?Ahmedabad Gujarat • India
Ahmedabad
Coordinates: 23°02′N 72°35′E / 23.03, 72.58
Time zone	IST (UTC+5:30)
Area • Elevation	190 km² (73 sq mi) • 53 m (174 ft)
District(s)	Ahmedabad
Population • Density • Metro	4,269,846 (2008) • 22,473 /km² (58,205 /sq mi) • 5,680,566 (7th) (2008)
Mayor	Kanaji Thakor
Codes • Pincode • Telephone • Vehicle	• 380 0XX • +079 • GJ-1

Coordinates: 23°02′N 72°35′E / 23.03, 72.58 Ahmedabad (Gujarati: અમદાવાદ Amdāvād, Hindi: अहमदाबाद Ahmadābād (help·info)) is the largest city in the state of Gujarat and the seventh-largest urban agglomeration in India, with a population of 56 lakhs (5. Gujarat (ગુજરાત Gujǎrāt, pronounced) is a state in western India. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Indian Standard Time ( IST) is the time observed throughout India and Sri Lanka, with a Time offset of UTC+530. UTC+530 is the Timezone for Indian Standard Time Sri Lanka Time The geography of India is diverse with landscape ranging from snow-capped mountain ranges to deserts plains rainforests hills and plateaus The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. To help compare Orders of magnitude of different geographical regions we list here areas between 1000 km2 and 10000 km2 A district is an administrative division of an Indian state or territory. Ahmedabad District is the 5th largest city of India in the central part of the state of Gujarat in western India and located on the bank of river Sabarmati In Biology a population is the collection of inter-breeding organisms of a particular Species; in Sociology Population density (in agriculture standing stock and Standing crop) is a measurement of Population per unit area or unit volume A metropolitan area is a large population center consisting of a large Metropolis and its adjacent zone of influence or of more than one closely adjoining neighboring central 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common This article lists the top hundred metropolitan areas in India by population as of 2008. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Kanaji Thakor is the Mayor of the city of Ahmedabad, in the state of Gujarat, India. A Postal Index Number or PIN or Pincode is the post office numbering or Post code system used by India Post the Indian Postal For the past decade or so telecommunication activities have gained momentum in India KA-19-P-8488jpg|thumb|270px|Close up of a licence plate used in Mangalore, Karnataka. A geographic coordinate system enables every location on the Earth to be specified in three coordinates using mainly a spherical coordinate system. Gujarati (ગુજરાતી Gujǎrātī ? Hindi ( Devanāgarī: hi [[wiktहिन्दी हिन्दी]] or hi [[wiktहिंदी हिंदी]] IAST:, IPA:) is India is a union of states comprising twenty-eight states and seven union territories. Gujarat (ગુજરાત Gujǎrāt, pronounced) is a state in western India. This article lists the top hundred metropolitan areas in India by population as of 2008. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country A lakh (also written lac, and lackh in an Indian english language news source India PR Wire 8 Oct '08 is a unit in the Indian numbering system equal to 6 million). ^[1] Located on the banks of the River Sabarmati, the city is the administrative centre of Ahmedabad district, and was the capital of Gujarat from 1960 to 1970; the capital was shifted to Gandhinagar thereafter. The Sabarmati River is a river in Western India. It is approximately 371 km in length Ahmedabad District is the 5th largest city of India in the central part of the state of Gujarat in western India and located on the bank of river Sabarmati Gandhinagar ( Gujarati: ગાંધીનગર Hindi: गाँधीनगर is the capital of Gujarat State India. The city is sometimes called Karnavati, a name for an older town that existed in the same location; in colloquial Gujarati, it is commonly called Amdavad.

Ahmedabad was founded in 1411 by Sultan Ahmed Shah to serve as the capital of the Sultanate of Gujarat. Ahmed Shah was a Sultan of Gujarat 's ruling Muzaffarid dynasty from 1411 until his death in 1442 The Muzaffarid dynasty were Sultans of Gujarat in western India from 1391 to 1583 The city is named after its founder. Under British rule, a military cantonment was established and the city infrastructure was modernised and expanded. For usage see British rule in India British Raj ( rāj, lit "reign" in Hindustani) primarily refers to the British Cantonment Florida is town north of Pensacola Florida See also Canton and Cantonist A cantonment is a Although incorporated into the Bombay Presidency during the British rule in India, Ahmedabad remained the most important city in the Gujarat region. The Bombay Presidency was a former province of British India. The city established itself as the home of a booming textile industry, which earned it the nickname "the Manchester of the East. "^[2] The city was at the forefront of the Indian independence movement in the first half of the 20th century. The term " Indian independence movement " is diffuse incorporating various national and regional campaigns agitations and efforts of both Nonviolent and Militant ^[2] It was the centre of many campaigns of civil disobedience to promote workers' rights, civil rights and political independence. Civil disobedience is the active refusal to obey certain Laws demands and commands of a Government, or of an occupying power, without resorting to physical

With the creation of the state of Gujarat in 1960, Ahmedabad gained prominence as the political and commercial capital of the state. The States Reorganization Act of 1956 was a major reform of the boundaries and governance of India 's states and territories. Once characterised by dusty roads and bungalows, the city is witnessing a major construction boom and population increase. A bungalow (બંગલો baṅglo, बंगला baṅglā) is a type of single-storey House that originated in India. A rising centre of education, information technology and scientific industries, Ahmedabad remains the cultural and commercial heart of Gujarat, and much of western India. Information technology ( IT) as defined by the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA is "the study design development implementation support The culture of India has been shaped by the long History of India, its unique geography and the absorption of customs traditions and ideas from some of its neighbors The economy of India, measured in USD exchange-rate terms is the twelfth largest in the world with a GDP of around $1 trillion (2008 Since 2000, the city has been transformed through the construction of skyscrapers, shopping malls and multiplexes. For the fictional character called Megaplex see Megaplex (Transformers. ^[3] However, this progress has been marred by natural calamities, political instability and outbreaks of communal violence.

A newly concieved Gujarat International Finance Tec-City (GIFT) is going to pop up near NH-8 by year 2010.

History

Main article: History of Ahmedabad

Archaeological evidence suggests that the area around Ahmedabad has been inhabited since the 11th century, when it was known as Ashapalli or Ashaval. Ahmedabad is the largest city in the state of Gujarat. It is located in western India on the banks of the River Sabarmati. Ashaval was the city which existed in place of Ahmedabad in the state of Gujarat, India in the eleventh century At that time, Karandev I, the Solanki ruler of Anhilwara (modern Patan), waged a successful war against the Bhil king of Ashaval. Karandev I was a Solanki ruler credited with laying the foundation of the city of Karnavati, an old name for the city of Ahmedabad in western India The Solanki (from Chalukya, an ancient Indian dynasty are a Hindu clan who ruled parts of western and central India between the 10th WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Patan City was capital of Gujrat in Medieval Times You may also be looking for Bheel or Bil Bhils are a tribal people of Central India. Soon after the victory, he established a city called Karnavati on the banks of the Sabarmati at the site of modern Ahmedabad. Solanki rule lasted until the 13th century, when Gujarat came under the control of the Vaghela dynasty of Dholka and Ahmedabad was conquered by the Sultanate of Delhi. The Vaghela dynasty was a ruling clan of Gujarat, India. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Dholka is a city and a Municipality in Ahmedabad district in the state of Gujarat The Delhi Sultanate ( Urdu: دلی سلطنت, दिल्ली सलतनत or Sultanat e Hind ( سلطنتِ هند; सलतनत ए

Map of Ahmedabad, depicted in a miniature style painting on a cloth, circa 19th century

In 1411, the rule of the Muzaffarid dynasty was established in Gujarat. The Muzaffarid dynasty were Sultans of Gujarat in western India from 1391 to 1583 According to tradition, Sultan Ahmed Shah, while camping on the banks of the River Sabarmati, saw a hare chasing a dog. Ahmed Shah was a Sultan of Gujarat 's ruling Muzaffarid dynasty from 1411 until his death in 1442 Impressed by this act of bravery, the Sultan, who had been looking for a place to build his new capital, decided to locate the capital here and called it Ahmedabad. ^[4]

