Aachen (Ripuarian: Oche, Dutch: Aken, Spanish: Aquisgrán, Italian: Aquisgrana, French, and, historically, English: Aix-la-Chapelle) is an historic spa city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. German Middle German West Middle German Ripuarian Ripuarian ( Ripoarish or Ripuarisch Platt, literally "Riverine" or "Riparian Low German" Dutch ( is a West Germanic language spoken by around 24 million people 22 million of which are from the Netherlands, Belgium and Suriname Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States See also Mineral spa A spa town, or simply spa, is a town frequented mainly for health reasons to "take the waters" North Rhine-Westphalia (Nordrhein-Westfalen usually shortened to NRW, official short form NW is the westernmost and - in terms of population and economic output - the Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. It is the westernmost city of Germany, located along its borders with Belgium and the Netherlands, 65 km west of Cologne. The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands [1]
| Aachen | |
 | |
| Coat of arms | Location |
 |   |
| Administration | |
| Country |  Germany |
|---|---|
| State | North Rhine-Westphalia |
| Admin. region | Cologne |
| District | Urban district |
| Lord Mayor | Jürgen Linden (SPD) |
| Governing parties | SPD / Greens |
| Basic statistics | |
| Area | 160. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. Germany (Deutschland is a Federal Republic consisting of sixteen States, known in German as Länder (singular North Rhine-Westphalia (Nordrhein-Westfalen usually shortened to NRW, official short form NW is the westernmost and - in terms of population and economic output - the A Regierungsbezirk is a type of government region of Germany, a subdivision of certain federal states ( ''Bundesländer'') Cologne is one of the five governmental districts of the German Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia. German districts (de ''Kreise'' or de ''Landkreise'' in the states of Nordrhein-Westfalen and Schleswig-Holstein, singular de ''Kreis'' and de ''Landreis'' This is a list of urban districts in Germany. Germany is divided into 429 districts (not to be confused with the larger Regierungsbezirk) these consist The Lord Mayor is the title of the Mayor of a major city with special recognition This is a list of political parties in Germany. Germany has a Multi-party system with two large parties three substantial smaller parties and a number of minor The Alliance '90/The Greens ( Bündnis 90/Die Grünen) the German Green party, is a Political party in Germany whose regional Area is a Quantity expressing the two- Dimensional size of a defined part of a Surface, typically a region bounded by a closed Curve. 83 km² (62. 1 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 266 m (873 ft) |
| Population | 258,770 |
| - Density | 1,609 /km² (4,167 /sq mi) |
| Other information | |
| Time zone | CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2) |
| Licence plate | AC |
| Postal codes | 52062–52080 |
| Area codes | 0241 / 02405 / 02407 / 02408 |
| Website | www.aachen.de |
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Contents |
History
A quarry on the Lousberg which was first used in Neolithic times attests to the long occupation of the site of Aachen. The Neolithic (from Greek νεολιθικός — neolithikos from νέος neos, "new" + λίθος lithos No larger settlements, however, have been found to have existed in this remote rural area, distant at least 15 km from the nearest road even in Roman times, up to the early mediæval period when the place is mentioned as a king's mansion for the first time, not long before Charlemagne became ruler of the Franks. Charlemagne (ˈʃɑrlɨmeɪn Carolus Magnus or Karolus Magnus meaning Charles the Great) (747 – 28 January 814 was King of the Franks from 768 to his
Since Roman times, the hot springs at Aachen have been channeled into baths (none of which are currently in use). The Roman Empire was the post-Republican phase of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial [1] There is some documentary proof that the Romans named the hot sulphur springs of Aachen Aquis-Granum. A hot spring is a spring that is produced by the emergence of geothermally heated Groundwater from the earth's crust. The name Granus has lately been identified as that of a Celtic deity. In classical Celtic polytheism, Grannus (also Granus Mogounus Amarcolitanus) was a Deity associated with In French-speaking areas of the former Empire, the word aquas was transformed into aix. French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in
