Acanthaceae
Flowers of Odontonema cuspidatum
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae Division: Magnoliophyta Class: Magnoliopsida Order: Lamiales Family: Acanthaceae Juss.
Type genus
Acanthus L.
Genera
See text. Plants are living Organisms belonging to the kingdom Plantae. The flowering plants or angiosperms ( Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta) are the most widespread group Magnoliopsida is the Botanical name for a class of Flowering plants By definition the class will include the family Magnoliaceae, but its The order Lamiales is a Taxon in the asterid group of dicotyledonous Flowering plants. Antoine Laurent de Jussieu ( April 12, 1748 - September 17, 1836) was a French Botanist, notable as the first to propose In biology a type is that which fixes a name to a Taxon. Depending on the nomenclature code which is applied to the organism in question a type may be a specimen Acanthus is a Genus of about 30 species of Flowering plants in the family Acanthaceae, native to tropical and warm temperate regions of the Carl Linnaeus (Latinized as Carolus Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as, May 23 new style (13 May old style 1707 who laid the foundations for A genus (plural genera from Γένος Latin genus "descent family type gender" is a low-level Taxonomic

The family Acanthaceae (or Acanthus family) is a taxon of dicotyledonous flowering plants containing almost 250 genera and about 2500 species. Dicotyledons, or "dicots", is a name for a group of Flowering plants whose Seed typically has two embryonic leaves or Cotyledons There The flowering plants or angiosperms ( Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta) are the most widespread group

Most are tropical herbs, shrubs, or twining vines; some are epiphytes. The Tropics are centered on the Equator and limited in Latitude by the Tropic of Cancer in the northern hemisphere at approximately 23°26' (23 A(n herb (ˈhɝb or /ˈɝb/ see pronunciation differences) is a plant that is valued for qualities such as medicinal properties flavor scent or the like An epiphyte is an organism that grows upon or attaches to a living plant Only a few species are distributed in temperate regions. The four main centres of distribution are Indonesia and Malaysia, Africa, Brasil and Central America. The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and |utc_offset = -2 to -4 |time_zone_DST = BRST |utc_offset_DST = -2 to -5 |cctld The representatives of the family can be found in nearly every habitat, including dense or open forests, in scrublands, on wet fields and valleys, at the sea coast and in marine areas, and in swamps and as an element of mangrove woods. A habitat (which is Latin for "it inhabits" is an Ecological or environmental area that is inhabited by a particular Species. A forest is an area with a high density of Trees There are many definitions of a forest based on various criteria Scrubland is a Plant community characterized by scrub Vegetation. A swamp is a Wetland featuring temporary or permanent inundation of large areas of land by shallow bodies of water Mangroves (generally are Trees and Shrubs that grow in saline coastal habitats in the Tropics and Subtropics.

Plants in this family have simple, opposite, decussate leaves with entire (or sometimes toothed, lobed, or spiny) margins, and without stipules. Justicia umbrosa ( Brazilian plume, Yellow Jacobinia; syn Adhatoda umbrosa Ness, and Justicia aurea In Botany, a leaf is an above-ground Plant organ specialized for Photosynthesis. The leaves may contain cystoliths, or calcium carbonate concretions, seen as streaks on the surface. The flowers are perfect, zygomorphic to nearly actinomorphic, these arranged in an inflorescence that is either a spike, raceme, or cyme. A flower, also known as a bloom or Blossom, is the reproductive structure found in Flowering plants (plants of the division Magnoliophyta, also An inflorescence is a group or cluster of Flowers arranged on a stem that is composed of a main Branch or a complicated arrangement of branches A raceme is a type of Inflorescence that is unbranched and indeterminate and bears pedicellate Flowers &mdash flowers having short A raceme is a type of Inflorescence that is unbranched and indeterminate and bears pedicellate Flowers &mdash flowers having short Typically there is a colorful bract subtending each flower; in some species the bract is large and showy. The calyx is usually 4-5 lobed; the corolla tubular, 2-lipped or 5-lobed; stamens either 2 or 4 arranged in pairs and inserted on the corolla; and the ovary superior, 2-carpellate, with axile placentation. The stamen ( Plural stamina or stamens, from Latin stamen meaning "thread of the warp " is the male A gynoecium (from Ancient Greek gyne, "woman" is the Female reproductive part of a Flower. The fruit is a two-celled capsule, dehiscing somewhat explosively. The term fruit has different meanings dependent on context and the term is not synonymous in Food preparation and Biology. In Botany a capsule is a type of simple dry Fruit produced by many species of Flowering plants A capsule is a dehiscent structure composed of two In most species, the seeds are attached to a small, hooked stalk (a modified funiculus called a jaculator) that ejects them from the capsule. A seed (in some plants referred to as a kernel) is a small embryonic Plant enclosed in a covering called the seed coat usually with some stored