In 1487, Mahmud Begada, the grandson of Ahmed Shah, fortified the city with an outer wall 10 km (6 miles) in circumference and consisting of twelve gates, 189 bastions and over 6,000 battlements. Mahmud Begada ( May 25, 1458 &ndash 1511 also known as Sultan Mahmud I was the great-grandson of Ahmed Shah, the founder of the Muslim Fortifications are Military Constructions and Buildings designed for defense in Warfare Humans have constructed defensive works for Old Ahmedabad city Gujarat 's commercial capital was encompassed within a fort A bastion is a structure projecting outward from the main enclosure of a Fortification, situated in both corners of a straight wall (termed curtain with the shape A battlement, (also called a Crenellation) in defensive Architecture such as that of City walls or Castles comprises a Parapet Ahmedabad was ruled by the Muzaffarid dynasty until 1573 when Muzaffar II was the Sultan of Ahmedabad. Muzafar II was the last Sultan of Ahmedabad from the Muzaffarid dynasty. Gujarat was then conquered by the Mughal emperor Akbar in 1573. Akbar redirects here For other uses see Akbar (disambiguation Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbar ( Jalāl ud-Dīn Muhammad Akbar During the Mughal reign, Ahmedabad became one of the Empire's thriving centres of trade, mainly in textiles, which were exported to as far as Europe. A textile is a flexible material comprised of a network of natural or artificial Fibres often referred to as thread or Yarn. The Mughal ruler Shahjahan spent the prime of his life in the city, sponsoring the construction of the Moti Shahi Mahal in Shahibaug. Shihab-ud-din Muhammad Shah Jahan I (full title Al-Sultan al-'Azam wal Khaqan al-Mukarram Abu'l-Muzaffar Shihab ud-din Muhammad Sahib-i-Qiran-i-Sani Shah Jahan I Padshah Ghazi The Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Memorial is a museum and exhibition centre dedicated to Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, an Indian independence activist and political Shahibaug is a locality of the city of Ahmedabad, where amongst other colonial and Mughal-era monuments stands the Moti Shahi Mahal. The armies of the Maratha generals Raghunath Rao and Damaji Gaekwad captured the city and ended Mughal rule in Ahmedabad. The Marāthās ( Marathi: mr मराठा also Mahrattas) form an Indo Aryan group of Hindu Warriors hailing mostly from the present-day Raghunathrao was Peshwa of the Maratha Confederacy from 1773 to 1774 A famine in 1630 and the constant conflicts between the Peshwa and the Gaekwad armies virtually destroyed many parts of the city, causing its population to flee. A famine is a widespread shortage of food that may apply to any Faunal species which phenomenon is usually accompanied by regional Malnutrition, Starvation The Peshwa ( Marathi:पेशवा plural Peshwe, Marathi:पेशवे were Brahmin Prime Ministers to the Maratha ^[5] The British East India Company took over the city in 1818 as a part of the conquest of India. The Honourable East India Company ( HEIC) referred to most commonly as the East India Company, also historically and colloquially as John Company, or A military cantonment was established in 1824 and a municipal government in 1858. In 1864, a railway link between Ahmedabad and Mumbai (then Bombay) was established by the Bombay, Baroda, and Central India Railway (BB&CI), making Ahmedabad an important junction in the traffic and trade between northern and southern India. Mumbai ( Marathi:,, IPA: formerly Bombay, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the financial The Bombay Baroda and Central India Railway (BB&CI was a company incorporated in 1855 to undertake the task of constructing a railway line between Bombay and Surat Geography Northern India lies mainly on continental India and a very small part of it lies on the Indian peninsula South India is the area encompassing India 's states of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu as well as the union Large numbers of people migrated from rural areas to work in textile mills, establishing a robust industry.

The Indian independence movement developed strong roots in the city when, in 1915, Mahatma Gandhi established two ashrams — the Kochrab Ashram near Paldi in 1915 and the Satyagraha Ashram (now Sabarmati Ashram) on the banks of the Sabarmati in 1917 — that would become centres of intense nationalist activities. The term " Indian independence movement " is diffuse incorporating various national and regional campaigns agitations and efforts of both Nonviolent and Militant Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi ( Gujarati: મોહનદાસ કરમચંદ ગાંધી moɦən̪d̪äs kəɾəmʧən̪d̪ gän̪d̪ʱi (2 October 1869 – 30 January An Ashram in ancient India was a Hindu hermitage where sages lived in Peace and tranquility amidst Nature. The Kochrab Ashram was the first Ashram organized by Mohandas Gandhi, the leader of the Indian independence movement. Paldi is an area located in Ahmedabad, India. One of the premier design schools in India - The National Institute of Design is located in Paldi Sabarmati Ashram ( Gujarati: સાબરમતી આશ્રમ also known as Gandhi Ashram Harijan Ashram or Satyagraha Ashram is located During the mass protests against the Rowlatt Act in 1919, textile workers burned down 51 government buildings across the city in protest at a British attempt to extend wartime regulations after the First World War. The non-cooperation movement (असहयोग आन्दोलन was the first-ever series of nationwide people's movements of Nonviolent resistance and Civil Disobedience The Rowlatt Act was a law passed by the British Raj in India in March 1919 indefinitely extending "emergency measures" (of the Defence of India Regulations World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All ^[6] In the 1920s, textile workers and teachers went on strike, demanding civil rights and better pay and working conditions. In 1930, Gandhi initiated the Salt Satyagraha from Ahmedabad by embarking from his ashram on the famous Dandi Salt March. The Salt Satyagraha was a campaign of non-violent protest against the British salt tax in colonial India which began with the Salt March to Dandi on March 12 1930 The Salt Satyagraha was a campaign of non-violent protest against the British salt tax in colonial India which began with the Salt March to Dandi on March 12 1930 The city administration and economic institutions were rendered functionless by the large masses of people who took to the streets in peaceful protests in the early 1930s, and again in 1942 during the Quit India movement. The Quit India Movement (Bharat Chhodo Andolan or the August Movement) was a Civil disobedience movement launched in India in August 1942 in Following independence and the partition of India in 1947, the city was scarred by intense communal violence that broke out between Hindus and Muslims. The Partition of India was the partition of the British Indian Empire which led to the creation on August 14, 1947 and August 15, India is the birthplace of Hinduism. Hinduism is seen by many non- Hindus a set of practices of the people of India. Islam in India is the second-most practiced religion after Hinduism.

The Sabarmati Ashram, home of Mahatma Gandhi

Ahmedabad became the capital of the new state of Gujarat after the bifurcation of the State of Bombay on 1 May 1960. Sabarmati Ashram ( Gujarati: સાબરમતી આશ્રમ also known as Gandhi Ashram Harijan Ashram or Satyagraha Ashram is located Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi ( Gujarati: મોહનદાસ કરમચંદ ગાંધી moɦən̪d̪äs kəɾəmʧən̪d̪ gän̪d̪ʱi (2 October 1869 – 30 January The State of Bombay is a former state of India. During British rule, portions of the western coast of India under direct British rule were part of the Events 305 - Diocletian and Maximian retire from the office of Roman Emperor. Year 1960 ( MCMLX) was a Leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. During that period, a large number of educational and research institutions were founded in the city, making it a major centre of higher education, science and technology. Structure There are broadly four stages of school education in India namely primary upper primary secondary and higher secondary (or High school) Ahmedabad's economic base was diversified with the establishment of heavy and chemical industries in its vicinity around the same period. Heavy industry does not have a single fixed meaning as compared to Light industry. The chemical industry comprises the companies that produce industrial chemicals But the growth in the next two decades was punctuated by political events in and around the city. In February 1974, Ahmedabad occupied the centre stage in national politics with the launch of the Nav Nirman agitation — a protest against a 20% hike in the hostel food fees at the L.D. College of Engineering that snowballed into a mass agitation to remove Chimanbhai Patel, then-chief minister of Gujarat, on charges of corruption. The Nav Nirman ( Re-invention) movement was a socio-political movement that occurred in 1974 in Gujarat. Lalbhai Dalpatbhai College of Engineering (The title of the page wrongly displays "dalpatram" located in Ahmedabad, is an engineering college in India. Chimanbhai Patel (1929 1994 is a former chief minister of Gujarat state in India ^[7] In the 1980s, a reservation policy was introduced in the country, which led to anti-reservation protests in 1981 and 1985. Reservation in Indian law is a form of Affirmative action whereby a percentage of seats are reserved in the public sector units union and state civil services The protests witnessed violent clashes between people belonging to various castes. Caste (Sanskrit Gyati ज्ञाति, Hindi Biradari बिरादरी samaj समाज jati जाति etc, Urdu Zat ज़ात) is an Endogamous group ^[8]