Middle Ages
After Roman times, Einhard mentions that in 765–6 Pippin the Younger spent both Christmas and Easter at Aquis villa ("Et celebravit natalem Domini in Aquis villa et pascha similiter. Einhard (also Eginhard or Einhart) (c 775 &ndash March 14, 840 in Seligenstadt, Germany) was a Frankish Pepin or Pippin (714 &ndash 24 September 768) called the Short, and often known as Pepin the Younger or Pepin III, was "),[2] which must have been sufficiently equipped to support the royal household for several months. In the year of his coronation, 768, Charlemagne came to spend Christmas at Aachen for the first time. Charlemagne (ˈʃɑrlɨmeɪn Carolus Magnus or Karolus Magnus meaning Charles the Great) (747 – 28 January 814 was King of the Franks from 768 to his He went on to remain there in a mansion which he may have extended, although there is no source attesting any significant building activity at Aachen in his time apart from the building of the Palatine Chapel in Aachen (since 1929, cathedral) and the palatial presentation halls. The Palatine Chapel in Aachen is the chapel of Charlemagne 's palace, now part of Aachen Cathedral. Charlemagne spent most winters between 792 and his death in 814 in Aachen, which became the focus of his court and the political center of his empire. After his death, the king was buried in the church which he had built; his original tomb has been lost, while his alleged remains are preserved in the shrine where he was reburied after being declared a saint; his saintliness, however, was never very widely acknowledged outside the bishopric of Liège where he may still be venerated "by tradition". The Bishopric of Liège or Prince-Bishopric of Liège was a state of the Holy Roman Empire in the Low Countries in present Belgium [1]
In 936, Otto I was crowned king in the collegiate church built by Charlemagne. Otto I the Great ( 23 November 912 &ndash 7 May 973) son of Henry I the Fowler and Matilda of Ringelheim, was Duke Over the next 500 years, most kings of Germany destined to reign over the Holy Roman Empire were crowned "King of the Germans" in Aachen. The Holy Roman Empire ( HRE; German Heiliges Römisches Reich (HRR, Latin Sacrum Romanum Imperium (SRI was a union of territories in This article lists the German monarchs, ruling over the territory of Germany from the creation of a separate Eastern Frankish Kingdom in 843 until the end of monarchy The last king to be crowned here was Ferdinand I in 1531. Ferdinand I Holy Roman Emperor ( Alcalá de Henares (near Madrid) Kingdom of Castile (now Spain) 10 March 1503 &ndash [1] During the Middle Ages, Aachen remained a city of regional importance, due to its proximity to Flanders, achieving a modest position in the trade in woollen cloths, favoured by imperial privilege. Flanders (Vlaanderen Flandre Flandern is a geographical region located in parts of present day Belgium, France, and the Netherlands. Wool is the fiber derived from the specialized skin cells called follicles of animals in the Caprinae family principally sheep, but the hair of certain species The city remained a Free Imperial City, subject to the Emperor only, but was politically far too weak to influence the policies of any of its neighbors. In the Holy Roman Empire, a free imperial city (in German: freie Reichsstadt) was a City formally ruled by the Emperor only &mdash The only dominion it held was that over the neighboring tiny territory of Burtscheid, which was ruled by a Benedictine abbess and forced to accept that all of its traffic must pass through the "Aachener Reich". Burtscheid ( Latin language: Porcetum) is a town in northern Germany, near Aachen. Benedictine refers to the Spirituality and Consecrated life in accordance with the Rule of St Benedict, written by Benedict of Nursia in An abbess ( Latin abbatissa fem form of abbas Abbot) is the female superior, or Mother Superior, of an Abbey Even in the late 18th century, the Abbess of Burtscheid was prevented from building a road linking her territory to the neighbouring estates of the duke of Jülich; the city of Aachen even deployed its handful of soldiers to chase away the road-diggers.
