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A Perfect Circle
Also known asAPC
OriginBell Gardens, California, USA
Genre(s)Art rock
Alternative rock
Alternative metal
Years active1999–2006 (on hiatus)
Label(s)EMI, Virgin
Associated actsAshes Divide, Black Light Burns, Devo, Failure, Fear and the Nervous System, Guns N' Roses, Head, Jarboe, Marilyn Manson, Nine Inch Nails, The Offspring, Primus, Puscifer, Queens of the Stone Age, The Smashing Pumpkins, Tapeworm, Tool, The Vandals, Vanessa and the O's, Zwan
Websitewww.aperfectcircle.com
Members
Maynard James Keenan
Billy Howerdel
Josh Freese
Former members
Paz Lenchantin
Troy Van Leeuwen
Tim Alexander
Jeordie White
James Iha
Danny Lohner

A Perfect Circle (often referred to as APC) is an alternative rock supergroup formed by guitarist Billy Howerdel. Bell Gardens is a city in Los Angeles County, California, United States. California ( is a US state on the West Coast of the United States, along the Pacific Ocean. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the A music genre is a categorical and typological construct that identifies musical sounds as belonging to a particular category and type of music that can be distinguished from other Art rock is a term describing a subgenre of Rock music that tends to have "experimental or avant-garde influences" and emphasizes "novel sonic texture Alternative rock (also called alternative music, alt-rock or simply alternative; known primarily in the UK as indie) is a genre of Alternative metal is an eclectic form of Heavy metal music that gained popularity in the early 1990s alongside grunge. In the Music industry, a record label can be a Brand and a Trademark associated with the Marketing of music recordings and Music The EMI Group is a British music company comprising the major record company EMI Music – which operates several labels and is based in Kensington in Virgin Records is a British Record label founded by English entrepreneur Richard Branson, Simon Draper, and Nik Powell Ashes Divide (commonly typeset as ASHES dIVIDE, to fit their logo is an American rock band formed by guitarist Billy Howerdel Black Light Burns is an industrial rock band featuring Wes Borland (formerly of Limp Bizkit, Big Dumb Face, Eat the Day Devo (pronounced DEE-vo (IPA /'diːvoʊ/) or dee-VO (IPA /diː'voʊ/) often spelled "DEVO" or "DEV-O" is an American Failure was an influential American Rock band (often also classified as Alternative rock and/or Space rock) that was active from 1990 to Fear and the Nervous System is an experimental / Industrial rock band formed by Korn Guitarist James Shaffer. Guns N' Roses is an American rock band formed in Los Angeles, California in 1985 Jarboe (also known as The Living Jarboe) is an American singer songwriter and keyboardist Marilyn Manson is an American Alternative metal band based in Los Angeles California. The Offspring (sometimes referred to simply as Offspring) are a popular and influential American Primus is an American rock band currently composed of singer and bassist Les Claypool, guitarist Larry "Ler" LaLonde, and Puscifer (ˈpʊsɨfɚ is a Side project of Maynard James Keenan from the bands Tool and A Perfect Circle. Queens of the Stone Age (also known as QOTSA or simply Queens) are a rock band from Palm Desert, California, United States The Smashing Pumpkins are an American Alternative rock band that formed in Chicago, Illinois in 1988 Tapeworm is a defunct Side project of Nine Inch Nails which existed in various forms from 1995 to roughly 2004 Tool is an American rock band that was formed in 1990 in Los Angeles, California. The Vandals are an American Punk rock band formed in 1980 in Huntington Beach California and currently recording for Kung Fu Records. Vanessa and the O's formed in 2003/2004 when Vanessa Contenay-Quinones got together with Swedes Andreas Mattson ( Popsicle) and Niclas Frisk ( Atomic Zwan was an American Alternative rock " supergroup " that was formed by members of The Smashing Pumpkins, Slint, Maynard James Keenan (born James Herbert Keenan on April 17 1964 When Keenan was 11 his mother suffered a paralyzing Cerebral aneurysm, which would later serve as Billy Howerdel (born May 18, 1970) is the founding member Guitarist, Songwriter, and producer for the bands A Perfect Circle Josh Freese (born December 25, 1972) is an American session drummer and songwriter Paz Lenchantin (born December 12, 1973 in Mar del Plata, Argentina is an Argentine - American musician Troy Van Leeuwen (born January 5, 1970 in Los Angeles California) is an American Guitarist who currently plays Lap steel guitar Tim "Herb" Alexander (born April 10, 1965 in Cherry Point North Carolina) is an American Musician, best known as Jeordie Osbourne White (born June 20 1971 also known by his pseudonym Twiggy Ramirez (derived from Twiggy, a fashion icon and Richard Ramirez, James Yoshinobu Iha ( Japanese 井葉吉伸 Iha Yoshinobu or ジェームス・イハ Jēmusu Iha) born March 26, 1968 in Daniel Patrick Lohner (born December 13, 1970 in Corpus Christi, Texas) most commonly known as Alternative rock (also called alternative music, alt-rock or simply alternative; known primarily in the UK as indie) is a genre of SuperGroup is a Reality show on the channel VH1. The show puts together five Heavy metal musicians packed into a large mansion that must play a show after The guitar is a Musical instrument with ancient roots that is used in a wide variety of musical styles Billy Howerdel (born May 18, 1970) is the founding member Guitarist, Songwriter, and producer for the bands A Perfect Circle The band's latest line-up featured Jeordie White (Marilyn Manson and formerly of Nine Inch Nails tour line-up) on bass, James Iha (formerly of The Smashing Pumpkins) on guitar, and prolific session drummer Josh Freese (also known from Nine Inch Nails tour line-up). Jeordie Osbourne White (born June 20 1971 also known by his pseudonym Twiggy Ramirez (derived from Twiggy, a fashion icon and Richard Ramirez, Marilyn Manson is an American Alternative metal band based in Los Angeles California. James Yoshinobu Iha ( Japanese 井葉吉伸 Iha Yoshinobu or ジェームス・イハ Jēmusu Iha) born March 26, 1968 in The Smashing Pumpkins are an American Alternative rock band that formed in Chicago, Illinois in 1988 Josh Freese (born December 25, 1972) is an American session drummer and songwriter

