| AIM-120 AMRAAM | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Type | Medium-range, air-to-air tactical missile |
| Service history | |
| In service | September 1991 |
| Production history | |
| Manufacturer | Hughes/Raytheon |
| Unit cost | $386,000 (2003); $299,000 (price for Lot 12 contract in April 1998; the previous price in Lot 11 was $340,000 each) |
| Specifications | |
| Weight | 335 lb (152 kg) |
| Length | 12 ft (3. Hughes Aircraft Company was a major aerospace and defense company founded by Howard Hughes. Raytheon Company ( is a major American Defense contractor and industrial corporation with core Manufacturing concentrations in Defense systems 66 m) |
| Diameter | 7 in (178 mm) |
| Warhead | High explosive blast-fragmentation AIM-120A/B: 50 pounds (23 kg) WDU-33/B blast-fragmentation AIM-120C-5: 40 pounds (18 kg) WDU-41/B blast-fragmentation |
| Engine | High-performance directed rocket motor |
| Wingspan | 20. An explosive material is a material that either is chemically or otherwise Energetically unstable or produces a sudden expansion of the material usually accompanied Fragmentation is the process by which the casing of an Artillery shell, Bomb, Grenade, etc is shattered by the detonating 7 in (526 mm) (AIM-120A/B) |
| Operational range | AIM-120A/B: 75 km (45 mi) AIM-120C-5: 105 km (65 mi) |
| Speed | Mach 4 |
| Guidance system | INS, active radar |
| Launch platform | Aircraft: |
The AIM-120 Advanced Medium-Range Air-to-Air Missile, or AMRAAM (pronounced am-ram), is a modern Beyond Visual Range (BVR) air-to-air missile (AAM) capable of all weather day and night performance. Mach number (\mathrm{Ma} or M (generally ˈmɑːk sometimes /ˈmɑːx/ or /ˈmæk/ is the speed of an object moving through air or any Fluid WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout NASAMS (Norwegian Advanced Surface to Air Missile System is a distributed and networked medium to long range air-defence system. A Beyond Visual Range Missile usually refers to an Air-to-air missile that is capable of engaging at ranges beyond 20 Nautical An air-to-air missile ( AAM) is a guided Missile fired from an Aircraft for the purpose of destroying another aircraft A missile (see also pronunciation differences) is a self-propelled explosive Projectile used as a weapon towards a target It is also commonly known as the Slammer in USAF service. When an AMRAAM missile is being launched, NATO pilots use the brevity code Fox Three in radio communication, as with all active-guidance missiles. The North Atlantic Treaty Multiservice Tactical Brevity Codes are codes used by various military air forces and air defense personnel Fox is a Brevity code used by NATO pilots to signal the simulated or actual release of an Air-to-air munition or other combat function
Contents |
Origins
AIM-7 Sparrow MRM
The AIM-7 Sparrow medium range missile (MRM) was developed by the US Navy in the 1950s as its first operational BVR air-to-air weapon. The AIM-7 Sparrow is a medium-range Semi-active radar homing Air-to-air missile operated by the United States Air Force, United States Navy With an effective range of about 12 miles (19 km), it was introduced as a radar beam riding missile and then improved to a semi-active radar guided missile which would home in on reflections from a target illuminated by the radar of the launching aircraft. Semi-active radar homing, or SARH, is a common type of Missile guidance system perhaps the most common type for longer range air-to-air and Surface-to-air It was effective at visual to beyond visual range. The early beam riding versions of the Sparrow missiles were integrated onto the F3H Demon and F7U Cutlass, but the definitive AIM-7 Sparrow was the primary weapon for the all weather, gun-less F-4 Phantom II fighter/interceptor with up to four carried in special recesses under the fuselage. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout
Although designed for non maneuvering targets such as bombers, due to poor performance against fighters over North Vietnam, these missiles were progressively improved until they proved effective in dogfights. Together with the short range infrared guided AIM-9 Sidewinder, they replaced the AIM-4 Falcon IR and radar guided series for use in air combat by the USAF as well. The AIM-9 Sidewinder is a heat-seeking, short-range Air-to-air missile carried by Fighter aircraft and recently certain gunship helicopters The Hughes AIM-4 Falcon was the first operational guided Air-to-air missile of the United States Air Force. A disadvantage to semi-active homing was that only one target could be illuminated by the launch aircraft at a time; also, the launch aircraft had to remain pointed in the direction of the target (within the azimuth of the aircraft radar, up to 60 degrees off the nose on some systems), which could be difficult or dangerous in combat.