From the early 16th century, Aachen declined in importance. In 1656, a great fire devastated Aachen. [3] It still remained a place of historical myth and became newly attractive as a spa by the middle of the 17th century, not so much because of the effects of its hot springs on the health of its visitors but since Aachen was then — and remained well into the 19th century — one of the centres of high-level prostitution in Europe. Prostitution is the act of performing Sexual activity in exchange for Money. Traces of this hidden agenda of the city's history can be found in the 18th century guidebooks to Aachen as well as to other spas; the main indication for visiting patients, ironically, was syphilis; only by the end of the 19th century had rheuma become the most important object of cures at Aachen and Burtscheid. Syphilis is a Sexually transmitted disease caused by the spirochetal Bacterium Treponema pallidum pallidum. This explains why Aachen was chosen as site of several important congresses and peace treaties: the first congress of Aachen (often referred to as Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle in English) in 1668, leading to the First Treaty of Aachen in the same year which ended the War of Devolution. The Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle (1668 was the first of three treaties signed at Aachen (in French "Aix-la-Chapelle" which ended the War of Devolution. English is a West Germanic language originating in England and is the First language for most people in the United Kingdom, the United States The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle or Treaty of Aachen was signed on May 2, 1668 in Aachen. The War of Devolution ( 1667 &ndash 1668) saw Louis XIV 's French armies overrun the Hapsburg controlled Spanish Netherlands and The second congress ended with the second treaty in 1748, finishing the War of the Austrian Succession. On the April 24 1748 a Congress assembled at Aachen (french Aix-la-Chapelle for the purpose of bringing to a conclusion The second Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle ( Aachen) of 1748 ended the War of the Austrian Succession. The War of the Austrian Succession (1740-1748 involved nearly all the powers of Europe [1] The third congress took place in 1818 to decide the fate of occupied Napoleonic France. The Congress or Conference of Aix-la-Chapelle ( Aachen) held in the autumn of 1818 was primarily a meeting of the four allied powers Britain, Austria Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe.
18th century
By the middle of the 18th century, industrialization had swept away most of the city's medieval rules of production and commerce, although the entirely corrupt remains of the city's mediæval constitution were kept in place (compare the famous remarks of Georg Forster in his Ansichten vom Niederrhein) until 1801, when Aachen became the "chef-lieu du département de la Roer" in Napoléon's First French Empire. A prefecture ( préfecture) in France can refer to: the Chef-lieu de département, the town in which the administration of a ''département'' Roer is the name of a département of the First French Empire in present day Germany and the Netherlands. The Empire of the French (1804-1814 also known as the Empire of France, Greater French Empire, First French Empire, French Empire, or In 1815 after the Napoleonic Wars, the Kingdom of Prussia took over and the city became one of its most socially and politically backward centres until the end of the 19th century. The Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815 involved Napoleon's French Empire and a shifting set of European allies and opposing coalitions The Kingdom of Prussia (Königreich Preußen was a German kingdom from 1701 to 1918 and from 1871 was the leading state of the German Empire, comprising [1] Administered within the Rhine Province, by 1880 the population was 80,000. The Rhine Province (Rheinprovinz also known as Rhenish Prussia ( Rheinpreußen) was a province of the Kingdom of Prussia and the Free Starting in 1840, the railway from Cologne to Belgium passed through Aachen. "Railroad" and "Railway" both redirect here For other uses see Railroad (disambiguation. The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those The city suffered extreme overcrowding and deplorable sanitary conditions up to 1875 when the mediæval fortifications were finally abandoned as a limit to building operations and new, less miserable quarters were built towards the eastern part of the city where drainage of waste liquids was easiest. In the 19th century and up to the 1930s, the city was important for the production of railway locomotives and carriages, iron, pins, needles, buttons, tobacco, woollen goods, and silk goods. Iron (ˈаɪɚn is a Chemical element with the symbol Fe (ferrum and Atomic number 26 A pin is a device used for fastening objects or material together A sewing needle is a long slender tool with a pointed tip The first needles were made of bone or wood modern ones are manufactured from high carbon steel wire nickel- or gold plated In Clothing and Fashion design, a button is a small plastic or metal disc- or knob-shaped typically round object usually attached to an article of Clothing Tobacco is an Agricultural product recognized as an addictive drug processed from the fresh Leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana. Silk is a natural Protein Fiber, some forms of which can be woven into Textiles The best-known type of silk is obtained from cocoons