A species well-known to temperate gardeners is Acanthus mollis or Bear's breeches, a herbaceous perennial plant with big leaves and flower spikes up to 2 m tall. Acanthus is a Genus of about 30 species of Flowering plants in the family Acanthaceae, native to tropical and warm temperate regions of the Tropical genera familiar to gardeners include Thunbergia and Justicia. Thunbergia is a Genus of Flowering plants in the Family Acanthaceae, native to tropical regions of Africa, Madagascar Justicia ( syn Acelica Adhatoda Amphiscopia Anisostachya Aulojusticia Averia Beloperone Calliaspidia Calymmostachya Chaetothylopsis Chiloglossa

Avicennia, usually placed in Verbenaceae or in its own family, Avicenniaceae, is included in Acanthaceae by the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group on the basis of molecular phylogenetic studies that show it to be associated with this family. Avicennia is a Genus of Mangrove Tree. As with other mangroves it occurs in the intertidal zones of estuarine areas and has the characteristic The verbena family or vervain vamily, Verbenaceae, is a family of mainly Tropical Plants They are Trees Shrubs Avicennia is a Genus of Mangrove Tree. As with other mangroves it occurs in the intertidal zones of estuarine areas and has the characteristic The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, or APG, refers to two international groups of systematic botanists who came together to try to establish a consensus view of the

Contents 1 Selected genera 2 Photo Gallery 3 References 4 External links

Selected genera

There are 246 accepted genera according to Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Germplasm Resources Information Network or GRIN is an online software project of National Genetic Resources Program of USDA to provide germplasm information