AIM-54 Phoenix LRM
The US Navy later developed the AIM-54 Phoenix long range missile (LRM) for the fleet air defense mission. The AIM-54 Phoenix is a radar-guided long-range air-to-air Missile, carried in clusters of up to six missiles — formerly on the U It was an impressive 1000 lb (500 kg) Mach 5 missile designed to counter cruise missiles and their (Bomber) launch platforms. It was intended that eight of its first incarnation would be fitted to the straight-wing F6D Missileer, and then the F-111B. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Neither aircraft was introduced into service and Grumman won the competition to replace the F-111B with a dogfighter with enough weight and volume for the Phoenix that became the F-14 Tomcat. Phoenix was the first US fire-and-forget multiple launch radar-guided missile: one which used its own active guidance system to guide itself without help from the launch aircraft when it closed on its target. Fire-and-forget is a third-generation method of Missile guidance This gave a Tomcat with a six Phoenix load the unprecedented capability of tracking and destroying up to six targets as far as 100 miles (160 km) away.
The Phoenix could only be carried by the huge 60000 lb (27200 kg) F-14, making the Tomcat the only US fighter with a multiple shot, fire-and-forget radar missile. A full load of six Phoenix weighed 6000 lb (2700 kg), and with the additional 2000 lb (900 kg) of dedicated launcher, it was so heavy it exceeded a typical Vietnam era bomb load; typically only two or four missiles were flown off the carrier as a full load was too heavy to be brought back on board for landing. Although highly lauded in the press, its operational service with the US Navy was primarily as a deterrent as its use was hampered by restrictive Rules of Engagement and the only reported combat successes were with Iranian Tomcats against Iraqi opponents. In Military or Police operations the rules of engagement ( ROE) determine when where and how force shall be used (for example a submarine of The US Navy retired its Phoenix capability in 2005 in light of availability of the AIM-120 AMRAAM on the F/A-18 Hornet. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout
ACEVAL/AIMVAL
The Department of Defense conducted an extensive evaluation of air combat tactics and missile technology from 1974-78 at Nellis AFB using the F-14 Tomcat and F-15 Eagle equipped with Sparrow and Sidewinder missiles as blue force and Aggressor F-5E aircraft equipped with AIM-9L all-aspect Sidewinders as the Red force. The United States Department of Defense ( DOD or DoD) is the federal department charged with coordinating and supervising all agencies and functions of the government Nellis Air Force Base is a United States Air Force base located in Clark County, Nevada. The AIM-9 Sidewinder is a heat-seeking, short-range Air-to-air missile carried by Fighter aircraft and recently certain gunship helicopters An all-aspect missile is one which is able to track a target no matter which way the target faces relative to the missile This Joint Test and Evaluaton JT&E was designated Air Combat Evaluation/Air Intercept Missile Evaluation (ACEVAL/AIMVAL)[2]. The United States Department of Defense chartered two back to back Joint Test & Evaluations that ran from 1974-78 at Nellis AFB. The United States Department of Defense chartered two back to back Joint Test & Evaluations that ran from 1974-78 at Nellis AFB. A principal finding was the necessity to produce illumination for the Sparrow until impact resulted in the Red Force being able to launch their all-aspect Sidewinders before impact thereby resulting in mutual kills. What was needed was Phoenix type multiple launch and terminal active capability in a Sparrow size airframe. This led to a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) with European allies (principally the UK and Germany for development) for the US develop an Advanced Medium Range Air-to-Air Missile with the USAF as lead service. A memorandum of agreement (MOA or cooperative agreement is a document written between parties to cooperatively work together on an agreed upon project or meet an agreed upon objective The AIM-120 Advanced Medium-Range Air-to-Air Missile, or AMRAAM (pronounced am-ram is a modern Beyond Visual Range (BVR air-to-air Missile The MOA also assigned responsibility for development of an Advanced Short Range Air-to-Air Missile to the European team.