20th century
Aachen was destroyed partially — and in some parts completely — during World War II,[1] mostly by bombing in the latest phase of non-surrender, by American artillery fire and through deliberate destruction wrought by the SS division employed to keep Aachen out of allied hands as long as possible. World War II, or the Second World War, (often abbreviated WWII) was a global military conflict which involved a majority of the world's nations, including The United States Army is a military organization whose primary mission is to "provide necessary forces and capabilities. Artillery (from French artillerie) is a military Combat Arm which employs any apparātus machine The Waffen-SS ( German for "Armed SS" literally "Weapons SS" was the Combat arm of the Schutzstaffel ("Protective Squadron" Damaged buildings include the mediæval churches of St. Foillan, St. Paul and St. Nicholas, as well as the Rathaus (city hall), although the Aachen Cathedral was largely unscathed. Saint Foillan ( Faelan Faolan Foelan Foalan; Feuillien is an Irish saint of the Seventh century. Paul the apostle (שאול התרסי Šaʾul HaTarsi, meaning " Saul of Tarsus " Σαούλ Saul and Σαῦλος Saulos and Saint Nicholas (Άγιος Νικόλαος, Agios Nikolaos, "victory of the people" is the common name for Nicholas of Myra, a Christian Saint Rathaus is a German word literally translating as "council house" often rendered as "city hall" or "town hall". The Aachen Cathedral frequently referred to as the " Imperial Cathedral " (in German: Kaiserdom is a Roman Catholic church in Aachen The city was liberated, with only 4000 inhabitants who had disobeyed Nazi evacuation orders, on October 21, 1944, the first German city to be free from Nazi rule. Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German Events 1512 - Martin Luther joins the theological faculty of the University of Wittenberg. Year 1944 ( MCMXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Its first Allied-appointed mayor, Franz Oppenhoff, was murdered by an SS commando unit. Franz Oppenhoff (August 18 1902 - March 25 1945 was a German lawyer who was appointed Mayor of the city of Aachen by Allied forces and subsequently murdered on the order
While the kings' palace no longer exists, the church built by Charlemagne is still the main attraction of the city [1]. The Palace of Aachen was a collection of residential political and religious buildings used by Charlemagne as the centre of power of his Carolingian Empire. In addition to holding the remains of its founder, it became the burial place of his successor Otto III. Otto III (980 &ndash January 23, 1002) was the fourth ruler of the Saxon or Ottonian dynasty of the Holy Roman Empire. The cathedral of Aachen has been designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization ( UNESCO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations established on November 16 A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a site (such as a Forest, Mountain, Lake, Desert, Monument, Building, complex
It is here that in 1944, just after having crossed the German border, Rabbi Sidney Lefkowitz, an American Army Chaplain, held the first Jewish service in Germany since the beginning of World War II. This service was broadcast live on NBC.
Main sights
The impressive Aachen Cathedral was erected on the orders of Charlemagne in 786 AD and was on completion the largest dome north of the Alps. The Aachen Cathedral frequently referred to as the " Imperial Cathedral " (in German: Kaiserdom is a Roman Catholic church in Aachen Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those The Aachen Cathedral frequently referred to as the " Imperial Cathedral " (in German: Kaiserdom is a Roman Catholic church in Aachen Charlemagne (ˈʃɑrlɨmeɪn Carolus Magnus or Karolus Magnus meaning Charles the Great) (747 – 28 January 814 was King of the Franks from 768 to his On his death Charlemagne's remains were interred in the cathedral and can be seen there to this date. The cathedral was extended several times in later ages, turning it into a curious and unique mixture of building styles.
The 14th century city hall lies between two central places, the Markt (market place) and the Katschhof (between city hall and cathedral). The coronation hall is on the first floor of the building. Inside you can find five frescoes by the Aachen artist Alfre Rethel which show legendary scenes from the life of Charlemagne, as well as Charlemagne's signature.
The Grashaus, a late medieval house at the Markt, is one of the oldest non-religious buildings in downtown Aachen. It hosts the city archive. The Grashaus was the former city hall before the present building took over this function.
