Citizendia

Abu Bakar Bashir (also Abubakar Ba'asyir, Abdus Somad, and Ustad Abu ("Teacher Abu"), born August 17, 1938, is an Indonesian Muslim cleric and leader of the Indonesian Mujahedeen Council (MMI). Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli Year 1938 ( MCMXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. The Republic of Indonesia ( (Republik Indonesia is a Country in Southeast Asia. A Muslim (مسلم pronounced Muslim, not Muzlim) is an adherent of the Religion The Majelis Mujahideen Indonesia ( MMI) or Indonesian Mujahedeen Council, is an umbrella organisation of Indonesian Islamist groups

He runs the Al-Mukmin boarding school in Ngruki, Central Java which he co-founded with Abdullah Sungkar in 1972. The Al-Mukmin Islamic boarding school also known as Pesantren Al-Mukmin and Pondok Ngruki, is a Pesantren ('Islamic boarding school' located Central Java ( Provinsi Jawa Tengah) is a province of Indonesia. Abdullah Sungkar (1937 - November 1999 founded and led Jemaah Islamiyah, an Islamic terrorist and separatist organization He was in exile in Malaysia for 17 years during the secular New Order administration of the President of Indonesia Suharto resulting from various activities, including urging the implementation of Sharia law. For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and The New Order ( Indonesian: Orde Baru) is the term coined by former Indonesian President Suharto to characterize his regime as he came to power in 1966 The President of the Republic of Indonesia ( Presiden Republik Indonesia) is the Head of State as well as the Head of the Government of the Republic Suharto, also spelled Soeharto (June 8 1921 &ndash January 27 2008 was an Indonesian military leader and the second President of Indonesia, holding Sharia ( Arabic: ar شريعة) is the body of Islamic Religious law.

Intelligence agencies claim he is the spiritual head of Jemaah Islamiyah (also known as JI) and has links with Al-Qaeda[1]. History The JI was established as a loose confederation of several Islamic groups Al-Qaeda, alternatively spelled al-Qaida, al-Qa`ida or al-Qa`idah, ( Arabic:; ar-Latn ''al-qāʿidah'' Translation: The Bashir, however, denies connections with Jemaah Islamiyah or terrorism stating he does not believe Jemaah Islamiyah exists. Terrorism is the systematic use of terror especially as a means of coercion [2]

Contents

Biography

Bashir was born in Jombang, East Java in August 17, 1938, to a family of Hadhrami Arab and Javanese descent. Jombang may refer to the following places in Indonesia Jombang Regency, a regency of East Java Jombang Jombang, a subdistrict of Jombang East Java (Jawa Timur is a province of Indonesia. It is located on the eastern part of the island of Java and also includes neighboring Madura Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli Year 1938 ( MCMXXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Hadhramaut, Hadhramout or Hadramawt (حضرموت) is a historical region of the south Arabian Peninsula along the Gulf of Aden in the The araB gene Promoter is a bacterial promoter activated by e L-arabinose binding The Javanese are an Ethnic group native to the Indonesian island of Java. [3][4] He was a student of Gontor Islamic boarding school in Ponorogo, graduating in 1959, before entering Al-Irsyad University, in Solo, Central Java and graduating in 1963. Ponorogo is a regency (kabupaten of East Java, Indonesia. It is well-known as the origin of a form of Indonesian traditional show the Reog Surakarta (colloquially Solo) is an Indonesian city of approximately 500000 people located in Central Java. Central Java ( Provinsi Jawa Tengah) is a province of Indonesia. After time as an activist for the Himpunan Mahasiswa Islam (Indonesian: "Islamic Student Association") in Solo, he was elected secretary of Al-Irsyad Youth Organization, and then president of Indonesian Islamic Youth Movement (GPII) (1961), and Indonesian Student Da'wah Organization (LDMI). Indonesian or Bahasa Indonesia, based on the Riau version of Malay language, was declared the official language with the declaration of