Requirements
By the 1990s, the reliability of the Sparrow had improved so much from the dismal days of Vietnam that it accounted for the largest number of aerial targets destroyed in Desert Storm, and proved effective against the Mach 3 MiG-25 Foxbat. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout But while the USAF had passed on the Phoenix and their own similar AIM-47/YF-12 to optimize dogfight performance, they still desired the Navy's multiple launch fire and forget capability for the F-15 and F-16. The Hughes AIM-47 Falcon, originally GAR-9, was a very long-range high-performance Air-to-air missile that shared the basic design of the earlier AIM-4 WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout AMRAAM would need to be fitted on fighters as small as the F-16, and fit in the same spaces that were designed to fit the Sparrow since the Phantom. The European partners needed AMRAAM to be integrated on aircraft as small as the Sea Harrier. The US Navy needed AMRAAM to be carried on the F/A-18 Hornet and wanted capability for two to be carried on a launcher that normally carried one Sparrow to allow for more air-to-ground weapons.
AMRAAM would eventually be the primary weapon for the F-22 Raptor which needed to fit all its missiles in internal weapons bays like the old F-106 Delta Darts in order to maintain a stealthy radar cross-section. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Radar cross section (RCS is a measure of how detectable an object is with a Radar. The US Navy ultimately decided to retire its Tomcats and pass the Fleet Air Defense mission to the F/A-18C and F/A-18E/F Hornets, which needed even more advanced versions of AMRAAM to replace the Phoenix capability.
Development
AMRAAM was developed as the result of an agreement, the Family of Weapons Memorandum of Agreement no longer in effect by 1990, among the United States and several other NATO nations to develop air-to-air missiles and to share production technology. A memorandum of agreement (MOA or cooperative agreement is a document written between parties to cooperatively work together on an agreed upon project or meet an agreed upon objective The North Atlantic Treaty Under this agreement the U. S. was to develop the next generation medium range missile (AMRAAM) and Europe would develop the next generation short range missile (ASRAAM). The AIM-132 Advanced Short Range Air-to-Air Missile is a British Infrared homing ("heat seeking" Air-to-air missile. When the German ASRAAM seeker development ran into problems, the MOA was abrogated and this breakdown led to the U. S. developing AIM-9X Sidewinder and Germany the IRIS-T. The AIM-9 Sidewinder is a heat-seeking, short-range Air-to-air missile carried by Fighter aircraft and recently certain gunship helicopters IRIS-T ( Infra Red Imaging System Tail/Thrust Vector-Controlled) is a German -led program to develop a short-range Air-to-air missile to replace the Although Europe initially adopted AMRAAM, an effort to develop the MBDA Meteor, a competitor to AMRAAM was begun. Meteor is an active radar guided beyond-visual-range air to air Missile (BVRAAM being developed by MBDA to equip the Eurofighter Eventually ASRAAM was developed solely by the UK with another source for its seeker. After protracted development, deployment of AMRAAM (AIM-120A) began in September 1991 began with USAF F-15 Eagle squadrons. The US Navy followed suit in 1993 with the F/A-18C.
The eastern counterpart of AMRAAM is the very similar Russian R-77 AA-12 Adder, commonly known in the west as "AMRAAMski. The Russian Air Force ( Russian: Военно-воздушные cилы России transliteration: Voyenno-vozdushnye sily Rossii) is the air force The Russian R-77 (RVV-AE Missile ( NATO reporting name: AA-12 Adder) is a medium range air-to-air active radar-guided missile system " Likewise, France began its own missile development with the MICA concept that used the same airframe for separate radar and IR guidance versions. The MBDA MICA ( Missile d’interception et de combat aérien, “Interception and Aerial Combat Missile” is an anti-air multi-target all weather
Operational features summary
AMRAAM has an all-weather, beyond-visual-range (BVR) capability. It improves the aerial combat capabilities of U. S. and allied aircraft to meet the future threat of enemy air-to-air weapons. AMRAAM serves as a follow-on to the AIM-7 Sparrow missile series. The AIM-7 Sparrow is a medium-range Semi-active radar homing Air-to-air missile operated by the United States Air Force, United States Navy The new missile is faster, smaller, and lighter, and has improved capabilities against low-altitude targets. It also incorporates a datalink to guide the missile to a point where its active radar turns on and makes terminal intercept of the target. An inertial reference unit and micro-computer system makes the missile less dependent upon the fire-control system of the aircraft.