Acanthopale C. UserPolbot. --> Acanthopale is a genus of Plant in family Acanthaceae. B. Clarke Acanthopsis Harv. Acanthostelma Bidgood & Brummitt Acanthura Lindau Acanthus L. Acanthus is a Genus of about 30 species of Flowering plants in the family Acanthaceae, native to tropical and warm temperate regions of the (Bear's Breech) Achyrocalyx Benoist Adhatoda Mill. Justicia ( syn Acelica Adhatoda Amphiscopia Anisostachya Aulojusticia Averia Beloperone Calliaspidia Calymmostachya Chaetothylopsis Chiloglossa (sometimes included in Justicia) Afrofittonia Lindau Ambongia Benoist Ancistranthus Lindau (Desert Honeysuckle) Ancistrostylis T. UserPolbot. --> Afrofittonia is a genus of Plant in family Acanthaceae. Yamaz. Andrographis Wall. Andrographis paniculata is a Herbaceous plant in the family Acanthaceae, native to India and Sri Lanka. ex Nees (False Waterwillow) Angkalanthus Balf. UserPolbot. --> Angkalanthus is a genus of Plant in the Acanthaceae family f. Anisacanthus Nees Anisosepalum E. Anisacanthus is a genus of plants in the family Acanthaceae native to tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas, and sometimes cultivated for Hossain Anisostachya Nees (sometimes included in Justicia) Anisotes Nees Anomacanthus R. Justicia ( syn Acelica Adhatoda Amphiscopia Anisostachya Aulojusticia Averia Beloperone Calliaspidia Calymmostachya Chaetothylopsis Chiloglossa UserPolbot. --> Anisotes is a genus of Plant in family Acanthaceae. D. Good Apassalus Kobuski Aphanosperma T. F. Daniel Aphelandra R. Br. Aphelandrella Mildbr. Ascotheca Heine Asystasia Blume Asystasiella Lindau Ballochia Balf. The Genus Asystasia belongs to the family Acanthaceae and comprises approximately 70 species found in the tropics including the Weedy species UserPolbot. --> Ballochia is a genus of Plant in family Acanthaceae. f. Barleria L. Barleria is a genus of plants in the family Acanthaceae. Some species include B (Bush violets) Barleriola Oerst. Benoicanthus Heine & A. Raynal Blechum P. Browne Blepharis Juss. UserPolbot. --> Blepharis is a genus of Plant in family Acanthaceae. Borneacanthus Bremek. Boutonia DC. Cordemoya integrifolia is a Plant Species of the family Euphorbiaceae and the sole species of the Genus Brachystephanus Nees Bravaisia DC. UserPolbot. --> Brachystephanus is a genus of Plant in family Acanthaceae. Brillantaisia P. UserPolbot. --> Brillantaisia is a genus of Plant in family Acanthaceae. Beauv. Calacanthus T. Anderson ex Benth. & Hook. f. Calophanoides (C. B. Clarke) Ridl. (sometimes included in Justicia) Calycacanthus K. Schum. Camarotea Scott-Elliot Carlowrightia A. UserPolbot. --> Carlowrightia is a genus of Plant in family Acanthaceae. Gray (Wrightwort) Celerina Benoist Cephalacanthus Lindau Chaetacanthus Nees Chalarothyrsus Lindau Chamaeranthemum Nees Championella Bremek. Chileranthemum Oerst. Chlamydacanthus Lindau (sometimes included in Theileamea) Chlamydocardia Lindau Chlamydostachya Mildbr. Chroesthes Benoist Clinacanthus Nees Clistax Mart. Codonacanthus Nees Conocalyx Benoist Corymbostachys Lindau Cosmianthemum Bremek. Crabbea Harv. Crossandra Salisb. Crossandrella C. B. Clarke Cyclacanthus S. Moore Cylindrosolenium Lindau Cyphacanthus Leonard Dactylostegium Nees (sometimes included in Dicliptera) Danguya Benoist Dasytropis Urb. Dichazothece Lindau Dicladanthera F. Muell. Dicliptera Juss. Dicliptera is a genus of plants in the family Acanthaceae. Dactylostegium is sometimes included herein (Foldwing) Didyplosandra Wight ex Bremek. Dipteracanthus Nees (sometimes included in Ruellia) Dischistocalyx T. Ruellia is a genus of plant Anderson ex Benth. & Hook. f. Dolichostachys Benoist Drejera Nees Drejerella Lindau (sometimes included in Justicia) Duosperma Dayton Dyschoriste Nees (Snakeherb) Ecbolium Kurz Echinacanthus Nees Elytraria Michx. Justicia ( syn Acelica Adhatoda Amphiscopia Anisostachya Aulojusticia Averia Beloperone Calliaspidia Calymmostachya Chaetothylopsis Chiloglossa (Scalystem) Encephalosphaera Lindau Epiclastopelma Lindau Eranthemum L. Eremomastax Lindau Eusiphon Benoist Filetia Miq. Fittonia Coem. A garden plant of family Acanthaceae notable for its dark green foliage commonly called "Nerve Plant" or "Mosaic Plant". Forcipella Baill. Forsythiopsis Baker (sometimes included in Oplonia) Geissomeria Lindl. Geissomeria is a genus of plants in the family Acanthaceae. Selected species Geissomeria ciliata Rizzini Glossochilus Nees Golaea Chiov. Graphandra J. B. Imlay Graptophyllum Nees Gymnophragma Lindau Gymnostachyum Nees Gynocraterium Bremek. Graptophyllum is a genus of plants in the family Acanthaceae. UserPolbot. --> Gymnostachyum is a genus of Plant in family Acanthaceae. Gypsacanthus E. J. Lott et al. Haplanthodes Kuntze Harpochilus Nees Hemiadelphis Nees Hemigraphis Nees (sometimes included in Strobilanthes) Henrya Nees Herpetacanthus Nees Heteradelphia Lindau Holographis Nees Hoverdenia Nees Hulemacanthus S. Hemigraphis is a genus of plants in the family Acanthaceae, consisting of about 30 species native to tropical Asia. Moore Hygrophila R. Hygrophila, commonly known as the temple plants or hygros, is a genus of flowering plants in the family Acanthaceae. Br. (Swampweed) Hypoestes Sol. Hypoestes, commonly called Polka Dot plant is a Tropical Plant native to Madagascar. ex R. Br. Ionacanthus Benoist Isoglossa Oerst. UserPolbot. --> Isoglossa is a genus of Plant in family Acanthaceae. Isotheca Turrill Jadunia Lindau Juruasia Lindau Justicia L. Justicia ( syn Acelica Adhatoda Amphiscopia Anisostachya Aulojusticia Averia Beloperone Calliaspidia Calymmostachya Chaetothylopsis Chiloglossa (Justica, Water-willow, Shrimp plant) Kalbreyeriella Lindau Kosmosiphon Lindau Kudoacanthus Hosok. UserPolbot. --> Kudoacanthus is a genus of Plant in family Acanthaceae. Lankesteria Lindl. Lasiocladus Bojer ex Nees Leandriella Benoist