In 1972, Bashir founded Al-Mukmin boarding school with friends Abdullah Sungkar, Yoyo Roswadi, Abdul Qohar H. The Al-Mukmin Islamic boarding school also known as Pesantren Al-Mukmin and Pondok Ngruki, is a Pesantren ('Islamic boarding school' located Daeng Matase and Abdllah Baraja. Al-Mukmin is located in Ngruki, near Solo, Central Java. Initially, Al-Mukmin's activities were limited to religious discussion after only short Islamic forum after dhuhr (mid-day prayer). The dhuhr (ظهر prayer ("dh" representing Ẓāʼ, an Emphatic voiced dental fricative" it is often simplified to "z" is Following increasing interest, the founders expanded Al-Mukmin into Madrasah (Islamic school) and then to Pesantren (Islamic boarding school). "Madrasa" and "Medrese" redirect here For the village in Azerbaijan see Mədrəsə. Pesantren or Pondok Pesantren are Islamic Boarding schools in Indonesia

During President of Indonesia Suharto's New Order, Bashir and Sungkar were arrested for a number of reasons, firstly for actively supporting Sharia, the non-recognition of the Indonesian national ideology Pancasila which in part promotes religious pluralism. The President of the Republic of Indonesia ( Presiden Republik Indonesia) is the Head of State as well as the Head of the Government of the Republic Suharto, also spelled Soeharto (June 8 1921 &ndash January 27 2008 was an Indonesian military leader and the second President of Indonesia, holding The New Order ( Indonesian: Orde Baru) is the term coined by former Indonesian President Suharto to characterize his regime as he came to power in 1966 Sharia ( Arabic: ar شريعة) is the body of Islamic Religious law. Pancasila, (pronounced panʧaˈsila is the official philosophical foundation of the Indonesian state Secondly, the refusal of their school to salute the Indonesian flag which signified Bashir's continual refusal to recognise the authroity of a secular Indonesian state. The national flag of Indonesia, which is known as Sang Merah Putih ("The Red and White" in Indonesian, is based on the flag of the 13th Bashir appealed but was subsequently imprisoned without trial from 1978 to 1982 [5]. Soon after his release, Bashir was convicted on similar charges; he was also linked to the bomb attack on the Buddhist monument Borobudur in 1985 but fled to Malaysia. Buddhism is a family of beliefs and practices Borobudur is a ninth-century Mahayana Buddhist monument in Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia. For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and [6] During his years in exile Bashir undertook religious teachings in both Malaysia andSingapore. Singapore USA alleged that during this period he became involved with Jamaah Islamiyah, an alleged militant Islamist group. History The JI was established as a loose confederation of several Islamic groups Islamism ( Islam + ism; Arabic: al-'islāmiyya) a set of ideologies holding that Islam is not only [1]. Bashir remained in exile until Indonesian President Suharto's fall in 1998 [7]. Bashir returned to Indonesia in 1999 and became a leading cleric, renewing his call for Sharia law. Sharia ( Arabic: ar شريعة) is the body of Islamic Religious law.