Once the missile closes in on the target, its active radar guides it to intercept. Radar is a system that uses electromagnetic waves to identify the range altitude direction or speed of both moving and fixed objects such as Aircraft, ships This feature, mistakenly called "fire and forget," frees the aircrew from the need to further provide guidance, enabling the aircrew to aim and fire several missiles simultaneously at multiple targets and perform evasive maneuvers while the missiles guide themselves to the targets. Fire-and-forget is a third-generation method of Missile guidance
The missile also features the ability to "Home on Jamming," [1] giving it the ability to switch over from active radar homing to passive homing - homing on jamming signals from the target aircraft. Software on board the missile allows it to detect if it is being jammed, and guide on its target using the proper guidance system. This, contrary to the attack sequence on a non-jamming target, truly can be described as "fire and forget", as it does not require any guidance provided to the missile after launch. Fire-and-forget is a third-generation method of Missile guidance
Guidance system overview
Interception course stage
AMRAAM uses two-stage guidance when fired at long range. The aircraft passes data to the missile just before launch, giving it information about the location of the target aircraft from the launch point and its direction and speed. The missile uses this information to fly on an interception course to the target using its built in inertial navigation system (INS). An Inertial Navigation System (INS is a Navigation aid that uses a Computer and motion sensors to continuously track the position orientation and Velocity This information is generally obtained using the launching aircraft's radar, although it could come from an infra-red search and tracking system (IRST), from a data link from another fighter aircraft, or from an AWACS aircraft. Radar is a system that uses electromagnetic waves to identify the range altitude direction or speed of both moving and fixed objects such as Aircraft, ships Infrared ( IR) radiation is Electromagnetic radiation whose Wavelength is longer than that of Visible light, but shorter than that of An infra-red search and track ( IRST) system (sometimes known as infra-red sighting and tracking) is a method for detecting and tracking objects which give off The Joint Tactical Information Distribution System (JTIDS is an L band TDMA network radio system used by the United States armed forces and their allies
If the firing aircraft or surrogate continues to track the target, periodic updates are sent to the missile telling it of any changes in the target's direction and speed, allowing it to adjust its course so that it is able to close to self-homing distance while keeping the target aircraft in the basket (the radar seeker's field of view) in which it will be able to find it.
Not all AMRAAM users have elected to purchase the mid-course update option, which limits AMRAAM's effectiveness in some scenarios. The RAF initially opted not to use mid-course update for its Tornado F3 force, only to discover that without it, testing proved the AMRAAM was less effective in BVR engagements than the older semi-active radar homing BAE Skyflash weapon—the AIM-120's own radar is necessarily of limited range and power compared to that of the launch aircraft. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Semi-active radar homing, or SARH, is a common type of Missile guidance system perhaps the most common type for longer range air-to-air and Surface-to-air The British Aerospace Skyflash was a medium-range Semi-active radar homing Air-to-air missile derived from the US AIM-7 Sparrow missile
Terminal stage and impact
Once the missile closes to self-homing distance, it turns on its active radar seeker and searches for the target aircraft. If the target is in or near the expected location, the missile will find it and guide itself to the target from this point. If the missile is fired at short range (typically, visual range), it can use its active seeker just after launch, making the missile truly fire-and-forget. Fire-and-forget is a third-generation method of Missile guidance At the point where an AMRAAM switches to autonomous self-guidance, the NATO brevity code "PITBULL" would be called out on the radio, just as "Fox Three" would be called out upon launch. Multiservice Tactical Brevity Codes are codes used by various military air forces and air defense personnel
Kill probability and tactics
General considerations
Once in its terminal mode, the missile's advanced electronic counter countermeasures (ECCM) support and good maneuverability mean that the chance of it hitting or exploding close to the target is high (on the order of 90%), as long as it has enough remaining energy to maneuver with the target if it is evasive. Electronic counter-countermeasures (ECCM describes a variety of practices which attempt to reduce or eliminate the effect of Electronic countermeasures (ECM on electronic The kill probability (Pk) is determined by several factors, including aspect (head-on interception, side-on or tail-chase), altitude, the speed of the missile and the target, and how hard the target can turn. Computer games Simulations models, and Operations research programs often require a mechanism to determine statistically whether the engagement between a weapon and Typically, if the missile has sufficient energy during the terminal phase, which comes from being launched close enough to the target from an aircraft flying high and fast enough, it will have an excellent chance of success. This chance drops as the missile is fired at longer ranges as it runs out of overtake speed at long ranges, and if the target can force the missile to turn it might bleed off enough speed that it can no longer chase the target.