The Elisenbrunnen is one of the most famous sights of Aachen. It is a neoclassical hall covering one of the cities famous fountains. It is just a minute away from the cathedral. Just a few steps in southeastern direction lies the 19th century theatre. Theatre (or theater, see spelling differences) is the branch of the Performing arts defined by Bernard Beckerman as what "occurs when one
Also well known and well worth seeing are the two remaining city gates, the Ponttor, one half mile northwest of the cathedral, and the Kleinmarschiertor, close to the central railway station. There are also a few parts of both medieval city walls left, most of them integrated in more recent buildings, some others visible. At Turmstraße and at Junkerstraße, there are even two towers left, both of which are used for housing.
There are many other places and objects worth seeing, for example a notable number of churches and monasteries, a few remarkable 17th and 18th century buildings in the particular Baroque style typical of the region, a collection of statues and monuments, park areas, cemeteries, amongst others. This article concerns the buildings occupied by monastics. For the life inside monasteries and its historical roots see Monasticism. The area's industrial history is reflected in dozens of 19th century and early 20th century manufacturing sites in the city.
Economy
Aachen has a large number of spin-offs from the university's IT-technology department and is a major centre of IT development in Germany. Due to the low level of investment in cross-border railway projects, the city has preserved a slot within the Thalys high-speed train network which uses existing tracks on its last 70 km from Belgium to Cologne. Thalys is an international high-speed train operator built around the high-speed lines between Paris, Brussels, Cologne and Amsterdam The airport that serves Aachen, Maastricht Aachen Airport, is located about 30 km away on Dutch territory, close to the town of Beek. Maastricht Aachen Airport is a regional Airport near Maastricht, The Netherlands, and not far from Aachen, Germany. Aachen was the administrative centre for the coal-mining industries in neighbouring places to the northeast; it never played any role in brown coal mining, however, neither in administrative or industrial terms. Lignite, often referred to as brown coal, or Rosebud coal by Northern Pacific Railroad, is a soft brown fuel with characteristics that put it somewhere Products manufactured in or around Aachen include electronics, chemicals, plastics, textiles, glass, cosmetics, and needles and pins. Its most important source of revenue, the textile industries, have been dead for almost half a century now. Robert Browning's poem "How they brought the good news from Ghent to Aix" refers to Aachen, but not to any historical fact. Robert Browning (7 May 1812 - 12 December 1889 was an English poet and playwright whose mastery of Dramatic verse, especially Dramatic monologues made him one of
Sport
The annual CHIO (short for the French Concours Hippique International Officiel) is the biggest equestrian meeting of the world and among horsemen considered to be as prestigious for equitation as the tournament of Wimbledon for tennis. For the Roman class see Equestrian (Roman Equestrianism refers to the skill of riding or driving Horses This broad description The Championships Wimbledon, or simply Wimbledon, is the oldest Tennis tournament in the world and is widely considered as the most prestigious Aachen was also the host of the 2006 FEI World Equestrian Games. The 2006 FEI World Equestrian Games were held in Aachen, Germany from August 20 to September 3, 2006.
The local football team Alemannia Aachen had a short spell in Germany's first division, after its promotion in 2006. Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Alemannia Aachen is a German football club from the western city of Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia. The Bundesliga is the highest level of Germany 's football league system. However, the team could not sustain its status and is now back in the second division. Their stadium is called Tivoli. The Tivoli in Aachen, Germany, is the Stadium of Aachen's best known Football (soccer team Alemannia Aachen.