On 26 January 2001 a devastating earthquake struck the city, centred near Bhuj, measuring 6. Events 1340 - King Edward III of England is declared King of France. Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. The 2001 Gujarat earthquake occurred on January 26, 2001, which coincided with the 51st celebration of Republic Day (India at 0317 hrs GMT WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Bhuj (gu ભુજ is a city and a Municipality in Kachchh district in the state of Gujarat 9 on the Richter scale. The Richter magnitude scale, or more correctly local magnitude M L scale assigns a single number to quantify the amount of seismic energy released As many as 50 multistory buildings collapsed, killing 752 people and devastating the city's infrastructure. ^[9] The following year, communal riots between Hindus and Muslims spread to Ahmedabad, paralysing the city for more than a month. The 2002 Gujarat violence describes a series of communal Riots between the communities of Hindus and Muslims that took place in the Indian The crisis resulted in the deaths of an estimated 1,044 people across the state. ^[10] The displacement of thousands of Muslims led to the erection of refugee camps around the city.

In recent years, the effects of globalisation and the liberalisation of the Indian economy has energised the city's economy. Globalization (or globalisation) in its literal sense is the process of transformation of local or regional phenomena into global ones ^[3] The city has witnessed the establishment of scientific and service industries, the expansion of the information technology sector, and significant improvements in transportation and communications. Information technology ( IT) as defined by the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA is "the study design development implementation support Ahmedabad's population is growing, which has resulted in a construction and housing boom. However, this has challenged the city's infrastructure and power supply. This is a list of States and Union Territories of India by installed capacity of power utilities with generation mode break-up as of 3 April 2006 published by the Ministry of Power ^[3]

Geography and climate

Main article: Geography of Ahmedabad

River Sabarmati

Vastrapur Lake

The Gujarat High Court in Ahmedabad. Ahmedabad is located on the banks of the River Sabarmati in the northern part of Gujarat and the western part of India. The Gujarat High Court (गुजरात उच्च न्यायालय is the High Court of the state of Gujarat.

Ahmedabad is located at 23.03° N 72.58° E in western India at an elevation of 53 metres (174 feet). The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit The city sits on the banks of the River Sabarmati, in north-central Gujarat. The Sabarmati River is a river in Western India. It is approximately 371 km in length It spans an area of 205 km² (79. Square Kilometre ( US spelling square kilometer) symbol km2, is a decimal multiple of the SI unit of 15 square miles). The Sabarmati frequently dries up in the summer, leaving only a small stream of water. The city is located in a sandy and dry area. Many of the localities and roads are often spread in sand, reflecting the intensifying fallout caused by deforestation. Deforestation is the conversion of Forested areas to non-forest land for use such as Arable land, Pasture, urban use logged area or wasteland The steady expansion of the Rann of Kutch threatens to increase desertification around the city area and much of the state. The Rann of Kutch is a seasonally marshy region located in the Thar Desert biogeographic province in Gujarat state of northwestern India Desertification is the degradation of land in arid and dry sub-humid areas resulting primarily from human activities and influenced by climatic variations Except for the small hills of Thaltej-Jodhpur Tekra, the city is almost flat. The Thaltej-Jodhpur Tekra are a small group of hills located near Ahmedabad in India. Two lakes are within the city's limits — Kankaria Lake and Vastrapur Lake. Kankaria is the biggest Lake of the city of Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India. The Vastrapur Lake is a Lake situated in the city of Ahmedabad in the state of Gujarat in western India. Kankaria lake, in the neighbourhood of Maninagar, is an artificial lake developed by the Sultan of Delhi, Qutb-ud-din Aybak, in 1451. Maninagar is an area of Ahmedabad city Gujarat, India. It is located in the southern part of the city Qutb-ud-din Aybak ( Persian / Urdu: قطب الدین ایبک) was a Turkic ruler of medieval India, the first Sultan of Delhi ^[11] According to the Bureau of Indian Standards, the town falls under seismic zone-III, in a scale of I to V (in order of increasing proneness to earthquakes) while the wind and cyclone zoning is "very high damage risk", according to UNDP report. Headline text The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS, the National Standards Body of India is involved in the development of technical standards (popularly known as Indian The Indian subcontinent had a long history of devastating Earthquakes The major reason for the high frequency and intensity of the earthquakes is that India continues to drive into ^[12]

There are three main seasons: summer, monsoon and winter. A monsoon is a seasonal prevailing wind which lasts for several months Aside from the monsoon season, the climate is dry. The weather is hot through the months of March to June — the average summer maximum is 36 °C (97 °F), and the average minimum is 23 °C (73 °F). The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. Fahrenheit is a temperature scale named after Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736 a German Physicist who proposed it in 1724 From November to February, the average maximum temperature is 30 °C (85 °F), the average minimum is 15 °C (59 °F), and the climate is extremely dry. Cold northerly winds are responsible for a mild chill in January. The southwest monsoon brings a humid climate from mid-June to mid-September. The average rainfall is 93. 2 cm (36. A centimetre ( American spelling: centimeter, symbol cm) is a unit of Length in the Metric system, equal to one hundredth 7 inches), but infrequent heavy torrential rains cause the river to flood. A flood is an overflow of an expanse of water that submerges land a deluge The highest temperature recorded is 47 °C (116. 6 °F) and the lowest is 5 °C (41 °F). ^[13] In recent years, Ahmedabad has suffered from increasing air, water and soil pollution from neighbouring industrial areas and textile mills.

Ahmedabad is divided by the Sabarmati into two physically distinct eastern and western regions. The eastern bank of the river houses the old city, which includes the central town of Bhadra. For the month of Bhadra or Bhadrapada in the Indian calendar, see Bhaadra(pada. This part of Ahmedabad is characterised by packed bazaars, the clustered and barricaded pol system of close clustered buildings, and numerous places of worship. A pol (pronounced as pole is a housing cluster which comprises many families of a particular group linked by Caste, profession or religion It houses the main railway station, the General Post Office, and landmark buildings of the Muzaffarid and British eras. The colonial period saw the expansion of the city to the western side of Sabarmati, facilitated by the construction of Ellis Bridge in 1875 and later with the modern Nehru Bridge. The Ellis Bridge is a major landmark structure in the city of Ahmedabad, as well as an artery of public transport across the river Sabarmati. The Nehru Bridge is a major Bridge over the river Sabarmati, and serves as an artery of major public transport for the city of Ahmedabad in the state of This part of the city houses educational institutions, modern buildings, well-planned residential areas, shopping malls, multiplexes and new business districts centred around C. G. Road, Ashram Road, and more recently, the Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway. C G Road is one of the main roads of Ahmedabad. The road was remade in the 1990s which turned the road into a major financial hub of Ahmedabad The Ashram Road is one of the major roads in the city of Ahmedabad in India. The Sarkhej-Gandhinagar Highway, colloquially the "SG Road" connects the city of Ahmedabad with Gandhinagar, the capital of the state of Gujarat ^[14]