Lower-capability targets
This leads to two main engagement scenarios. If the target is not armed with any medium or long-range fire-and-forget weapons, the attacking aircraft need only to get close enough to the target and launch the AMRAAM. Fire-and-forget is a third-generation method of Missile guidance In these scenarios, the AMRAAM has a high chance of hitting, especially against low-maneuverability targets. The launch distance depends upon whether the target is heading towards or away from the firing aircraft. In a head-on engagement, the missile can be launched at longer range, since the range will be closing fast. In this situation, even if the target turns around, it is unlikely it can speed up and fly away fast enough to avoid being overtaken and hit by the missile (as long as the missile is not released too early). It is also unlikely the enemy can outmaneuver the missile since the closure rate will be so great. In a tail-on engagement, the firing aircraft might have to close to between one-half and one-quarter maximum range (or maybe even closer for a very fast target) in order to give the missile sufficient energy to overtake the targets.
If the targets are armed with missiles, the fire-and-forget nature of the AMRAAM is invaluable, enabling the launching aircraft to fire missiles at the target and then turn and run away. Fire-and-forget is a third-generation method of Missile guidance Even if the targets have longer-range semi-active radar homing (SARH) missiles, they will have to chase the launching aircraft in order for the missiles to track them, effectively flying right into the AMRAAM. Semi-active radar homing, or SARH, is a common type of Missile guidance system perhaps the most common type for longer range air-to-air and Surface-to-air Semi-active radar homing, or SARH, is a common type of Missile guidance system perhaps the most common type for longer range air-to-air and Surface-to-air If the target aircraft fires missiles and then turn and runs away, their own missiles will not be able to hit. Of course, if the target aircraft have long range missiles, even if they are not fire-and-forget, the fact that they force the launching aircraft to turn and run reduces the kill probability, since it is possible that without the mid-course updates the missiles will not find the target aircraft. Fire-and-forget is a third-generation method of Missile guidance However the chance of success is still good and compared to the relative impunity the launching aircraft enjoy, this gives the AMRAAM-equipped aircraft a decisive edge. If one or more missiles fail to hit, the AMRAAM-equipped aircraft can turn and re-engage, although they will be at a disadvantage compared to the chasing aircraft due to the speed they lose in the turn, and would have to be careful that they're not being tracked with SARH missiles. Semi-active radar homing, or SARH, is a common type of Missile guidance system perhaps the most common type for longer range air-to-air and Surface-to-air
Similarly armed targets
The other main engagement scenario is against other aircraft with fire-and-forget missiles like the Vympel R-77 (NATO AA-12 "Adder") — perhaps MiG-29s, Su-27s or similar. Fire-and-forget is a third-generation method of Missile guidance The Russian R-77 (RVV-AE Missile ( NATO reporting name: AA-12 Adder) is a medium range air-to-air active radar-guided missile system WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout In this case engagement is very much down to teamwork and could be described as "a game of chicken. " Both flights of aircraft can fire their missiles at each other beyond visual range (BVR), but then face the problem that if they continue to track the target aircraft in order to provide mid-course updates for the missile's flight, they are also flying into their opponents' missiles. Although in this regard the RVV-AE (which is the missiles export name or R-77 the official Russian Air force designation) does have an advantage as it is faster and has a greater range than the Amraam. The Russian R-77 (RVV-AE Missile ( NATO reporting name: AA-12 Adder) is a medium range air-to-air active radar-guided missile system Meaning that the Russian airplane firing it can in fact fire first, although it still needs to lead the missile towards the target as the missiles own radar seeker has a limited range (under 10km, as on Amraam). This is why teamwork is so important and advanced missiles with guidance systems with hand-off capability can help overcome this problem. This is also part of the reason why most tactics dictate holding on to missiles "until you see the whites of their eyes," or holding on to them for as long as possible.