Although the group never officially disbanded, A Perfect Circle has been on hiatus since 2006, having not written new material, toured or recorded; but the band's personnel have kept busy with other projects.

Contents

History

Mer de Noms (1999–2001)

A Perfect Circle is the brainchild of Billy Howerdel, a former guitar tech for bands such as Nine Inch Nails, The Smashing Pumpkins, Fishbone and Tool. A guitar technician (or 'guitar tech' is a Crew person with a specialized skill set (like many crew people must have these days The Smashing Pumpkins are an American Alternative rock band that formed in Chicago, Illinois in 1988 Fishbone is an Alternative rock band that plays a fusion of Ska, Punk rock, Reggae, Funk, heavy metal and more Tool is an American rock band that was formed in 1990 in Los Angeles, California. He played demos of his music to Tool's singer, Maynard James Keenan, who offered himself as vocalist should Howerdel ever form a band. Maynard James Keenan (born James Herbert Keenan on April 17 1964 When Keenan was 11 his mother suffered a paralyzing Cerebral aneurysm, which would later serve as Although initially hesitant about this, as he originally wanted a female vocalist,[1] Howerdel eventually agreed and A Perfect Circle was formed in 1999. They were then joined by bassist/violinist Paz Lenchantin, guitarist Troy Van Leeuwen, formerly of Failure and drummer Tim Alexander, formerly of Primus. Paz Lenchantin (born December 12, 1973 in Mar del Plata, Argentina is an Argentine - American musician Troy Van Leeuwen (born January 5, 1970 in Los Angeles California) is an American Guitarist who currently plays Lap steel guitar Failure was an influential American Rock band (often also classified as Alternative rock and/or Space rock) that was active from 1990 to Tim "Herb" Alexander (born April 10, 1965 in Cherry Point North Carolina) is an American Musician, best known as Primus is an American rock band currently composed of singer and bassist Les Claypool, guitarist Larry "Ler" LaLonde, and After some rehearsals and warm-up shows, the band hit the studio. Alexander was soon replaced with session drummer and member of The Vandals, Josh Freese, but his performance can still be heard on the album version of the song "The Hollow". The Vandals are an American Punk rock band formed in 1980 in Huntington Beach California and currently recording for Kung Fu Records.

After finishing their debut album, Mer de Noms (French for "Sea of Names"), and playing a handful of shows in California, they hit the road, opening for Nine Inch Nails on the 2000 Fragility v2. Mer de Noms is the first studio album by the Alternative rock band A Perfect Circle. 0 tour. [2] Upon completion, they embarked on a number of headlining tours all over the world, and played the Canadian touring festival Summersault in the Summer of 2000. This page is about the 1998 and 2000 Canadian music festivals To distinguish himself from his persona with Tool, Keenan wore long wigs on his otherwise bald scalp for all of A Perfect Circle's music videos, photo shoots and live performances.