Civic administration

Balvantrai Thakore, Sardar Patel and Ganesh Mavlankar at a ceremony held in the municipality compound to celebrate centenary year of the Ahmedabad Municipality in 1935

Ahmedabad is administered by the Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation (AMC). The Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation or the AMC, established in July 1950 under the Bombay Provincial Corporation Act 1949 is responsible for the civic infrastructure and administration Some of the regions surrounding the city are administered by the Ahmedabad Urban Development Authority (AUDA). The Ahmedabad Urban Development Authority is a civilian government body responsible for overseeing and sanctioning construction and infrastructure development across the suburbs of the The AMC was established in July 1950 under the Bombay Provincial Corporation Act, 1949. For administrative purposes, the city is divided into five zones and 43 wards. Three corporators are elected from each ward,^[15] who in turn elect a mayor. Local Governance in India is divided into urban and rural local governance Executive powers are vested in the municipal commissioner, who is an IAS officer appointed by the Gujarat state government. The Indian Administrative Service ( IAS) is the administrative Civil service of the Indian government. The mayor is responsible for the day-to-day running of the municipal school board, the city bus service, the municipal hospital, and the city library. The city serves as the headquarters of Ahmedabad district and as the seat of the Gujarat High Court. The Gujarat High Court (गुजरात उच्च न्यायालय is the High Court of the state of Gujarat.

The Ahmedabad city police are headed by a Police Commissioner, an IPS officer. Police Commissioner (or Commissioner of Police) is the title of the chief officer of many law enforcement agencies. Indian police redirects here For other uses see Indian police (disambiguation. Electricity in the city is provided by Torrent Power AEC Limited, previously a state-run corporation. Torrent Power Limited is a part of Rs 33 billion Torrent Group which has interests in the Pharmaceutical and Power sectors The city elects one member to the Lok Sabha and seven to the Gujarat Vidhan Sabha. The Lok Sabha (also titled the House of the People, by the Constitution) is the directly elected Lower house of the Parliament of India The Vidhan Sabha also known as Legislative Assembly is the lower house of state legislature in India. Two main political parties have won a significant number of seats in elections — the Bharatiya Janata Party and the Indian National Congress. Elections in India are more than a process of voting someone to rule the nation The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP (भारतीय जनता पार्टी, Translation: Indian People's Party) founded in 1980 is a major Political Indian National Congress-I (also known as the Congress Party and abbreviated INC) is a major Political party in India. Of the thirteen assembly seats of Ahmedabad, ten were won by the BJP and three by the Congress Party during the legislative elections in 2007. ^[16] In the 2005 Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation elections, the BJP won 96 seats, 32 seats went to the Congress, and one seat went to an independent candidate. ^[17]

Economy

Retail is a big portion of the commercial economy

Main article: Economy of Ahmedabad

Ahmedabad is the largest inland industrial centre in western India, and has historically enjoyed a reputation as an important base of commerce, trade and industry. Ahmedabad is the largest inland industrial center and the second largest industrial center in western India after Mumbai. Under Muzaffarid rule, the city was a major trade destination for western India, because of its proximity to the port at Surat and for its access to the hinterland of Gujarat. In the 19th century, the textile and garments industry developed and thrived in the city — on 30 May 1861 Ranchhodlal Chhotalal founded the first Indian textile mill, the Ahmedabad Spinning and Weaving Company Limited. Events 1416 - The Council of Constance, called by the Emperor Sigismund a supporter of Antipope John XXIII burns Jerome of Prague following Year 1861 ( MDCCCLXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Ranchhodlal Chhotalal (1823-1898 was a pioneer of the textile industry in Ahmedabad. The Ahmedabad Spinning and Weaving Company Ltd was the first Textile mill and garments company established in India on May 30, 1861. This was followed by the establishment of a series of textile mills such as the Calico Mills in 1880 by Maganbhai, and mills founded by industrialists such as Ambalal Sarabhai and Kasturbhai Lalbhai. The Calico Mills is one of Ahmedabad ’s earliest textile mills established in 1880 Ambalal Sarabhai (1890-1967 was a leading industrialist of Ahmedabad and also played an important role in India's freedom struggle. Kasturbhai Lalbhai ( 19 December 1894 – 20 January 1980) was an Indian Industrialist. ^[3] Arvind Mills, located in Ahmedabad, is one of the largest textile mills in the country. Arvind Mills, the Flagship company of the Lalbhai Group, is one of India 's leading Composite Manufacturer of Textiles

Ahmedabad has a thriving chemicals and pharmaceuticals industry. Two of the biggest pharmaceutical companies of India — Zydus Cadila and Torrent Pharmaceuticals — are based in the city. Cadila Healthcare is an Indian pharmaceutical company headquartered at Ahmedabad in Gujarat state of western India. Torrent Pharmaceuticals Ltd is the flagship company of the Torrent Group. The city serves as the corporate headquarters of the Adani Group, which is a leading multinational trading and infrastructure development company. The Adani Group is a leading trading and Export company of India with revenues of $3 The Nirma group of industries, which runs a large number of detergent and chemical industrial units, has its corporate headquarters in the city. Nirma is a group of companies based in the city of Ahmedabad in western India manufacturing products ranging from cosmetics soaps detergents and salt In recent year many foreign companies have set up their sales offices and production facilities in Ahmedabad. Amongst them are Bosch Rexroth, Germany (hydraulic components); Stork, Netherlands (textile machinery; joint venture with ATE, India's leading textile equipment trading house); Rollepaal, Netherlands (pipe extrusion equipment); and Johnson Pumps, Sweden. Robert Bosch GmbH is a German diversified technology-based corporation which was started in 1886 by Robert Bosch in Stuttgart Germany. Rollepaal BV is a Dutch manufacturer of pipe extrusion equipment (mainly for PVC and PO pipes

The completion and operation of the Sardar Sarovar Project of dams and canals has improved the supply of potable water and electricity for the city. The Narmada Dam Project, is a project involving the construction of a series of large hydroelectric Dams on the Narmada River in India. In recent years, the Gujarat government has increased investment in the modernisation of the city's infrastructure, providing for the construction of larger roads and improvements to water supply, electricity and communications. The information technology industry has developed significantly in Ahmedabad. Information technology ( IT) as defined by the Information Technology Association of America (ITAA is "the study design development implementation support ^[3] A NASSCOM survey in 2002 on the "Super Nine Indian Destinations" for IT-enabled services ranked Ahmedabad fifth among the top nine most competitive cities in the country. The National Association of Software and Services Companies ( NASSCOM) the Indian Chamber of commerce is a consortium that serves as an interface to the ^[18]

A diverse labour force of migrant workers from different parts of Gujarat and neighbouring states is integral to the economy of the city. These workers provide vital household labour and services for the city's large middle class. Ahmedabad plays a strong and significant role in providing commercial resources and market access for the economies of neighbouring cities. A majority of the working-age citizens of Ahmedabad are traders and business people. This has led to the creation of major mercantile corporations and artisan guilds that are a key influence on the economic life of Gujarat. An artisan, also called a Craftsman, is a skilled manual worker who crafts items that may be functional or strictly decorative including furniture clothing The city's educational and industrial institutions have attracted students and young skilled workers from the rest of India. ^[3]

