (board game. Year 1846 ( MDCCCXLVI) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display Year 1848 ( MDCCCXLVIII) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap k. a. Memoirs of a Physician, Cagliostro, Madame Dubarry, The Countess Dubarry, or The Elixir of Life)
  • The Queen's Necklace (1849–1850)
  • Ange Pitou (1853) (a. Count Alessandro di Cagliostro ( 2 June, 1743 – 26 August, 1795) was the alias for the Occultist Giuseppe Balsamo Marie-Jeanne(tte Bécu Comtesse du Barry ( April 19, 1743 – December 8, 1793) was a French Courtesan who became the Year 1849 ( MDCCCXLIX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common For the game see 1850 (board game. 1850 ( MDCCCL) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link Year 1853 ( MDCCCLIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common k. a. Storming the Bastille or Six Years Later)
  • The Countess de Charny (1853–1855) (a. Year 1855 ( MDCCCLV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common year k. a. Andrée de Taverney or The Mesmerist's Victim)
• The Black Tulip (La Tulipe Noire, 1850)
• The Wolf-Leader (Le Meneur de Loups, 1857)
• The Gold Thieves (after 1857): a play that was lost but rediscovered by the Canadian Reginald Hamel researcher in the Bibliothèque nationale de France in 2004
• The Companions of Jehu (Les Compagnons de Jehu, 1857)
• The Whites and the Blues (Les Blancs et Les Bleus, 1867)
• The Knight of Sainte-Hermine (Le Chevalier de Sainte-Hermine, 1869): This nearly completed novel was his last major work and was lost until its rediscovery by Claude Schopp in 1988 and subsequent release in 2005. The Black Tulip is an historical fiction novel written by Alexandre Dumas père. For the game see 1850 (board game. 1850 ( MDCCCL) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link The Wolf Leader is an English Translation by Alfred Allinson of Le Meneur de loups, an 1857 Fantasy novel Click here for Indian Rebellion of 1857 Year 1857 ( MDCCCLVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the Click here for Indian Rebellion of 1857 Year 1857 ( MDCCCLVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the Click here for Indian Rebellion of 1857 Year 1857 ( MDCCCLVII) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the Year 1867 ( MDCCCLXVII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting The Knight of Sainte-Hermine ( Le Chevalier de Sainte-Hermine) is an unfinished Historical novel by Alexandre Dumas. Year 1869 ( MDCCCLXIX) is a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Year 1988 ( MCMLXXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link displays 1988 Gregorian calendar) Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.

Drama

Though best known now as a novelist, Dumas earned his first fame as a dramatist. His Henri III et sa cour (1829) was the first of the great Romantic historical dramas produced on the Paris stage, preceding Victor Hugo's more famous Hernani (1830). For the game see 1829 (board game. Year 1829 ( MDCCCXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display Romanticism is a complex artistic literary and intellectual movement that originated in the second half of the 18th century in Western Europe, and gained strength during the Victor-Marie Hugo ( ( February 26, 1802 – May 22, 1885) was a French Poet, Playwright, Novelist See Hernani for other meanings of the word ------ Hernani (Full title Hernani ou l'Honneur Castillan) is a drama Produced at the Comédie-Française and starring the famous Mademoiselle Mars, Dumas's play was an enormous success, launching him on his career. The Comédie-Française or Théâtre-Français is one of the few State Theaters in France. Mademoiselle Mars, ( Anne Francoise Hyppolyte Boutet) ( February 9, 1779 - March 20, 1847) French actress was born in Paris It had fifty performances over the next year, extraordinary at the time.

Other hits followed. For example, Antony (1831), a drama with a contemporary Byronic hero, is considered the first non-historical Romantic drama. It starred Mars's great rival Marie Dorval. Marie Dorval ( January 6, 1798 - May 20, 1849) was a French actress There were also La Tour de Nesle (1832), another historical melodrama; and Kean (1836), based on the life of the great, and recently deceased, English actor Edmund Kean, played in turn by the great French actor Frédérick Lemaître. Melodrama refers to theatre in which music is used to increase the spectator's emotional response or to suggest character types Edmund Kean (March 17 1789 &ndash May 15 1833 was an English Actor, regarded in his time as the greatest ever Frédérick Lemaître, ( July 28, 1800 - January 26, 1876) was a French Actor and Playwright. Dumas wrote many more plays and dramatized several of his own novels.

Non-fiction

Dumas was also a prolific writer of non-fiction. He wrote journal articles on politics and culture, and books on French history.

His massive Grand dictionnaire de cuisine (Great Dictionary of Cuisine) was published posthumously in 1873. It is a combination of encyclopedia and cookbook. Dumas was both a gourmet and an expert cook. An abridged version, the Petit dictionnaire de cuisine (Small Dictionary of Cuisine), was published in 1882.

He was also a well-known travel writer, writing such books as

• Impressions de voyage: En Suisse (Travel Impressions: In Switzerland , 1834)
• Une Année à Florence (A Year in Florence , 1841)
• De Paris à Cadix (From Paris to Cadiz , 1847)
• Le Caucase (The Caucasus, 1859)
• Impressions de voyage: En Russie (Travel Impressions: In Russia , 1860). Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation Florence ( Italian: Firenze Florentia and Fiorenza) is the Capital City of the Italian region of Tuscany For the game see 1841 (board game. Year 1841 ( MDCCCXLI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link Cádiz ( Spanish:) is a city and port in southwestern Spain. It is the capital of the province of the same name, a province which is one of eight Year 1847 ( MDCCCXLVII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Common The Caucasus ( also referred to as North Caucasus) is a geopolitical region located between Europe Asia & Middle East Year 1859 ( MDCCCLIX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Year 1860 ( MDCCLX) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian Calendar (or a Leap year starting