If the enemy fires missiles at maximum range, you will be able to defeat them easily without having surrendered valuable ordnance yourself. The other main tactic would be to sneak up behind the enemy aircraft and launch missiles without them noticing, giving the launching aircraft sufficient time to leave the danger zone of the enemy after launching. Even if the enemy detects the launch and turns around, the speed and possibly altitude it loses during the turn puts its missiles at an energy disadvantage which may be sufficient for the other aircraft to defeat it. This typically requires excellent ground-control intercept (GCI) or airborne radar (AWACS — Airborne Warning and Control System) facilities in order to be successful. Ground-controlled interception (GCI an air defense tactic whereby one or more Radar stations are linked to a command communications center guides Interceptor
Variants and upgrades
Air-to-air missile versions
There are currently three variants of AMRAAM, all in service with the United States Air Force and USN. The AIM-120A is no longer in production and shares the enlarged wings and fins with the successor AIM-120B currently in production. The AIM-120C has smaller "clipped" aerosurfaces to enable internal carriage on the USAF F-22 Raptor. AIM-120B deliveries began in 1994, and AIM-120C deliveries began in 1996.
The AIM-120C has been steadily upgraded since it was introduced. The AIM-120C-6 contained an improved fuse (Target Detection Device) compared to its predecessor. The AIM-120C-7 development began in 1998 and included improvements in homing and greater range (actual amount of improvement unspecified). It was successfully tested in 2003 and is currently being introduced into active service (early 2005). It helped the U.S. Navy replace the F-14 Tomcats with F/A-18E/F Super Hornets – the loss of the F-14's long-range AIM-54 Phoenix missiles (already retired) can be partially offset with a longer-range AMRAAM, but note that the AMRAAM does not have a longer range than the Phoenix. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The AIM-54 Phoenix is a radar-guided long-range air-to-air Missile, carried in clusters of up to six missiles — formerly on the U
The AIM-120D is a planned upgraded version of the AMRAAM with improvements in almost all areas, including 50% greater range (than the already long range AIM-120C-7) and better guidance over its entire flight envelope yielding an improved kill probability (PK). Computer games Simulations models, and Operations research programs often require a mechanism to determine statistically whether the engagement between a weapon and
There are also plans for Raytheon to develop a Ramjet-powered derivative of the AMRAAM, the Future Medium Range Air-Air Missile (FMRAAM). Raytheon Company ( is a major American Defense contractor and industrial corporation with core Manufacturing concentrations in Defense systems A ramjet, sometimes referred to as a stovepipe jet, or an athodyd, is a form of Jet engine that contains no major Moving parts. It is not known whether the FMRAAM will be produced since the target market, the British Ministry of Defence has chosen the Meteor missile over the FMRAAM for a BVR missile for the Eurofighter Typhoon aircraft. Meteor is an active radar guided beyond-visual-range air to air Missile (BVRAAM being developed by MBDA to equip the Eurofighter A Beyond Visual Range Missile usually refers to an Air-to-air missile that is capable of engaging at ranges beyond 20 Nautical WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout
Ground-launch systems
Raytheon successfully tested launching AMRAAM missiles from a five-missile carrier on a HMMWV (hum-vee). Raytheon Company ( is a major American Defense contractor and industrial corporation with core Manufacturing concentrations in Defense systems This article refers to the Military HMMWV not the civilian Hummer sold by General Motors The M998 High Mobility Multipurpose Wheeled They receive their initial guidance information from a radar not mounted on the vehicle (probably the MPQ-64 Sentinel radar system or possibly a PATRIOT missile battery radar) and help to provide low-level, close-in defence while the PATRIOT system engages targets at higher altitudes and further ranges. The AN/MPQ-64 Sentinel is a three-dimensional Radar used to alert and queue Short Range Air Defense (SHORAD Weapons to the locations of hostile targets The MIM-104 Patriot is a Surface-to-air missile (SAM system the primary of its kind used by the United States Army and several allied nations The missile's range would be lower when launched from the ground, due to the lack of speed or altitude of the launch vehicle. This system will be known as the SLAMRAAM (Surface Launched (SL) and AMRAAM).