Demographics

Main article: Demographics of Ahmedabad

As of 2001 India census,^[19] Ahmedabad had a population of 3,515,361. According to the 2001 national census the population of Ahmedabad was declared to be 35 lakhs or 3 Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. A census is the procedure of acquiring information about every member of a given population This figure was limited to the municipal region. The total population of the Ahmedabad Urban Agglomeration (which includes the region governed by AUDA) came to 4. 5 million, and is estimated to have grown to 5. 6 million in 2008. ^[20] There are 886 females to every 1000 males. Ahmedabad has a literacy rate of 79. Literacy in India is an indispensable means for effective social and economic participation contributing to human development and poverty reduction says UNESCO. 89%, which is the highest in Gujarat (87. 81% males and 71. 12% females are literate). ^[21] According to the census for the Ninth Plan, there are 30,737 rural families living in Ahmedabad. The Economy of India is based in part on planning through its Five-year plans, developed executed and monitored by the Planning Commission. Of those, 5. 41% (1663 families) live below the poverty line. The poverty threshold, or poverty line, is the minimum level of Income deemed necessary to achieve an adequate Standard of living in a given country ^[22] Approximately 440,000 people live in slums in the city. A slum, as defined by the United Nations agency UN-HABITAT, is a run-down area of a city characterized by substandard housing and squalor and lacking in tenure security ^[23] Ahmedabad is home to a large population of Vanias (i. According to the Indian caste system, Vanika ( Sanskrit) or Bania ( Hindi, Punjabi and other Indian languages is a trader or merchant e. , traders), belonging to the Vaishnava sect of Hinduism and the sects of Jainism. Vaishnavism is a tradition of Hinduism, distinguished from other schools by its worship of Vishnu or its associated avatars principally as Rama and Jainism, traditionally known as Jain Dharma / Shraman Dharma (जैन धर्म is an ancient religion of India. Most of the residents of Ahmedabad are native Gujaratis. Gujarati people ( Gujarati: ગુજરાતી લોકો Gujǎrātī loko ? Hindi and English are commonly spoken, especially in commerce, education, politics and government. Hindi ( Devanāgarī: hi [[wiktहिन्दी हिन्दी]] or hi [[wiktहिंदी हिंदी]] IAST:, IPA:) is English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States

Jewish Synagogue in Ahmedabad

Ever since its foundation, the city has attracted migrant workers from other areas of Gujarat including Kutch and Saurashtra and from the neighbouring states of Rajasthan and Maharashtra as well as the Pakistani province of Sindh. A synagogue (from Greek: grc συναγωγή transliterated synagogē, "assembly" he בית כנסת beit knesset, "house of Kachchh (also spelled as Kutch) is a District of Gujarat state in western India. Saurashtra (also Soruth and Sorath) is a region of western India, located on the Arabian Sea coast of Gujarat state Rājasthān ( Devanāgarī: राजस्थान raːdʒəst̪ʰaːn is the largest state of the Republic of India in terms of area Maharashtra ( Marathi: mahārāṣṭra, IPA) is a state located on the western coast of India. Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and Sindh ( Sindhī: سنڌ Urdu: سندھ is one of the four provinces of Pakistan and historically is home to the Sindhis. There is a sizeable population of Punjabis, Marathis, Telugu, Tamils, Sindhis, Malayalis and Marwaris, who bring their native language and culture to the city. The Punjabi people ( Punjabi: ਪੰਜਾਬੀ پنجابی also Panjabi people) are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group from South Asia. The Marathi people or Maharashtrians ( Marathi: मराठी माणसं or महाराष्ट्रीय are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group Telugu people refer to the group of peoples who natively speak the Telugu language. Tamil people (also called Tamils or Tamilians) ( are an Ethnic group native to Tamil Nadu, a state in India, and the north-eastern Sindhis ( Sindhi: سنڌي) are a Sindhi speaking socio-ethnic group of people originating in Sindh in Pakistan. The Malayali people (also spelled Malayalee; Malayalam: മലയാളി are the inhabitants of Kerala or their descendants Marwaris are the people from the Marwar region of Rajasthan in India. The military base near the city, and government institutions such as ONGC, bring an influx of people from across India. Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited ( ONGC) (incorporated on June 23, 1993) is an Indian Public sector petroleum company Ahmedabad enjoys great religious diversity. According to the 2001 census, 84. 62% of the people in Ahmedabad are Hindu, 2. 92% Jain, 11. 4% Muslim and 0. 72% Christian. Christianity is India's third-largest religion, with approximately 24 million followers constituting 2 ^[24] The city is home to a major population of Parsis and a community of 300 Bene Israel Jews living in Ahmedabad. The Bene Israel ( Hebrew: "Sons of Israel" are a group of Jews who migrated in the nineteenth century from west Maharashtra to the nearby ^[25] There are 2273 registered NRI's from Ahmedabad. A non-resident Indian (NRI is an Indian citizen who has migrated to another country a person of Indian origin who is born outside India or a person of ^[26] Slightly less than half of all real estate in Ahmedabad is owned by "community organizations" (i. e. cooperatives), and "the spatial growth of the city is to the extent contribution of these organizations. "^[27]

Culture

Main article: Culture of Ahmedabad

Shri Swaminarayan Mandir, Ahmedabad

Ahmedabad enjoys a thriving cultural tradition, being the centre of Gujarati cultural activities and diverse traditions of different ethnic and religious communities. According to the 2001 national census the population of Ahmedabad was declared to be 35 lakhs or 3 Shri Swaminarayan Mandir Ahmedabad ( Devnagari: श्री स्वमिनरयन मन्दिर अह्मादाबाद is the headquarters of the Popular celebrations and observances include Uttarayan — an annual kite-flying day on 14 January. For the kite-flying festival see Makar Sankranti Uttarāyana (उत्तरायन is the six month period between Makar Sankranti A kite is a flying tethered object that depends upon the tension of a tethering system Events 1129 - Formal approval of the Order of the Templar at the Council of Troyes. The nine nights of Navratri are celebrated with people performing Garba — the folk dance of Gujarat — at venues across the city. Navratri ( Sanskrit: नवरात्रि is a Hindu Festival of worship and dance Garba ( Gujarati: ગરબા Garbā) is an Indian form of Dance that originated in the Gujarat region The festival of lights — Deepavali is celebrated with the lighting of lamps in every house, the decorating the floors with the rangoli and the bursting of firecrackers. Diwali, or Deepavali, (also called Tihar and Swanti in Nepal (Markiscarali is a major Indian and Nepalese festival and a significant Rangoli is one of the most popular art forms in India. It is a form of Sandpainting decoration that uses finely ground white powder and colours and is used commonly Other festivals such as Holi, Eid ul-Fitr and Christmas are celebrated with enthusiasm. Holi ( or language|Bhojpuri]] also called the Festival of Colours, is a popular Hindu spring Festival observed in India, Eid ul-Fitr or Id-ul-Fitr (عيد الفطر ‘Īdu l-Fiṭr) often abbreviated to Eid, is a Muslim Holiday that marks the end of The annual Rath Yatra procession on the Ashadh-sud-bij date of the Hindu calendar and the procession of Tajia during the Muslim holy month of Muharram are integral parts of the city's culture. Ratha Yatra is a major Hindu festival associated with Lord Jagannath held at Puri in the state of Orissa, India during The Hindu calendar used in ancient times has undergone many changes in the process of regionalization and today there are several regional Indian Calendars, as Muharram ( Arabic: ar محرم is the first month of the Islamic calendar. The people of Ahmedabad enjoy rich culinary traditions. The most popular form of meal — a typical Gujarati thali (meal) — consists of rotli, dal, rice and Shaak (cooked vegetables, sometimes with curry), with accompaniments of pickles and roasted papads. Roti ( Hindi: रोटी; Dhivehi: ރޮށި; Punjabi: ਰੋਟੀ; Urdu: روٹی; Gujarati: રોટલી; roʈi Dal (also spelled dahl, dhal or daal) ( Devanagari दाल Telugu పప్పు Bangla দ্দাল is a preparation Curry is the English description of any of a general variety of spicy dishes best known in Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Sri Lankan Popular beverages include buttermilk and tea; sweet dishes include laddoos and mango. Buttermilk is a Fermented dairy product produced from Cow's milk with a characteristically sour taste Laddu or Laddoo ( Hindi: लड्डू Urdu: لڈو is an Indian sweet that is often prepared to celebrate festivals or household events such Mangoes belong to the genus Mangifera, consisting of numerous species of tropical fruiting Trees in the Flowering plant family Anacardiaceae There are many restaurants, which serve a wide array of Indian and international cuisines. Most of the food outlets serve only vegetarian food, as a strong tradition of vegetarianism is maintained by the city's Jain and Hindu communities. Vegetarianism is the practice of a diet that excludes Meat (including game and slaughter by-products Fish (including Shellfish and other sea The first all-vegetarian Pizza Hut in the world opened in Ahmedabad. ^[28]