"Judith", the first single from the Mer de Noms album, is about Keenans's mother, who suffered a stroke when he was 11. " Judith " is a song written composed and recorded by the Alternative rock band A Perfect Circle. [3] The song "Renholdër" reads Re:D. Daniel Patrick Lohner (born December 13, 1970 in Corpus Christi, Texas) most commonly known as Lohner backwards, referring to Danny Lohner. Daniel Patrick Lohner (born December 13, 1970 in Corpus Christi, Texas) most commonly known as

Thirteenth Step / Emotive (2002–2005)

While preparing for their second album, APC lost two of its members, Paz Lenchantin & Troy Van Leeuwen. Lenchantin left to join Billy Corgan's new band Zwan, while Van Leeuwen left to become the new guitarist for Queens of the Stone Age. William Patrick Corgan Jr (born March 17, 1967 in Elk Grove Village Illinois) is an American Singer, Songwriter, Zwan was an American Alternative rock " supergroup " that was formed by members of The Smashing Pumpkins, Slint, Queens of the Stone Age (also known as QOTSA or simply Queens) are a rock band from Palm Desert, California, United States These two were soon replaced by ex-Marilyn Manson bassist Jeordie White (formerly known as Twiggy Ramirez), and guitarist Danny Lohner, who had been involved in the production of both records thus far. Marilyn Manson is an American Alternative metal band based in Los Angeles California. Jeordie Osbourne White (born June 20 1971 also known by his pseudonym Twiggy Ramirez (derived from Twiggy, a fashion icon and Richard Ramirez, Jeordie Osbourne White (born June 20 1971 also known by his pseudonym Twiggy Ramirez (derived from Twiggy, a fashion icon and Richard Ramirez, Daniel Patrick Lohner (born December 13, 1970 in Corpus Christi, Texas) most commonly known as However, Lohner didn't quite fit as a second guitarist, and performed only on the track "The Noose" on the second album. The band opted to leave touring duties to their newest addition, former Smashing Pumpkins guitarist James Iha. The Smashing Pumpkins are an American Alternative rock band that formed in Chicago, Illinois in 1988 James Yoshinobu Iha ( Japanese 井葉吉伸 Iha Yoshinobu or ジェームス・イハ Jēmusu Iha) born March 26, 1968 in

The band released their second album, Thirteenth Step, on September 16, 2003, and toured throughout North America, Europe and Japan for the remainder of the year. Thirteenth Step is the second studio album by the American rock band A Perfect Circle. Events 1400 - Owain Glyndŵr is declared Prince of Wales by his followers Year 2003 ( MMIII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. In 2004, the band continued touring in Australia, Japan, New Zealand and Europe, concluding touring in the late Spring in the United States.

A third album, Emotive, was released on November 2, 2004, which contains anti-war cover songs of artists such as John Lennon and Joni Mitchell. Emotive (typeset as eMOTIVe on the album is the third album by American Alternative rock band A Perfect Circle. Events 1570 - A Tidal wave in the North Sea devastates the coast from Holland to Jutland, killing more than 1000 "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " John Winston Ono Lennon, MBE (born Joni Mitchell, CC (born Roberta Joan Anderson on November 7 1943) is a Canadian Musician, Songwriter, and Emotive was recorded with various different past and present members of the band, but mostly by Keenan and Howerdel. The song "Passive" that appeared on the album was adapted from the defunct band Tapeworm (also known as The Tapeworm Project). Tapeworm is a defunct Side project of Nine Inch Nails which existed in various forms from 1995 to roughly 2004 Tapeworm was essentially a project involving Keenan, Trent Reznor (of Nine Inch Nails) and Danny Lohner. Trent Reznor (born Michael Trent Reznor on May 17 1965 is an American Musician, singer producer, and Multi-instrumentalist. The project never fully developed, perhaps due to contractual conflicts that could not be negotiated. During several shows on their tour in early 2001, A Perfect Circle played a cover of an unreleased Tapeworm song, then apparently titled "Vacant" (also referred to as "Perfect Enemy"). The song remained unreleased by any artist until it appeared on Emotive as the song "Passive".