Awards
Since 1950, a committee of Aachen citizens annually awards the Karlspreis (German for ‘Charlemagne Award’) to personalities of outstanding service to the unification of Europe. The Karlspreis ( Charlemagne Prize; Prix Charlemagne; full name originally Internationaler Karlspreis der Stadt Aachen The International Charlemagne Prize of Aachen was awarded in the year 2000 to the President of the United States, Bill Clinton, for his special personal contribution to cooperation with the states of Europe, for the preservation of peace, freedom, democracy and human rights in Europe, and for his support of the enlargement of the European Union. William Jefferson "Bill" Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III, August 19 1946 served as the forty-second President of the United States In 2003 the medal was awarded to Valéry Giscard d'Estaing. Valéry Marie René Georges Giscard d'Estaing (born 2 February 1926 is a French centre - right politician who was President of the French In 2004, Pope John Paul II's efforts to unite Europe were honoured with an ‘Extraordinary Charlemagne Medal’, which was awarded for the first time ever. Pope
Miscellaneous
In 1372, Aachen became the first coin-minting city in the world to regularly place an Anno Domini date on a general circulation coin, a groschen. main - title Coin keywords numismatics coin review Groschen (Grossus Groschen grossone groš grosz garas гроші, грош grosh, gros грош was the (sometimes colloquial name for a Coin It is written MCCCLXXII. None with this date are known to be in existence any longer. The earliest date for which an Aachen coin is still extant is dated 1373.
King Ethelwulf of Wessex, father of Alfred the Great was born in Aachen. Æthelwulf, also spelled Aethelwulf or Ethelwulf; Old English: Æþelwulf, means 'Noble Wolf' (c Alfred the Great (also Ælfred from the Old English Ælfrēd ˈælfreːd (c Mies van der Rohe, one of founders of modern architecture and a member of the Bauhaus during its period in Dessau was born in Aachen as well. Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (ˈlʊdvɪç miːs faːn dɛʀ ˈʀoːɐ born Maria Ludwig Michael Mies ( March 27, 1886 &ndash August 17, 1969 This article is concerned with architectural aspects of Modernism; for the most recent developments in architecture see Contemporary architecture. ("House of Building" or "Building School" is the common term for the, a school in Germany that combined crafts and the fine arts and was famous Dessau is a town in Germany on the junction of the rivers Mulde and Elbe, in the Bundesland (Federal State of Saxony-Anhalt
Aachen has the hottest springs of Central Europe with water temperatures of 74°C(165°F). A hot spring is a spring that is produced by the emergence of geothermally heated Groundwater from the earth's crust. Central Europe is the Region lying between the variously and vaguely defined areas of Eastern and The Celsius Temperature scale was previously known as the centigrade scale. Fahrenheit is a temperature scale named after Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736 a German Physicist who proposed it in 1724 The water contains a considerable percentage of common salt and other sodium salts and sulphur. For sodium chloride in the diet see Salt. Sodium chloride, also known as common salt, table salt, or Halite, is a Salt is a Dietary mineral composed primarily of Sodium chloride that is essential for Animal life but toxic to most land plants Sulfur or sulphur (ˈsʌlfɚ see spelling below) is the Chemical element that has the Atomic number 16
The local speciality of Aachen is an originally stonehard type of sweet bread, baked in large flat loaves, called Aachener Printen. Aachener Printen are a type of Lebkuchen originating from the city of Aachen in Germany. Unlike gingerbread (German: Lebkuchen), which is sweetened with honey, Printen are sweetened with sugar. Gingerbread is a sweet that can take the form of a Cake or a Cookie in which the predominant flavors are ginger and raw Sugar. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Lebkuchen (or Pfefferkuchen is a traditional German product baked for Christmas, somewhat resembling soft Gingerbread. Today, a soft version is sold under the same name which follows an entirely different recipe.
Aachen is at the western end of the Benrath line that divides High German to the south from the rest of the West Germanic speech area to the north. In German linguistics the Benrath line (German Benrather Linie) is the maken-machen Isogloss. The High German languages (in German, Hochdeutsch) are any of the varieties of standard German, Luxembourgish and The West Germanic languages constitute the largest of the three traditional branches of the Germanic family of Languages and include languages such as English
Education
RWTH Aachen, Aachen University of Technology, established as Polytechnicum in 1870, is a centre of technological research of worldwide importance, especially for electrical and mechanical engineering, computer sciences and physics. deu Gründerzeit ( German, 'grʏndɐˌtsaɪ̯t literally “the founders' epoch” refers to the economic phase in 19th century Germany and Austria before RWTH Aachen University is a large university located in Aachen, Germany. The university clinics attached to the RWTH, the Klinikum Aachen, is the biggest single-building hospital in Europe. The Klinikum Aachen, full German name "Universitätsklinikum Aachen"(University Hospital Aachen abbreviated UKA formerly known Over time, a host of software and computer industries have developed around the university.