The architectural history of Ahmedabad stretches across the last millennium. The Sultanate fused Hindu craftsmanship with Islamic architecture, giving rise to the Indo-Saracenic style. Islamic architecture has encompassed a wide range of both secular and religious styles from the foundation of Islam to the present day influencing the design and construction Indo-Saracenic (from Saracen, an archaic name for Muslims used by the British also known as Indo-Gothic, was a style of Architecture used by British Many mosques in the city are built in this fashion. A "mosque" in English refers to all types of buildings dedicated for Islamic worship although there is a distinction in Arabic between the smaller privately owned mosque and the larger ^[29] After independence modern buildings came up in Ahmedabad when renowned architects were given commissions in the city like Louis Kahn who designed the Indian Institute of Management; Le Corbusier who designed the Shodhan and Sarabhai Villas, the Sanskar Kendra and the Mill Owner's Association; and Buckminister Fuller who designed the Calico Dome. Louis Isadore Kahn (born Itze-Leib Schmuilowsky) ( February 20, 1901 or 1902 &ndash March 17, 1974) was a world-renowned Charles-Édouard Jeanneret-Gris, who chose to be known as Le Corbusier ( October 6, 1887 – August 27, 1965) was a Swiss Richard Buckminster “Bucky” Fuller ( July 12, 1895 &ndash July 1, 1983) was an American Architect, Author B. V. Doshi came to the city from Paris to supervise Le Corbusier's works and later set up the School of Architecture. Balkrishna Vithaldas Doshi (b 26 August 1927 in Pune, India) is an Indian Architect. Charles-Édouard Jeanneret-Gris, who chose to be known as Le Corbusier ( October 6, 1887 – August 27, 1965) was a Swiss His local masterpieces include Sangath, the Doshi-Hussain Gumpha and the School of Architecture. Charles Correa, who became a partner of Doshi's, designed the Gandhi Ashram and Achut Kanvinde the Indian Textile Industries Research Association. Charles Correa (born in Hyderabad, India on September 1 1930) is an Indian Architect, planner activist theoretician and a fundamental Christopher Charles Benninger's first work, the Alliance Francaise, is located in the Ellis Bridge area. Christopher Charles Benninger is an Indian architect and planner born in America 1942. Hashmuck C. Patel, and his son Dr. Bimal Patel, are renowned architects of the city having designed the St. Xavier's High School Loyola Hall, Gujarat High Court and the Ahmedabad Management Association. St Xavier's High School Loyola Hall is an English - Gujarati medium primary and secondary school located at Navrangpura The Ahmedabad Management Association or AMA is located in Ahmedabad in the state of Gujarat, India. Dr. Bimal Patel recently designed a major addition to Louis Kahn's campus, the Indian Institute of Management.

Traditional clothes called Chania Cholis being sold at Law Garden

Parts of Ahmedabad are known for their speciality of folk art. The Paldi area is famous for shops selling works of embroidery from the Kutch and Saurashtra regions. Kachchh (also spelled as Kutch) is a District of Gujarat state in western India. Saurashtra (also Soruth and Sorath) is a region of western India, located on the Arabian Sea coast of Gujarat state The artisans of Rangeela pol are famous for making bandhinis (tie and dye work), while the cobbler shops of Madhupura sell traditional mojri footwear. A pol (pronounced as pole is a housing cluster which comprises many families of a particular group linked by Caste, profession or religion High-quality idols of Ganesha and other religious icons are made in huge numbers in the Gulbai Tekra area. Ganesha ( Sanskrit: sa गणेश Gaṇeśa) also spelled Ganesa or Ganesh and also known as Ganapati, Vinayaka, and Pillaiyar The shops at the Law Garden are famous for their mirror work handicraft. Law Garden is a public garden in the city of Ahmedabad, India. Victorian architecture is showcased in most college, railway station and government buildings, mainly constructed during the colonial period. The term Victorian architecture can refer to one of a number of Architectural styles predominantly employed during the Victorian era.

Many Gujarati intellectuals migrated to Ahmedabad due to its prosperity. Three main literary institutions were established in Ahmedabad for the promotion of Gujarati literature — Gujarat Vidhya Sabha, Gujarati Sahitya Parishad and Gujarat Sahitya Sabha. Gujarati is an Indian language spoken in the state of Gujarat. Gujarat Vidhya Sabha, originally called The Gujarat Vernacular Society is a literary institution for the promotion of Gujarati literature located in the city of Gujarati Sahitya Parishad (Gujarati Literary Council is a literary institution for the promotion of Gujarati literature located in the city of Ahmedabad, India Gujarat Sahitya Sabha, originally called the Social and Literary Association is a literary institution for the promotion of Gujarati literature located in the city Musicians and instrumentalists from across the world come to perform at the popular classical music festival held each 1 January by the Saptak School of Music. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC The Saptak School of Music is a major institution in Ahmedabad, India, imparting classical music and performing arts education The Sanskar Kendra — one of the many buildings in Ahmedabad designed by Le Corbusier — is a city museum depicting history, art, culture and architecture of Ahmedabad. Sanskar Kendra is a museum located in the city of Ahmedabad in India. Charles-Édouard Jeanneret-Gris, who chose to be known as Le Corbusier ( October 6, 1887 – August 27, 1965) was a Swiss The Gandhi Smarak Sangrahalaya and the Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Memorial have a permanent display of photographs, documents and other articles of Mahatma Gandhi and Sardar Patel. The Gandhi Smarak Sangrahalaya ( Gandhi Memorial Institution) is a Museum and public service institution dedicated to preserve the work and memory and commemorate the The Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Memorial is a museum and exhibition centre dedicated to Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, an Indian independence activist and political Vallabhbhai Patel (વલ્લભભાઈ પટેલ IPA:) (31 October 1875 – 15 December 1950 was a political and social leader of India who played The Calico Museum of Textiles has a large collection of Indian and international fabrics, garments and textiles. The Calico Museum of Textiles is located in the city of Ahmedabad in the state of Gujarat in western India. Ahmedabad maintains a strong popular literary tradition in large public libraries maintained by the literary societies, research and government institutions and colleges. The Hazrat Pir Mohammad Shah Library has a collection of rare original manuscripts in Arabic, Persian, Urdu, Sindhi and Turkish languages. The Hazrat Pir Mohammed Shah Library is located in Ahmedabad, in the state of Gujarat, India. Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language Urdu ( ur '''{{Nastaliq اردو}}''' trans Urdū, historically spelled Ordu) is a Central Indo-Aryan language Urdu is a standardised Sindhi ( Arabic script: سنڌي Devanagari script: सिन्धी Sindhī) is the language of the Sindh region of South Asia Turkish ( tr Türkçe IPA) is a language spoken by over 63 million people worldwide making it the most commonly spoken of the Turkic languages. ^[30]