On November 16, 2004, the band released the DVD and CD set entitled aMotion. Events 534 - A second and final revision of the Codex Justinianus is published "MMIV" redirects here For the Modest Mouse album see " Baron von Bullshit Rides Again " aMotion is a DVD - CD set released by American rock band A Perfect Circle. The set contains music videos of the singles, some previously unreleased videos, and some b-sides and remixes.

Hiatus (2006–present)

The future of A Perfect Circle remains uncertain. They are currently on hiatus, partly due to Keenan's commitments with Tool. They experienced a considerable amount of downtime during the recording, release and tour for Tool's previous album Lateralus, which made the band extremely dynamic in terms of its members. Lateralus (pronounced) is the third full-length album by American Progressive metal band Tool. During the downtime, other members of the band sought other projects, and thus were unavailable when A Perfect Circle reformed.

For now, Keenan is touring with Tool and working on his side project, Puscifer, for which he released the first album, V Is for Vagina, on October 30, 2007. Puscifer (ˈpʊsɨfɚ is a Side project of Maynard James Keenan from the bands Tool and A Perfect Circle. "V" Is for Vagina is the first regular studio album by Maynard James Keenan 's Side project Puscifer, released on. Events 637 - Antioch surrenders to the Muslim forces under Rashidun Caliphate after the Battle of Iron bridge. Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. [4] Howerdel and Freese have formed a new band called Ashes Divide with Maynard Keenan's son Devo Keenan. Ashes Divide (commonly typeset as ASHES dIVIDE, to fit their logo is an American rock band formed by guitarist Billy Howerdel Devo H Keenan (born August 5, 1995) is an American cellist. Devo named after the famous band, is the son of Tool Freese and White toured with Nine Inch Nails, White rejoined Marilyn Manson, and Iha is currently touring with Vanessa and the O's in Europe. Vanessa and the O's formed in 2003/2004 when Vanessa Contenay-Quinones got together with Swedes Andreas Mattson ( Popsicle) and Niclas Frisk ( Atomic

When asked about A Perfect Circle's future, Billy Howerdel stated in a May 2006 interview with MTV, "[Maynard and I have] talked about it lightly. A few months ago, it was like, 'If we did A Perfect Circle again, I'd want to do this or that. ' It was a benign conversation. I think we both entertain the fact that it could happen again, but for right now we don't have any plans to do it again. We're focusing on what we're doing now. A Perfect Circle is done for now. "[5]

The band's official website was updated September 19, 2006 with the following message: "The Sleeper Must Awaken: Peace. Events 335 - Dalmatius is raised to the rank of Caesar by his uncle Constantine I. Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Sorry it's been a while since we've posted. Been busy. Billy is hard at work on his solo project and I'm on the road with Tool, working on the www. puscifer. com website, and making wine in between all that. No telling when Billy will be finished with his new material, but what I've heard is very promising. I forgot to post lyrics for 13th step and Emotive so I'll get on that soon. Check back often. Peace out. mjk". There was another entry dated September 30, 2006, announcing the launch of www. Events 1399 - Henry IV is proclaimed King of England. 1744 - France and Spain defeat the Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. puscifer. com. As of May 2008, there have been no further updates to the site.

Possible return

A November issue of Spin featuring Keenan read, ". Spin is a Music Magazine that reports on Music for Life Founded in 1985 by publisher Bob Guccione Jr . . he teamed with guitarist Billy Howerdel on A Perfect Circle, a diversion that let Keenan romp on a less dark rock landscape and yielded its own financial riches — low-hanging fruit he's been happy to let wither. Will there ever be another APC album? 'Um, no,' is his reply. 'Maybe, someday, a song on a soundtrack. But an album? No. ' "[6]

In a December 2007 interview with Revolver, as he discussed the other members of A Perfect Circle's recent activities and also hinted at the possibility of a reunion, Keenan stated:

The real problem with running Tool and A Perfect Circle at the same time was they both operate the same way. Revolver is a monthly Hard rock and heavy metal magazine published by Future US. They're both live touring bands with a label, still working under the old contract mentality. So I thought it was time to let A Perfect Circle go for now and let Billy explore himself. It's tough for a guy who went from being a guitar tech [for Tool] to being in a band with a pretentious, famous singer and having to live in that shadow. It was important for Billy to go and do his own thing and really explore his own sound and let people hear what he has to say and how he would do it on his own, and then we'll get back and do some A Perfect Circle stuff.