Posthumous recognition

Buried in the place where he had been born, Alexandre Dumas remained in the cemetery at Villers-Cotterêts until November 30, 2002. Villers-Cotterêts is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardie in northern France. Events 1700 - Battle of Narva — A Swedish army of 8500 men under Charles XII defeats See also 2002 (disambiguation Year 2002 ( MMII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. Under orders of the French President, Jacques Chirac, his body was exhumed, and in a televised ceremony, his new coffin, draped in a blue-velvet cloth and flanked by four Republican Guards costumed as the Musketeers - Athos, Porthos, Aramis, and D'Artagnan - was transported in a solemn procession to the Panthéon of Paris, the great mausoleum where French luminaries are interred. The President of the French Republic (Président de la République française colloquially referred to in English as the President of France, is France 's elected A musketeer (mousquetaire was an early modern type of Infantry Soldier equipped with a Musket. Athos (born c 1595; died 1661 is a Fictional character in the novels The Three Musketeers, Twenty Years After, and Porthos is a Fictional character in the novels The Three Musketeers, Twenty Years After and The Vicomte de Bragelonne René d'Herblay 'Aramis' is a Fictional character in the novels The Three Musketeers, Twenty Years After and The Vicomte Charles de Batz-Castelmore Comte d'Artagnan (c Lupiac 1611 - 25 June, Maastricht The Panthéon ( Latin Pantheon, from Greek Pantheon meaning "All the gods" is a building in the Latin Quarter A mausoleum ( plural: mausolea is an external free-standing building constructed as a monument enclosing the interment space or burial chamber of a deceased person or persons In his speech, President Chirac said: "With you, we were D'Artagnan, Monte Cristo, or Balsamo, riding along the roads of France, touring battlefields, visiting palaces and castles—with you, we dream. " In an interview following the ceremony, President Chirac acknowledged the racism that had existed, saying that a wrong had now been righted with Alexandre Dumas enshrined alongside fellow authors Victor Hugo and Voltaire. List of racism-related topics|Racism by country Racism, by its simplest definition is the belief that race is the primary determinant of human traits and capacities and that Victor-Marie Hugo ( ( February 26, 1802 – May 22, 1885) was a French Poet, Playwright, Novelist François-Marie Arouet ( 21 November 1694 30 May 1778) better known by the Pen name Voltaire, was a French The honor recognized that although France has produced many great writers, none have been as widely read as Alexandre Dumas. His stories have been translated into almost a hundred languages, and have inspired more than 200 motion pictures.

Alexandre Dumas's home outside of Paris, the Château Monte Cristo, has been restored and is open to the public.

A metro station in Paris was renamed in his honor in 1970. Alexandre Dumas is a station of the Paris Métro, serving Line 2.

See also

• Adah Isaacs Menken

References

1. ^ http://www.dumaspere.com/pages/vie/biographie.html
2. ^ http://marianne2.fr/-Le-metissage-rentre-au-Pantheon-_a40493.html

• Gorman, Herbert (1929). Adah Isaacs Menken ( June 15, 1835 – August 10, 1868) was an American Actress, painter and Poet The Incredible Marquis, Alexandre Dumas. New York: Farrar & Rinehart. OCLC 1370481. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose  
• Hemmings, F. W. J. (1979). Alexandre Dumas, the king of romance. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. ISBN 0684163918.  
• Lucas-Dubreton, Jean (1928). The Fourth Musketeer (html), trans. by Maida Castelhun Darnton, New York: Coward-McCann. OCLC 230139. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose  
• Maurois, André (1957). André Maurois, born Emile Salomon Wilhelm Herzog, ( July 26, 1885 &ndash October 9, 1967) was a French author and man of letters The Titans, a three-generation biography of the Dumas, trans. by Gerard Hopkins, New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers. OCLC 260126. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose  
• Reed, F. W. (Frank Wild) (1933). A Bibliography of Alexandre Dumas père. Pinner Hill, Middlesex: J. A. Neuhuys. OCLC 1420223. The OCLC Online Computer Library Center is according to its website a "nonprofit membership computer library service and research organization dedicated to the public purpose  
• Ross, Michael (1981). Alexandre Dumas. Newton Abbot, London, North Pomfret (Vt): David & Charles. ISBN 0715377582.  
• Schopp, Claude (1988). Alexandre Dumas, Genius of Life, trans. by A. J. Koch, New York, Toronto: Franklin Watts. ISBN 0531150933.  
• Spurr, H. A. (1929, 1973). The Life and Writings of Alexandre Dumas. New York: Haskell House Publishers. ISBN 0838315496.  

External links

• Works by Alexandre Dumas, père at Project Gutenberg
• Works by Alexandre Dumas at Internet Archive
• The Alexandre Dumas père Web Site, with a complete bibliography and notes about many of the works. Project Gutenberg, abbreviated as PG, is a volunteer effort to Digitize, archive and distribute Cultural works The Internet Archive ( IA) is a Nonprofit organization dedicated to maintaining an on-line Library and archive of Web and
• Herald Sun: Lost Dumas play discovered
• Lost Dumas novel hits bookshelves
• Dumas' Works: text, concordances and frequency lists
• Rafferty, Terrence. "All for One", The New York Times, August 20, 2006 (a review of the new translation of The Three Musketeers, ISBN 0670037796)
• 1866 Caricature of Alexandre Dumas by André Gill
• Freely downloadable works of Alexandre Dumas in PDF format (text mode)
• Alexandre Dumas Collection at the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas at Austin
• Alejandro Dumas Vida y Obras First Spanish Website about Alexandre Dumas and his works. The Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center is a Library and Archive at the University of Texas at Austin, specializing in the collection of literary and