Sports

Cricket stadium at the Sports Club of Gujarat

Cricket is the most popular sport in the city. Cricket is the unofficial national sport of India, and its development has been closely tied up with the history of the country mirroring many of the political Both one-day internationals and test matches are played at the Sardar Patel Stadium. Note Most of the information here pertains to men's cricket ODI matches are also played in Women's cricket. Test cricket is the longest form of the Sport of Cricket. It has long been considered the ultimate test of playing ability between cricketing nations The stadium has frequently served as venue for matches during major tournaments such as the 1987 Cricket World Cup, the 1996 Cricket World Cup and the 2006 ICC Champions Trophy. The 1987 Cricket World Cup (aka Reliance World Cup) was the fourth edition of the tournament The 1996 Cricket World Cup (aka Wills World Cup was won by Sri Lanka who beat Australia by 7 wickets at the final in Lahore. The 2006 ICC Champions Trophy was a One Day International Cricket tournament held in India from 7 October to 5 November 2006 Ahmedabad has a second cricket stadium at the Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation's Sports Club of Gujarat, which, as the home ground of the Gujarat cricket team is the venue for domestic tournaments such as the Ranji Trophy, the Duleep Trophy and many inter-school and collegiate tournaments. The Sports Club of Gujarat is a sports complex and stadium owned and managed by a private society The Gujarat cricket team is one of three Ranji Trophy cricket teams representing the state of Gujarat (the other two being the Baroda cricket team and Saurashtra The Ranji Trophy is a domestic First-class cricket championship played in India between different city and state sides equivalent to the County Championship The Duleep Trophy is a domestic First-class cricket competition played in India between teams representing geographical zones of India Even though other sports are overshadowed by cricket's popularity, field hockey, badminton, tennis, and squash are gaining popularity at collegiate levels. Field hockey is a Team sport in which players attempt to score goals by hitting the Ball across the pitch with a stick Badminton is a racquet sport played by either two opposing players (singles or two opposing pairs (doubles who take positions on opposite halves of a rectangular court Tennis is a sport played between two players ( singles) or between two teams of two players each ( doubles) Squash is a racquet sport that was formerly called squash racquets, a reference to the "squashable" soft ball used in the game (compared with the There has been a significant increase in recent years in the number of private sports clubs, gymkhanas, gymnasiums and sports teams sponsored by corporations, private associations, schools and colleges. Gymkhana (derived from the Hindustani word for "racket court" is an Indian term which originally referred to a place where sporting events take place Young people congregate in the evenings to play cricket and football at numerous public and neighbourhood grounds. Geet Sethi, a five-time winner of the World Professional Billiards Championship and a recipient of India's highest sporting award, the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna, hails from Ahmedabad. Geet Siriram Sethi (born April 17, 1961) of India is a semi-professional player of English billiards who dominated the sport throughout The World Professional Billiards Championship is an international Cue sports tournament in the discipline of English billiards. The Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna ( RGKR) is India ’s highest honour given for achievement in sports Ahmedabad has produced cricketers such as Jasu Patel and Parthiv Patel who have been members of the Indian cricket team. Jasubhai Motibhai Patel (born November 26, 1924, Ahmedabad, Gujarat - died December 12, 1992, Ahmedabad) was an Parthiv Ajay Patel (born 9 March 1985 in Ahmedabad, Gujarat) is an Indian Cricketer Wicketkeeper - Batsman, and former member The Indian cricket team is an international Cricket team representing India. ^[31][32] Tejas Bakre, a chess grandmaster, also hails from Ahmedabad. The title Grandmaster is awarded to extremely strong Chess masters by the world chess organization FIDE. ^[33][34]

Transport

Bridge in Ahmedabad

Ahmedabad is one of the six operating divisions of the Western Railway. The Western Railway is one of the 16 zones of Indian Railways, and is among the busiest Railway networks in India. Railway lines connect the city to all towns in Gujarat, and to major cities in the rest of India. The Ahmedabad Railway Station and the Maninagar Railway Station are the main terminals for the city. The Maninagar Railway Station is a major railway station in Ahmedabad, India. The Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport provides for both domestic and international aviation for the city and the neighbouring cities of Gandhinagar, Mehsana and Nadiad. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport is India 's seventh busiest airport with an average of 150 aircraft movements a day Gandhinagar ( Gujarati: ગાંધીનગર Hindi: गाँधीनगर is the capital of Gujarat State India. WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Mahesana is a city and a Municipality in Mehsana district in the Indian state WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Nadiad ( Gujarati:નડીયાદ Hindi:नडीयाद is a city and an administrative The airport also connects the city with destinations across India and the world.

National Highway 8, linking Delhi to Mumbai, passes though Ahmedabad. National Highway 8 is the major commercial artery that connects Mumbai with New Delhi. Delhi (दिल्ली ਦਿੱਲੀ دلی d̪ɪlːiː sometimes referred to as Dilli) is the second largest metropolis of India, with a population Mumbai ( Marathi:,, IPA: formerly Bombay, is the capital of the Indian state of Maharashtra and the financial Ahmedabad is connected to Vadodara through National Expressway 1, a 94 km (58 mi) long highway with only two exits. The Ahmedabad-Vadodara Highway is a major artery of public transport connecting the cities of Ahmedabad and Vadodara, also known as Baroda in the state This expressway is part of the Golden Quadrilateral project. The Golden Quadrilateral (GQ is the largest Express highway project in India launched by former prime minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee. ^[35] Ahmedabad is directly connected by highways to Bhavnagar, Nadiad, Mehsana, Surendranagar, Bhuj, Rajkot and Gandhinagar. Bhavnagar (ભાવનગર भावनगर) is a city in the Indian state of Gujarat. Surendranagar situated between 22º 43'N Latitude and 71º 43'E Longitude can be rightly termed as gateway to Saurashtra WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Bhuj (gu ભુજ is a city and a Municipality in Kachchh district in the state of Gujarat Rajkot (રાજકોટ राजकोट Rājkot) is the 4th largest city in the state of Gujarat, India.

S. G. Highway

The city's main traffic arteries are the Mahatma Gandhi Road, C. G. Road, the Jawaharlal Nehru Road, the Ashram Road and the Sarkhej-Gandhinagar highway (S. G. Highway). Auto rickshaws, share autos and buses are the most popular forms of public transport. An auto rickshaw or tuk tuk ( auto autorick or rickshaw in popular parlance is a Motor vehicle that is one of the chief An auto rickshaw or tuk tuk ( auto autorick or rickshaw in popular parlance is a Motor vehicle that is one of the chief The Ahmedabad Municipal Transport Service (AMTS) runs the local bus service in the city. Ahmedabad Municipal Transport Service or AMTS runs the public Bus service in the city of Ahmedabad in India. In 2005, AMTS began a drive to convert all of its petrol and diesel engine buses to run on compressed natural gas engines to reduce the effects of air pollution. Compressed Natural Gas (CNG is a Fossil fuel substitute for Gasoline (petrol Diesel, or Propane Fuel. AMTS runs 750 buses. ^[36] Bicycles and motorcycles are a popular medium of transport with the city's young people and students. A bus rapid transport (BRTS) project has been launched by the Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation. Bus rapid transit ( BRT) is a broad term given to a variety of transportation systems that through improvements to infrastructure vehicles and scheduling attempt to use The first phase of the project was expected to be over by September 2007. But its delayed and now its expected to be completed by August 2008. ^[37]

Education

Main article: Education in Ahmedabad

The Gujarat University clock tower in Ahmedabad

Schools in Ahmedabad are run either by the municipal corporation, or privately by entities, trusts and corporations. in Ahmedabad are run either by the AMC or privately by individuals and trusts Most schools are affiliated with the Gujarat Secondary and Higher Secondary Education Board. The Gujarat Secondary and Higher Secondary Education Board or GSEB is a government of Gujarat body responsible for determining the policy-related administrative cognitive A few schools are affiliated to the Central Board for Secondary Education and International Baccalaureate . The International Baccalaureate (IB Diploma Programme (DP is an Educational programme examined in one of three languages ( English, French or Spanish A large number of colleges in the city are affiliated with Gujarat University. The Gujarat University is the statewide institution affiliating many reputed colleges across the state of Gujarat, India. Other deemed universities in Ahmedabad include the Nirma University of Science & Technology and the Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Open University. Deemed university is a status of autonomy granted to high performing institutes and departments of various universities in India. Nirma University of Science & Technology is a deemed university located in Ahmedabad, India. Profile The Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar Open University is a public institution of higher learning in Ahmedabad, Gujrat, India. ^[38] The prestigious Gujarat Vidyapith was established in 1920 by Mahatma Gandhi; it was among the first institutions of higher learning managed entirely by Indians, despite British control. The Gujarat Vidyapith is a major University located in Ahmedabad, in the state of Gujarat in India. Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi ( Gujarati: મોહનદાસ કરમચંદ ગાંધી moɦən̪d̪äs kəɾəmʧən̪d̪ gän̪d̪ʱi (2 October 1869 – 30 January