Lepidagathis Willd. Lepidagathis is a genus of plants in the family Acanthaceae. Selected species Lepidagathis riedeliana Leptostachya Nees Liberatia Rizzini (sometimes included in Lophostachys) Linariantha B. L. Burtt & R. M. Sm. Lophostachys Pohl Louteridium S. Lophostachys is a genus of plants in the family Acanthaceae. Selected species Lophostachys cyanea Watson Lychniothyrsus Lindau Marcania J. B. Imlay Megalochlamys Lindau Megalostoma Leonard Megaskepasma Lindau Melittacanthus S. Moore Mellera S. Moore Mendoncia Vand. Mendoncia is a genus of climbing plants in the family Acanthaceae. Metarungia Baden Mexacanthus T. F. Daniel Meyenia Nees Mimulopsis Schweinf. "Meyenia" redirects here Meyenia Schltdl is a synonym of Cestus. Mimulopsis is a genus in the flowering plant family Acanthaceae with about 30 species native to tropical Africa and Madagascar. Mirandea Rzed. Monechma Hochst. UserPolbot. --> Monechma is a genus of Plant in family Acanthaceae. (sometimes included in Justicia) Monothecium Hochst. Morsacanthus Rizzini Nelsonia R. UserPolbot. --> Nelsonia is a genus of Rodent in the Cricetidae family found in Mexico. Br. Neohallia Hemsl. Neriacanthus Benth. UserPolbot. --> Neriacanthus is a genus of Plant in family Acanthaceae. Neuracanthus Nees Odontonema Nees (Toothedthread) Ophiorrhiziphyllon Kurz Oplonia Raf. UserPolbot. --> Neuracanthus is a genus of Plant in family Acanthaceae. UserPolbot. --> Odontonema is a genus of Plant in family Acanthaceae. Oreacanthus Benth. Orophochilus Lindau Pachystachys Nees Pelecostemon Leonard Pentstemonacanthus Nees Perenideboles Ram. (Goyena) Pericalypta Benoist Periestes Baill. Peristrophe Nees Petalidium Nees Phaulopsis Willd. Peristrophe is a genus of between 15–40 species of Flowering plants in the family Acanthaceae, native to warm temperate to tropical regions of Phialacanthus Benth. Phidiasia Urb. Phlogacanthus Nees Physacanthus Benth. Podorungia Baill. Poikilacanthus Lindau Polylychnis Bremek. Poikilacanthus is a genus of plants in the family Acanthaceae. Populina Baill. Pranceacanthus Wassh. Pseuderanthemum Radlk. Pseuderanthemum is a genus of Plant in family Acanthaceae. Pseudocalyx Radlk. Pseudodicliptera Benoist Pseudoruellia Benoist Psilanthele Lindau Ptyssiglottis T. UserPolbot. --> Psilanthele is a genus of Plant in family Acanthaceae. Anderson Pulchranthus V. M. Baum et al. Pupilla Rizzini (sometimes included in Justicia) Razisea Oerst. Pupilla is a genus of land gastropods from family Pupillidae. Rhinacanthus Nees Rhombochlamys Lindau Ritonia Benoist Rostellularia Rchb. UserPolbot. --> Rhinacanthus is a genus of Plant in family Acanthaceae. (sometimes included in Justicia) Ruellia L. Ruellia is a genus of plant (Wild Petunia) Ruelliopsis C. B. Clarke Rungia Nees Ruspolia Lindau Ruttya Harv. Ruttya is a Genus of Plants in the family Acanthaceae. It includes the following species Ruttya bernieri Saintpauliopsis Staner (sometimes included in Staurogyne) Salpinctium T. J. Edwards Salpixantha Hook. Samuelssonia Urb. & Ekman Sanchezia Ruiz & Pav. Sanchezia is a Genus of the Plant family Acanthaceae estimated at about 20 to 50 species Santapaua