Views and controversies

Abul Bakar Bashir has been described as the ideological godfather of Jamaah Islamiyah, even though there is not official evidence of his connection with the Islamic group. History The JI was established as a loose confederation of several Islamic groups He claims to believe that Jemaah Islamiyah doesn't exist and that the CIA and Israel were behind terror attacks in Indonesia including the 2002 Bali bombings[8] Even after open confessions from the bombers, Bashir claimed in August 2006 that the 2002 Bali bombs were "replaced" by a "micro-nuclear" weapon by CIA. near as long as it used to be several months ago It has been actively summarized and split into sub-articles and there is a dynamic talk page discussion of all For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. The 2002 Bali bombings occurred on 12 October 2002 in the tourist district of Kuta on the Indonesian island of Bali. The 2002 Bali bombings occurred on 12 October 2002 in the tourist district of Kuta on the Indonesian island of Bali. A suitcase bomb is a Bomb which uses a Suitcase as its delivery method Bashir has expressed sympathy for Osama bin Laden and Saddam Hussein, but that he didn't "agree with all of their actions," in particular "total war. Osama bin Laden, with some spelling variations is the name used in English to refer to (أسامة بن محمد بن عوض بن لادن born 10 March Saddam Hussein Abd al-Majid al-Tikriti ( Arabic: ar صدام حسين عبد المجيد التكريتي --> April 28 1937 &ndash December 30 " He further stated ". . . If this occurs in an Islamic country, the fitnah [discord] will be felt by Muslims. But to attack them in their country [America] is fine. " He has claimed the 9/11 attacks were a false flag attack by America and Israel as a pretext to attack Muslims in Afghanistan and Iraq. Afghanistan /æfˈgænɪstæn/ officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan ( Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت, For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Iraq topics. [9], a suggestion upheld by many conspiracy theorists. In a speech following the Bali attacks Bashir stated,' I support Osama bin Laden's struggle because his is the true struggle to uphold Islam. '[10]. the Indonesian islamic cleric is portrayed strongly in Western media as an extreme thinker who inspires deadly actions [11], however to Bashir the true terrorists are America and Israel.

He has stated his belief that Indonesia must adhere to Sharia law and has renewed his calls for an Islamic state in Indonesia. [12]

"There is no nobler life than to die as a martyr for jihad. None. The highest deed in Islam is Jihad. If we commit to Jihad, we can neglect other deeds, even fasting and prayer". [13]

Abu Bakar Ba’asyir, Jakarta 2005

Controversy surrounding Abul Bakar Bashir heightened in early 2008 after a sermon given by the cleric in late 2007. Bashir allegedly refers to tourists in Bali as 'worms, snakes and maggots' with specific reference to the immorality of Australian infidels. [14]. Bashir states

the young must be first at the front line, don't hide at the back. You must be at the front, dies as martyrs and all your sins will be forgiven. This is how to achieve forgiveness. . . '

[15]. As described by Natasha Robinson[16], Bashir has returned to his hardline rhetoric. His early release from prison has been described as the catalyst to his revitalised, hardline approach towards non-Muslims. Bashir's view on non-Muslims is highlighted in this statement made in East Java in 2006, 'God willing, there are none here, if there were infidels here, just beat them up. Do not tolerate them. '[17]. Bashir's specific mention of Australian tourists has created uproar among Government officials and the Australian media regarding the cleric's so called intolerant comments. Australia's Foreign Affairs Minister Stephen Smith views Bashir's comments in late 2007 as being full of the intolerance that has marked many of Bashir's previous speeches.

The cleric has also previously warned of severe retribution if the Bali bombers, who killed 202 people in 2002, be executed by firing squad. On 24 March 2008 the Bali bombers, who are on death row, lost almost any hope of escaping the death penalty as their lawyer, Fahmi Bachmid, withdrew from their last appeal. Capital punishment, the death penalty or execution, is the Killing of a person by judicial process as Punishment. [18]. The process of execution is likely to start sooner than expected, indeed bringing Bashir's previous comments regarding the Bali bombers' fate to attention.

Arrest and trial

In June 2002, the USA government demanded Indonesia turn over Omar Al-Faruq and Bashir. Omar al-Faruq ( عمر الفاروق) (24 May 1971 - 25 September 2006 was a Kuwaiti of Iraqi decent and a senior Al-Qaeda member Megawati's administration captured Al-Faruq and transferred him to American custody, and he was subsequently held in Bagram prison in Afghanistan. Diah Permata Megawati Setiawati Soekarnoputri (born January 23, 1947) was President of Indonesia from July 2001 to October 20, Bagram or Bagrām (ancient Alexandria of the Caucasus, medieval Kapisa) was an ancient city located at the junction of the Ghorband Afghanistan /æfˈgænɪstæn/ officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan ( Pashto: د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت, But Megawati refused to transfer Bashir, and many Indonesians protested against the USA and supported Megawati's refusal to fulfill America's request.