Prestigious institutions such as the Indian Institute of Management, the National Institute of Design, the Mudra Institute of Communications, the National Institute of Fashion Technology, the Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India, and the Center for Environmental Planning and Technology are located in Ahmedabad. The Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad (IIM Ahmedabad also known as IIMA is considered to be the premier institute of management education in India The article for the postgraduate campus can be found at National Institute of Design Gandhinagar The National Institute of Design (राष्ट्रीय Mudra Institute of Communications Ahmedabad (MICA is an academic institution for professional Communications management skills in India. National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT Delhi was established in 1986 under the Ministry of Textiles Government of India. The Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India ( EDI or EDII) is a Non-profit organisation dedicated to promote Entrepreneurship that is Centre for Environmental Planning and Technology (CEPT is an academic institution offering undergraduate postgraduate and doctorate programmes in areas of the built environment and Many national academic and scientific institutions, such as the Physical Research Laboratory and the Space Applications Centre of the Indian Space Research Organisation, were established in the 1960s largely through the efforts of prominent astrophysicist and industrialist Vikram Sarabhai. The Physical Research Laboratory is a national Indian centre for research in space and allied sciences supported mainly by Department of Space. The Space Applications Centre is an institution of research in Ahmedabad, India under the aegis of the Indian Space Research Organization. Vikram Ambalal Sarabhai ( August 12, 1919 – December 31, 1971) was an Indian Physicist. ^[39] The Ahmedabad Management Association is a notable institution established to impart management training and experience to young students and professionals. The Ahmedabad Management Association or AMA is located in Ahmedabad in the state of Gujarat, India. A satellite campus of the Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay is located at the Vishwakarma Engineering College campus in Chandkheda. A satellite campus is a Campus of a College or University that is physically detached from the main university or college area The Indian Institute of Technology Bombay ( Marathi / Hindi: भारतीय प्रौद्योगिकी संस्थान मुंबई popularly WikipediaWikiProject Indian cities for details --> Chandkheda is a city and a Municipality in Gandhinagar district in the state of Gujarat The campus was opened with a plan to offer 100 courses in various technical disciplines. ^[40]

Media

Broadcasting tower of the All India Radio, Ahmedabad

Ahmedabad has a number of newspaper publications. English-language dailies published and sold in the city include, The Times of India, Ahmedabad Mirror, Indian Express, DNA, Economic Times(in Gujarati & English language, Indian Express, Financial Express, Divya Bhaskar, Gujarat Samachar, Sandesh, Rajasthan Patrika, Sambhav,Metro(noon newspaper)& many more. The Times of India ( TOI) is a leading English-language Broadsheet Daily newspaper in India. For bi-furicated southern edition see The New Indian Express The Indian Express is an Indian newspaper owned by Ramnath Goenka Deoxyribonucleic acid ( DNA) is a Nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known The Economic Times, launched in 1961 is India's largest financial daily and the world's second largest financial daily after The Wall Street Journal, English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States For bi-furicated southern edition see The New Indian Express The Indian Express is an Indian newspaper owned by Ramnath Goenka The Financial Express is a daily newspaper published by the Indian Express group since 1961 Divya Bhaskar is a Gujarati newspaper in Gujarat, India. It is the best and the most read newspaper in Gujarat Gujarat Samachar is the Leading daily newspaper in Gujarat It is published in Gujarati and its main office is in Ahmedabad. Rajasthan Patrika is a Hindi language daily Newspaper published from Jaipur, Jodhpur, Udaipur, Kota and other cities of A rapid transit, underground, subway, elevated railway or metro(politan system is an electric passenger railway

A large number of magazines, periodicals and journals are regularly published and circulated across the city. The city is home to the historic Navajivan Publishing House — founded in 1919 by Mahatma Gandhi — which is one of India's premier publications company. Navajivan Trust is a Publishing house based out of Ahmedabad, India. The Gujarat film and television industry has a small but significant presence in the city. The Indian film industry is the largest in the world in terms of ticket sales and number of films produced annually (877 feature films and 1177 short films were released in the year 2003 Television in India is a huge industry and has thousands of programmes in all the states of India

The city has seven local FM stations at Radio Mirchi (98. Radio Mirchi is a nationwide network of private FM radio stations in India. 3 MHz), Radio City (91. The hertz (symbol Hz) is a measure of Frequency, informally defined as the number of events occurring per Second. 1 MHz), My fm (94. The hertz (symbol Hz) is a measure of Frequency, informally defined as the number of events occurring per Second. 3 MHz), Radio One (95. The hertz (symbol Hz) is a measure of Frequency, informally defined as the number of events occurring per Second. 0 MHz), Gyan Vaani (104. The hertz (symbol Hz) is a measure of Frequency, informally defined as the number of events occurring per Second. 5 MHz), All India Radio (96. The hertz (symbol Hz) is a measure of Frequency, informally defined as the number of events occurring per Second. All India Radio (abbreviated as AIR) officially known as Akashvani ( Devanagari: आकाशवाणी ākāshavānī ( Urdu: اکاشوانی 7 MHz),S FM (93. 51 MHz). The hertz (symbol Hz) is a measure of Frequency, informally defined as the number of events occurring per Second.

All India Radio is broadcast on the AM band. Amplitude modulation ( AM) is a technique used in electronic communication most commonly for transmitting information via a Radio Carrier wave ^[41] Satellite radio was launched in the city by WorldSpace in 2005. A satellite radio or subscription radio (SR is a Digital radio signal that is broadcast by a Communications satellite, which covers a much wider geographical ^[42] Households receive television through two main cable networks, InCablenet and Siti Cable, while DTH has little popularity in Ahmedabad. InCablenet is one of the largest cable broadcasting companies in India that provides cable television internet and telecommunications services for major cities such as Siti Cable is a major cable broadcasting and telecommunications company in India, which provides cable television cell phone and internet services in major cities such as A satellite dish is a type of Parabolic antenna that receives or transmits electromagnetic signals to and from another location typically a satellite A network of optical fibre cables connects almost the entire city. An optical fiber (or fibre) is a Glass or Plastic fiber that carries Light along its length The city's telephone services are provided by landline and mobile operators like BSNL, Reliance Infocomm, Airtel, Vodafone,Idea and Tata Indicom. Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (known as BSNL, India Communications Corporation Limited) is a Public sector communications company Reliance Communications (formerly Reliance Infocomm) along with Reliance Telecom and Flag Telecom, is part of Reliance Communications Ventures (RCoVL Bharti Airtel, formerly known as Bharti Tele-Ventures Limited (BTVL is India 's largest cellular service provider with more than 75 million subscribers as of August Vodafone is a Mobile network operator headquartered in Berkshire, England, UK. An idea is a form (such as a Thought) formed by Consciousness (including Mind) through the Process of ideation. Introduction Tata Teleservices Limited (TTSL is a part of the Tata Group of companies an Indian conglomerate Broadband Internet services are provided in most parts of the city by the telecom companies. Broadband Internet access, often shortened to just Broadband, is high-speed Internet access—typically contrasted with dial-up access over a Modem

References

Further reading

External links

• Ahmedabad travel guide from Wikitravel
• Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation
• Ahemdabad Collectorate
• Ahmedabad at Wikimapia
• Ahmedabad Ahmedabad Urban Development Authority