N. P. Balakr. & Subr. (sometimes included in Hygrophila) Sapphoa Urb. Satanocrater Schweinf. Sautiera Decne. Schaueria Nees Schwabea Endl. & Fenzl Sclerochiton Harv. UserPolbot. --> Sclerochiton is a genus of Plant in family Acanthaceae. Sebastiano-schaueria Nees Sericospora Nees Siphonoglossa Oerst. (Tubetongue) Spathacanthus Baill. UserPolbot. --> Spathacanthus is a genus of Plant in family Acanthaceae. Sphacanthus Benoist Sphinctacanthus Benth. Spirostigma Nees Standleyacanthus Leonard Staurogyne Wall. Staurogyne ( syn Ebermaiera Nees) is a genus of plants in the family Acanthaceae. Steirosanchezia Lindau Stenandriopsis S. Moore Stenandrium Nees (Shaggytuft) Stenostephanus Nees Streblacanthus Kuntze Streptosiphon Mildbr. Gerardia L ( syn Stenandrium Nees) is a genus of Flowering plants in the family Acanthaceae. Stenostephanus is a genus of Plant in family Acanthaceae. Selected species Stenostephanus asplundii Strobilanthes Blume Strobilanthopsis S. Strobilanthes is a genus of about 250 species of Flowering plants in the family Acanthaceae, mostly native to tropical Asia, but with a few Moore Styasasia S. Moore Suessenguthia Merxm. Suessenguthia is a Genus of the Acanthaceae plant family comprising six species of Shrubs with showy tubular flowers arranged in few-flowered Synchoriste Baill. Taeniandra Bremek. Tarphochlamys Bremek. Teliostachya Nees Tessmanniacanthus Mildbr. Tetramerium Nees Theileamea Baill. Thomandersia Baill. Thomandersiaceae is an African family of Flowering plants consisting of only one genus Thomandersia of Shrubs and small Trees also placed within its own family Thomandersiaceae by Wortley et al. Thomandersiaceae is an African family of Flowering plants consisting of only one genus Thomandersia of Shrubs and small Trees 2007 [1] Thunbergia Retz. Thunbergia is a Genus of Flowering plants in the Family Acanthaceae, native to tropical regions of Africa, Madagascar Thysanostigma J. B. Imlay Tremacanthus S. Moore Triaenanthus Nees Trichanthera Kunth Trichaulax Vollesen Trichocalyx Balf. UserPolbot. --> Trichocalyx is a genus of Plant in family Acanthaceae. f. Trichosanchezia Mildbr. Ulleria Bremek. (sometimes included in Ruellia) Vavara Benoist Vindasia Benoist Warpuria Stapf Whitfieldia Hook. UserPolbot. --> Whitfieldia is a genus of Plant in family Acanthaceae. Xantheranthemum Lindau Xerothamnella C. T. White Yeatesia Small (Bractspike) Zygoruellia Baill.

Photo Gallery

Leaf of the Acanthaceae "Nerve Plant", Fittonia verschaffeltii

Chinese Violet (Asystasia gangetica)

Peristrophe speciosa

(Polka Dot Plant) Hypoestes Phyllostachya

References

• Schwarzbach, Andrea E. and McDade, Lucinda A. (2002). "Phylogenetic relationships of the mangrove family Avicenniaceae based on chloroplast and nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences". Systematic Botany 27: 84–98.  

External links

• Acanthaceae in L. Watson and M. J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval.
• Tree of Life Acanthaceae

---

© 2009 citizendia.org; parts available under the terms of GNU Free Documentation License, from http://en.wikipedia.org
Dapyx Software network: MP3 Explorer | Ebook Manager | Zenithic