On April 14, 2003, he was formally charged by the Indonesian government with treason, immigration violations, and providing false documents and statements to the Indonesian police. Events 43 BC - Battle of Forum Gallorum: Mark Antony, besieging Julius Caesar 's assassin Decimus Junius Brutus in Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. In Law, treason is the Crime that covers some of the more serious acts of disloyalty to one's sovereign or Nation. The charges are mainly related to the Christmas Eve 2000 Indonesia terror attacks against Christian churches, which killed 18 people. On December 24, 2000, a series of explosions took place in Indonesia, which were part of a high-scale terrorist attack by the Al Qaeda and Jemaah Christianity ( Greek Χριστιανισμός from the word Xριστός ( Christ)is a monotheistic Religion centered on the life and teachings In the Indonesian court, he was found not guilty of treason because the state failed to prove its case, but was found guilty on the immigration violations. In a local TV news interview, Metro TV, when asked, 'Are you truly a terrorist?'; He simply answered, 'No, I've never killed anyone. Metro TV is Indonesia 's first 24-hour News channel based in West Jakarta. ' He was sentenced to three years in prison, but the sentence was subsequently reduced to 20 months due to his good behavior in the prison.

On October 15, 2004, he was arrested by the Indonesian authorities and charged with involvement in the bomb attack on the Marriott Hotel in Jakarta on August 5, 2003, which killed 14 people. Events 533 - Byzantine General Belisarius makes his formal entry into Carthage, having conquered it from the "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " The 2003 Marriott Hotel bombing occurred on 5 August 2003 in Mega Kuningan, South Jakarta, Indonesia. Marriott International Inc ( is a worldwide operator and Franchisor of a range of value and luxury Hotels and related Lodging facilities. Jakarta (also DKI Jakarta) is the Capital and largest city of Indonesia. Events 642 - Battle of Maserfield - Penda of Mercia defeats and kills Oswald of Bernicia. Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. Secondary charges in the same indictment accuse him of involvement in the 2002 Bali bombing, the first time he has faced charges in relation to that attack which killed 202 people. The 2002 Bali bombings occurred on 12 October 2002 in the tourist district of Kuta on the Indonesian island of Bali. On March 3, 2005, Bashir was found guilty of conspiracy over the 2002 attacks, but was found not guilty of the charges surrounding the 2003 bombing. Events 1284 - Statute of Rhuddlan incorporated the Principality of Wales into England 1575 - Indian Year 2005 ( MMV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. He was sentenced to two and a half years imprisonment.

Remission and release

On 17 August 2005, as part of the tradition of remissions for Indonesia's Independence Day, Bashir's jail term was cut by 4 months and 15 days. Events 986 - A Byzantine army was destroyed in the pass of Trajan's Gate by the Bulgarians under the Comitopuli On 14 June 2006, to cheers from his supporters waiting outside, Abu Bakar Bashir was released, having served 25+ months in Jakarta's Cipinang prison, where he held court and coordinated the publication of a commemorative book with his release. Events 1276 - While taking exile in Fuzhou in southern China, away from the advancing Mongol invaders, the remnants of the Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Cipinang Penitentiary Institution is a top-security prison in Jakarta, Indonesia. About forty bodyguards in uniform black jackets linked arms to escort Bashir through chanting crowds.