FH Aachen, Aachen University of Applied Sciences (AcUAS) was founded in 1971. The AcUAS not only offers the classical engineering education in professions like Mechatronics, Construction Engineering, Mechanical Engineering or Electrical Engineering, but in an intensive dialogue with commerce, politics and professional practice new and application-oriented programs have been and are continually developed, which exceed today’s requirements by far. Internationality is also underlined by the range of academic courses on offer: German and international students are educated in more than 20 international or foreign-oriented programs and can acquire German as well as international degrees (Bachelor/Master) or Doppeldiplome (double degrees). The fraction of foreign students meanwhile amounts to more than 21%.
The German Army's Technical School (Technische Schule des Heeres und Fachschule des Heeres für Technik) is also situated in Aachen. The German Army (Deutsches Heer heɐ) is the land component of the armed forces of the Federal Republic of Germany.
Sister cities
Reims, France; since January 28, 1967. Reims (alternative English spelling Rheims; riːmz in English and /ʁɛ̃s/ in French) is a city of the Champagne-Ardenne région of northern This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. 
Halifax, England; since November 14, 1979. Halifax is a large Market town within the Metropolitan Borough of Calderdale, in West Yorkshire, England, with a population of 82056 in the England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland 
Toledo, Spain; since January 26, 1985. Toledo Spain locationpng|thumb|right|200px|Location of Toledo in Spain Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. 
Ningbo, China; since October 25, 1986. Ningbo ( literally "Tranquil Waves" is a Seaport with sub-provincial administrative status. Talk People's Republic of China) PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES - Naumburg, Germany; since May 30, 1988. Naumburg (ˈnaʊ̯mbʊɐ̯k is a town in Germany, on the Saale River. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe.
Arlington County, Virginia; since September 17, 1993. The Commonwealth of Virginia ( is an American state 
Cape Town, South Africa; since 1999. Cape Town (Kaapstad Xhosa: Ikapa) is the second most populous city in South Africa, forming part of the metropolitan municipality of the The Republic of South Africa (also known by other official names) is a country located at the southern tip of the continent of Africa 
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Name in different languages
Aachen is known in different languages by different names (see also Names of European cities in different languages). Many cities in Europe have different names in different languages
| Language | Name | Pronunciation in IPA |
|---|---|---|
| German | Aachen | [ˈʔaːxən] |
| Local dialect | Oche | [ˈoːxə] |
| Dutch | Aken | [ˈaːkən] |
| Yiddish | אכען | [ˈʔaxɛn],[ʔɔxnˌ] |
| Hebrew | אאכן | [ˈʔaxɛn] |
| Serbian | Ahen/Ахен | [ˈaxən] |
| French | Aix-la-Chapelle | [ɛkslaʃaˈpɛl] |
| Polish | Akwizgran | [akˈfizgɾan] |
| Russian | Аахен/Ахен | [aːxen] |
| Catalan | Aquisgrà | [əkizˈɣɾa] |
| Spanish | Aquisgrán | [akisˈɣɾan] |
| Portuguese | Aquisgrão, Aquisgrana | [ˌakwiz'grɐ̃ũ], [ˌakwizˈgrɐ̃ːna] |
| Italian | Aquisgrana | [akwizˈgɾaːna] |
| Latin | Aquīsgrānum | [ˌakwiːsˈgɾaːnum] |
| Czech | Cáchy | [ˈtsaːxi] |
| Chinese (Simplified) | 亚琛 | [iɑ tʂʰən] (PY: yà chēn) |
| Chinese (Traditional, Taiwan form) | 亞亨 | [iɑ xɤŋ] (PY: yà hēng) |
| Chinese (Traditional, HK form) | 亞琛 | [ɑː sɐm] (JP: aa3 sam1) |
| Thai | อาเค่น | [ˈtsaːxɪ] |
| Arabic | آخن | [ˈʔɑːχɪn] |
| Bulgarian | Аахен/Ахен | [ˈaxen] |
| Luxembourgish | Oochen | [ˈoːxən] |
| Romanian | Ahăn | [ˈoːxən] |
See also: Aachen dialect
See also
Notes