Maynard James Keenan, Revolver, December 2007[7]

In his May 2008 Puscifer newsletter, Keenan stated that A Perfect Circle, though on hiatus, is "still alive and well" but did not mention his own future involvement with the band. Revolver is a monthly Hard rock and heavy metal magazine published by Future US.

Band members

Stable members

Others

All members had some contribution or another to aMotion, and all are listed in its liner notes in the above order. Paz Lenchantin (born December 12, 1973 in Mar del Plata, Argentina is an Argentine - American musician Troy Van Leeuwen (born January 5, 1970 in Los Angeles California) is an American Guitarist who currently plays Lap steel guitar Thirteenth Step is the second studio album by the American rock band A Perfect Circle. Tim "Herb" Alexander (born April 10, 1965 in Cherry Point North Carolina) is an American Musician, best known as

Last lineup

Owing to Iha and White's commitments elsewhere, the "Passive" video featured the lineup of Keenan, Howerdel, Freese, Lohner and Lenchantin. An aborted performance of that single scheduled for The Tonight Show was cancelled at the last minute, and would have included the same members. The Tonight Show with Jay Leno as appropriate --> The Tonight Show is a long-running

Howerdel had mentioned in November 2004 that the next incarnation of the band would definitely contain Keenan and himself, and most likely Josh Freese, though as of 2008 it is not known if there will be another A Perfect Circle ensemble.

Discography

AlbumYearBillboard 200 peakRIAA certification
Mer de Noms20004Platinum
Thirteenth Step20032Platinum
Emotive20042Gold

Compilation appearances

TrackSoundtrackYear
"Judith (Renholdër Mix)"Underworld soundtrack2003
"Weak and Powerless" (Tilling My Grave Mix)
"The Outsider (Renholdër Apocalypse Mix)"Resident Evil: Apocalypse soundtrack2004
"Weak and Powerless"MTV2 Headbanger's Ball: Volume 22004
"Passive"Constantine soundtrack (film appearance only)2005

Music videos

Singles

YearTitleChart positionsAlbum
U.S. Hot 100U.S. 100 AirplayU.S. Modern RockU.S. Mainstream Rock
2000"Judith"105-54Mer de Noms
2000"3 Libras"--1212Mer De Noms
2001"The Hollow"--1714Mer De Noms
2003"Weak and Powerless"61601 (2 weeks)1Thirteenth Step
2003"The Outsider"797553Thirteenth Step
2004"Blue"--2119Thirteenth Step
2004"Counting Bodies Like Sheep to the Rhythm of the War Drums"----Emotive
2004"Imagine"--2626Emotive
2005"Passive"--1414Emotive