After returning to the boarding school for which he is the spiritual leader, he pledged a renewed campaign to impose Islamic sharia law on Indonesia. Sharia ( Arabic: ar شريعة) is the body of Islamic Religious law. He also called Australian Prime Minister, John Howard, to convert to Islam in order to save him from hell and receive God's forgiveness. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The Prime Minister of Australia is the Head of government of the Commonwealth of Australia, holding office on commission from the Governor-General. See also Howard Government John Winston Howard AC (born 26 July 1939 was the 25th Prime Minister of Australia from 11 March Jahannam (جهنم(in Turkish: cehennem in Bosnian: džehennem is the Islamic equivalent to Gei Hinnom, or Hell. Allah ( Arabic: الله, ʔalˤːɑːh) is the standard Arabic word for ' [19] Howard said that Australians would be "extremely disappointed, even distressed" at the news of the release. [20] In August 2006, Bashir claimed that the 2002 Bali bombs were replaced by the American CIA with a "micro-nuclear" weapon. He also claimed the original bombs were only intended to injure people, not kill them - despite the bombers' own admissions and public testimony. [2] In answer to one reporter's question as to what the West and the United States can do to make the world safer, Bashir replied, "They have to stop fighting Islam. That's impossible because it is sunnatullah [destiny, a law of nature], as Allah has said in the Koran. If they want to have peace, they have to accept to be governed by Islam. " [3]

On December 21, 2006, Bashir's conviction was overturned by Indonesia's Supreme Court. Events 69 - The end of the Year of the four emperors: Following Galba, Otho and Vitellius, Vespasian Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. He publicly criticised the United Nations because he remained on the body's list of international terrorists, saying "I am terrorist number 35 on the list. The United Nations ( UN) is an International organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in International law, International security "[21]

Notes

  1. ^ The hunt for the Bali bombers | Economist.com
  2. ^ Challenge to the US: prove JI exists, Sydney Morning Herald, September 9, 2003
  3. ^ Preaching fundamentalism
  4. ^ A chilling message for the infidels
  5. ^ >[www. The Sydney Morning Herald ( SMH) is a daily Broadsheet Newspaper published by Fairfax Media in Sydney, Australia Events 1000 - Battle of Svolder, Viking Age. 1379 - Treaty of Neuberg, splitting the Austrian Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. cfr. org/publication/10219]2006]
  6. ^ Indonesian cleric fights for a Muslim state | csmonitor.com
  7. ^ >Lee hudson Teslik[www. cfr. org/publication/10219]2006
  8. ^ Bashir links CIA to Bali bombings. ABC
  9. ^ Scott Atran,"A chilling message for the infidels", The First Post, June 18, 2006. The Australian Broadcasting Corporation, commonly abbreviated to the 'ABC' is Australia's national public broadcaster. Events 618 - Coronation of the Chinese governor Li Yuan as Emperor Gaozu of Tang, the new Emperor of China, initiating three centuries
  10. ^ Lee Hudson taslik [www. cfr. org/publication/10219]2006
  11. ^ Lee Hudson taslik [www. cfr. org/publication/10219]2006
  12. ^ Noor, Farish A. (21 August 2006). Events 1192 - Minamoto Yoritomo becomes Seii Tai Shōgun and the De facto ruler of Japan. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. We should not fear being called radical. Aljazeera. net.
  13. ^ Japan Focus
  14. ^ [www. theaustralian. news. com. au/story/0,25197,23421343-601,00,html]
  15. ^ [www. theaustralian. news. com. au/story/0,25197,23421343-601,00,html]
  16. ^ [www. theaustralian. news. com. au/story/0,25197,23421343-601,00,html]2008
  17. ^ [www. theaustralian. news. com. au/story/0,25197,23421343-601,00,html]2008
  18. ^ Michelmore, Karen: The Mercury, page 4,2005
  19. ^ Howard should convert to Islam: Bashir by Geoff Thompson, ABC Online, June 15, 2006
  20. ^ Australia angry as cleric freed, BBC News, June 14, 2006
  21. ^ Murdoch, Lindsay. ABC News and Current Affairs is the name of the division of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC that controls content classified as News, Public Affairs Events 763 BC - Assyrians record a Solar eclipse that will be used to fix the Chronology of Mesopotamian history Events 1276 - While taking exile in Fuzhou in southern China, away from the advancing Mongol invaders, the remnants of the "Bashir clear on Bali blasts as attack fears grow", The Age, December 22, 2006. Events 1790 - The Turkish fortress of Izmail is stormed and captured by Suvorov and his Russian armies Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.  

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External links

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