- ^ a b c d e f g Bridgwater, W. The German language (de ''Deutsch'') is a West Germanic language and one of the world's major languages. Aachen dialect ( Aachen German Öcher Platt) is the name of the dialect of Ripuarian spoken in the German Rhineland city of Aachen. Dutch ( is a West Germanic language spoken by around 24 million people 22 million of which are from the Netherlands, Belgium and Suriname Yiddish (yi [[wiktייִדיש ייִדיש]] yidish or yi [[wiktאידיש אידיש]] idish, literally "Jewish" is a nonterritorial High Serbian (sr-Cyrl српски језик sr-Latn ''srpski jezik'' is a South Slavic language, French ( français,) is a Romance language spoken around the world by 118 million people as a native language and by about 180 to 260 million people Polish ( język polski, polszczyzna) is the Official language of Poland. Russian ( transliteration:,) is the most geographically widespread language of Eurasia, the most widely spoken of the Slavic languages Catalan ˈkætəˌlæn ( català kətəˈla or) is a Romance language, the national and official language of Andorra, and a co-official Portuguese ( or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain and northern Portugal. Italian ( or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people as a First language, primarily in Italy. Latin ( lingua Latīna, laˈtiːna is an Italic language, historically spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. Czech (ˈʧɛk čeština ˈʧɛʃcɪna in Czech is a West Slavic language with about 12 million native speakers it is the majority language in the Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use Pinyin, more formally Hanyu pinyin, is the most common Standard Mandarin Romanization system in use Jyutping (sometimes spelled Jyutpin) is a Romanization system for Standard Cantonese developed by the Linguistic Society of Hong Kong (LSHK Thai (th ภาษาไทย, transcription: phasa thai, transliteration:; pʰāːsǎːtʰāj is the national and Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language Bulgarian (български език IPA: ɛzˈik is an Indo-European language, a member of the Slavic linguistic group Luxembourgish (lb Lëtzebuergesch Luxembourgeois Luxemburgisch Luxemburgs Lussimbordjwès also called Luxembourgian, also spelled Luxemburgish, is one of Romanian or Daco-Romanian ( dated: Rumanian or Roumanian; self designation limba română, ˈlimba roˈmɨnə is a Romance Aachen dialect ( Aachen German Öcher Platt) is the name of the dialect of Ripuarian spoken in the German Rhineland city of Aachen. The district of Aachen ( Kreis Aachen) is a Kreis (district in the west of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. This is a list of Mayors ( Oberbürgermeister) and City managers ( Oberstadtdirektor) of Aachen, Germany. The Aachener was a German Automobile, built by the Aachen Steel Works and offered for sale in 1902 & Beatrice Aldrich. (1966) The Columbia-Viking Desk Encyclopedia. Columbia University. p11.
- ^ Pépin le Bref, Annales d'Éginhard
- ^ "Aachen". (2006). In Encyclopædia Britannica. The Encyclopædia Britannica is a general English-language encyclopaedia published by Encyclopædia Britannica Inc Retrieved December 9, 2006, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Events 536 - Byzantine General Belisarius enters Rome while the Ostrogothic garrison peacefully leaves the city Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar.
This article incorporates text from the public domain 1911 edition of The Grocer's Encyclopedia. The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone The Grocer's Encyclopedia ( New York, 1911 is a book about the growing preparation and marketing of foods written by Artemas Ward.
External links
- City of Aachen (partly available in English)
- ASEAG (public bus transport) (in German)
- RWTH Aachen (University of technical science, Aachen)
- Fachhochschule Aachen (Aachen University of Applied Sciences)
- Google Earth placemark with official image overlays
- Panorama pictures of landmarks and places of interest
- Einhard's Annals: first mention of Aquis villa, 765
- Aachen Zoo at Zoo-Infos.de (in English)
- Article on Aachen's historic buildings
- Map of the Aachen Area in 1789
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