References

  1. ^ Ashes Divide bio. The Billboard 200 is a ranking of the 200 highest-selling music albums and EPs in the United States, published weekly by Billboard In the United States, the Recording Industry Association of America awards certification based on the number of Albums and singles sold through retail and Mer de Noms is the first studio album by the Alternative rock band A Perfect Circle. Thirteenth Step is the second studio album by the American rock band A Perfect Circle. Emotive (typeset as eMOTIVe on the album is the third album by American Alternative rock band A Perfect Circle. Underworld is the original Soundtrack album released for the 2003 film of the same name. MTV2 Headbangers Ball Volume 2 is the second in a series of heavy metal Compilation albums released in conjunction with the MTV program Headbangers Constantine is a 2005 American Film based on Vertigo Comics ' Hellblazer Comic book, with some " Judith " is a song written composed and recorded by the Alternative rock band A Perfect Circle. Mer de Noms is the first studio album by the Alternative rock band A Perfect Circle. David Leo Fincher (born August 28, 1962) is an American film and Music video director known for his dark and stylish portraits of " 3 Libras " is a song by Alternative rock band A Perfect Circle, featured on their debut album Mer de Noms. " Weak and Powerless " is the first single by the Alternative rock band A Perfect Circle, from their second album Thirteenth Step Thirteenth Step is the second studio album by the American rock band A Perfect Circle. Brothers Greg and Colin Strause (known as Brothers Strause) are a directing duo and Special effects " The Outsider " is a song from A Perfect Circle 's second album Thirteenth Step. " Blue " is the last single released from the Alternative rock band A Perfect Circle 's 2003 album Thirteenth Step. "Counting Bodies Like Sheep to the Rhythm of the War Drums" is the tenth track on the album EMOTIVe by Alternative rock band A Perfect " Imagine " is a song by John Lennon, which appears on his 1971 album Imagine. " Passive " is a song by the Alternative rock group A Perfect Circle. " Weak and Powerless " is the first single by the Alternative rock band A Perfect Circle, from their second album Thirteenth Step aMotion is a DVD - CD set released by American rock band A Perfect Circle. The Invisible is a 2007 Supernatural thriller starring Justin Chatwin, Margarita Levieva, Chris Marquette The Hot 100 Airplay is a chart released weekly by Billboard magazine in the United States. Hot Modern Rock Tracks (originally called Modern Rock Tracks) is a music chart in the United States that has appeared in ''Billboard'' magazine since September Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks (originally called Mainstream Rock Tracks) is a ranking in Billboard magazine of the most-played songs on Mainstream rock " Judith " is a song written composed and recorded by the Alternative rock band A Perfect Circle. Mer de Noms is the first studio album by the Alternative rock band A Perfect Circle. " 3 Libras " is a song by Alternative rock band A Perfect Circle, featured on their debut album Mer de Noms. "The Hollow" is a single from A Perfect Circle's 2000 album Mer de Noms. " Weak and Powerless " is the first single by the Alternative rock band A Perfect Circle, from their second album Thirteenth Step Thirteenth Step is the second studio album by the American rock band A Perfect Circle. " The Outsider " is a song from A Perfect Circle 's second album Thirteenth Step. " Blue " is the last single released from the Alternative rock band A Perfect Circle 's 2003 album Thirteenth Step. "Counting Bodies Like Sheep to the Rhythm of the War Drums" is the tenth track on the album EMOTIVe by Alternative rock band A Perfect Emotive (typeset as eMOTIVe on the album is the third album by American Alternative rock band A Perfect Circle. " Imagine " is a song by John Lennon, which appears on his 1971 album Imagine. " Passive " is a song by the Alternative rock group A Perfect Circle. The Gauntlet. Retrieved on 2008-03-29. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1461 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Towton - Edward of York defeats Queen Margaret to become King
  2. ^ Zahlaway, Jon (2000-12-08). 2000 ( MM) was a Leap year that started on Saturday of the Common Era, in accordance with the Gregorian calendar. Events 1609 - Biblioteca Ambrosiana opens its reading room the second public library of Europe. "A Perfect Circle lines up winter headlining tour". LiveDaily. Retrieved on 2008-03-29. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1461 - Wars of the Roses: Battle of Towton - Edward of York defeats Queen Margaret to become King
  3. ^ McAlley, John (2007-11-03) "I, Puscifer". Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 644 - Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Muslim Caliph, is killed by a Persian slave in Medina. Spin. Spin is a Music Magazine that reports on Music for Life Founded in 1985 by publisher Bob Guccione Jr Retrieved on 2008-01-16. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 27 BC - The title Augustus is bestowed upon Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian by the Roman Senate.
  4. ^ McKibbin, Adam (2007-10-29). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 437 - Valentinian III, Western Roman Emperor, marries Licinia Eudoxia, daughter of his cousin Theodosius II "Interview: Puscifer's Maynard James Keenan". Artistdirect, p. Founded in 1994, Artistdirect Inc is an online digital media entertainment company 2. Retrieved on 2008-01-21. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 1189 - Philip II of France and Richard I of England begin to assemble troops to wage the Third Crusade.
  5. ^ Harris, Chris (2006-05-16). Year 2006 ( MMVI) was a Common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. Events 1204 - Baldwin IX Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire. "'A Perfect Circle Is Done For Now,' Says Billy Howerdel". MTV.com. MTV ( Music Television) is an American Cable television network based in New York City. Retrieved on 2008-01-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 98 - Trajan becomes Roman Emperor after the death of Nerva.
  6. ^ McAlley, John (2007-11-03). Year 2007 ( MMVII) was a Common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. Events 644 - Umar ibn al-Khattab, the second Muslim Caliph, is killed by a Persian slave in Medina. "I, Puscifer". Spin Magazine. Spin is a Music Magazine that reports on Music for Life Founded in 1985 by publisher Bob Guccione Jr Retrieved on 2008-01-27. 2008 ( MMVIII) is the current year in accordance with the Gregorian calendar, a Leap year that started on Tuesday of the Common Events 98 - Trajan becomes Roman Emperor after the death of Nerva.
  7. ^ Wiederhorn, Jon (December 2007). "Gynormous". Revolver. Revolver is a monthly Hard rock and heavy metal magazine published by Future US.

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