The Norwegian Advanced Surface-to-Air Missile System (NASAMS), developed by Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace, consists of a number of vehicle-pulled launch batteries (containing six AMRAAMs each) along with separate radar trucks and control station vehicles. NASAMS (Norwegian Advanced Surface to Air Missile System is a distributed and networked medium to long range air-defence system. Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace (KDA, one of two operating companies of Kongsberg Gruppen (KOG of Norway, is a supplier of defence and space related
Operators
- Royal Australian Air Force
- F/A-18 Hornet (retrofitted during the Hornet Upgrade Program)
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- Royal Air Force of Oman (RAFO)
In early 2006 the Pakistan Air Force ordered 500 AIM-120C-5 AMRAAM missiles as part of a $650mn F-16 ammunition deal to equip the PAF's F-16C/D Block 52+ and F-16A/B MLU. For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Australia topics. The Royal Australian Air Force ( RAAF) is the Air Force branch of the Australian Defence Force. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The Kingdom of Belgium is a Country in northwest Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts its headquarters as well as those The Air Component, formerly the Belgian Air Force, is the air arm of the Belgian Armed Forces. The Kingdom of Bahrain (in مملكة البحرين,, literally Kingdom of the Two Seas) is an Island country in the Persian Gulf The Royal Bahraini Air Force (RBAF was formerly known as Bahrain Amiri Air Force (BAAF but since the elections of 14 February 2002, the state Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Mission AIRCOM is responsible for all aircraft operations in the Canadian Forces enforcing the security of Canada's airspace and providing aircraft for supporting the missions of WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Chile, officially the Republic of Chile ( Spanish:) is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow Coastal strip wedged between the The Chilean Air Force ( Spanish: Fuerza Aérea de Chile, FACH) is the Air force of Chile, a branch of the Chilean military The Czech Republic ( ˈt͡ʃɛskaː ˈrɛpuˌblɪka short form in Česko ˈt͡ʃɛskɔ also called Czechia, The Czech Air Force, ICAO code CEF is the Air force branch of the Armed Forces of the Czech Republic. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The Kingdom of Denmark ( ˈd̥ænmɑɡ̊ (archaic ˈd̥anmɑːɡ̊ commonly known as Denmark, is a country in the Scandinavian region of northern Europe The Royal Danish Air Force ( Danish: Flyvevåbnet) is the Air force of Denmark, it is an expeditionary Air Force with capability organised Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. The Finnish Air Force (FAF ( Finnish: Ilmavoimat, Swedish: Flygvapnet) is one of the branches of the Finnish Defence Forces. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. ( German 'luftvafe is a generic German term for an Air force. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία The Hellenic Air Force ( HAF) (in Πολεμική Αεροπορία ( ΠΑ) Polemikí Aeroporía, literally "Military Aviation" Hungary (Magyarország 'mɔɟɔrorsaːg) officially in English the Republic of Hungary ( Magyar Köztársaság, literally Magyar (Hungarian Republic The Hungarian Air Force is the Air force branch of the Hungarian Army. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Israel topics. The Israeli Air Force ( IAF; Hebrew: זרוע האויר והחלל Zroa HaAvir VeHahalal, "Air and Space Arm" commonly known as חיל WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Italy (Italia officially the Italian Republic, (Repubblica Italiana is located on the Italian Peninsula in Southern Europe, and on the two largest The Aeronautica Militare is the Air force of Italy. It has held a prominent role in modern Italian military history. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Jordan, officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (الأردنّ al-Urdunn) is an Arab country in Southwest Asia spanning the southern The Royal Jordanian Air Force (RJAF (Arabic سلاح الجو الملكي الأردني, Transliterated Silah al-Jaw Almalaki al-Urduni in Arabic South Korea, officially the Republic of Korea and often referred to as Korea ( Korean: 대한민국 tɛː The Republic of Korea Air Force ( ROK Air Force, ROKAF, Hanglul: 대한민국 공군 Hanja: 大韓民國 空軍 is the Air force WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout For the biogeographical region see Malesia Malaysia (məˈleɪʒə or /məˈleɪziə/ is a country that consists of thirteen states and The Royal Malaysian Air Force (RMAF ( Malay: Tentera Udara DiRaja Malaysia or TUDM) was formed in 1958 as the Royal Malayan Air Force WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands The Royal Netherlands Air Force (RNLAF, Dutch Koninklijke Luchtmacht (KLu, is the aviation branch of the Netherlands armed forces NASAMS (Norwegian Advanced Surface to Air Missile System is a distributed and networked medium to long range air-defence system. Norway ( Norwegian: Norge ( Bokmål) or Noreg ( Nynorsk) officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Constitutional The Royal Norwegian Air Force (RNoAF ( Norwegian: Luftforsvaret) is the Air force of Norway. NASAMS (Norwegian Advanced Surface to Air Missile System is a distributed and networked medium to long range air-defence system. Oman, officially the Sultanate of Oman ( Arabic: سلطنة عُمان) is an Arab Country in Southwest Asia on the southeast Pakistan () officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, is a country located in South Asia, Southwest Asia, Middle East and Pakistan Air Force ( Urdu: پاک فضائیہ, Pak Faza'ya) ( PAF) is the Aviation branch of the Pakistan armed forces Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland Polish Air Force ( Siły Powietrzne Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej Siły Powietrzne RP - Air Forces of the Polish Republic is the Air force branch of the Polish Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic (República Portuguesa is a country on the Iberian Peninsula. The Portuguese Air Force ( PoAF) (Força Aérea Portuguesa FAP) is the Air force of Portugal. REPUBLIC OF CHINA ARTICLE GUIDELINES Republic of China Air Force Personnel53000 Singapore WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Switzerland (English pronunciation; Schweiz Swiss German: Schwyz or Schwiiz Suisse Svizzera Svizra officially the Swiss Confederation The Swiss Air Force ( Schweizer Luftwaffe, Forces aériennes suisses, Forze Aeree Svizzere) is the air component WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, KSA ( المملكة العربية السعودية, al-Mamlaka al-ʻArabiyya as-Suʻūdiyya) or Suudi WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. The Spanish Air Force ( Spanish: Ejército del Aire; literally "Army of the Air" is the Air force of Spain. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The Spanish Army ( Ejército de Tierra in Spanish; literally "Land Army" is one of oldest active armies in the world and a branch of the Spanish NASAMS (Norwegian Advanced Surface to Air Missile System is a distributed and networked medium to long range air-defence system. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout "Sverige" redirects here For other uses see Sweden (disambiguation and Sverige (disambiguation. The Swedish Air Force (Swedish Flygvapnet) is the Air force Branch of the Swedish Armed Forces. WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The Kingdom of Thailand (ˈtaɪlænd ราชอาณาจักรไทย, râːtɕʰa-ʔaːnaːtɕɑ̀k-tʰɑj The Royal Thai Air Force or RTAF ( Thai: กองทัพอากาศไทย Kong Thab Akat Thai is the Air force of the Kingdom of Thailand WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches The Turkish Air Force (Türk Hava Kuvvetleri is a branch of the Turkish Armed Forces. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout The United States of America —commonly referred to as the WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft. Please see WikipediaWikiProject Aircraft/page content for recommended layout Pakistan Air Force ( Urdu: پاک فضائیہ, Pak Faza'ya) ( PAF) is the Aviation branch of the Pakistan armed forces
In 2005 Chile received AIM-120 AMRAAM missiles from the United States Air Force as part of the Peace Puma Plan which Chilean Air Force also received 10 F-16 D fighters as part of the plan. Chile, officially the Republic of Chile ( Spanish:) is a country in South America occupying a long and narrow Coastal strip wedged between the The Chilean Air Force ( Spanish: Fuerza Aérea de Chile, FACH) is the Air force of Chile, a branch of the Chilean military In 2006 Poland new F-16 Block52+ has Aim-120C-5.
In 2007, the United States government agreed to sell 218 AIM-120C-7 missiles to Taiwan as part of a large arms sales package that also included 235 AGM-65G-2 Maverick missiles. Total value of the package, including launchers, maintenance, spare parts, support and training rounds, was estimated at around $421 million USD. This supplemented an earlier Taiwanese purchase of 120 AIM-120C-5 missiles a few years ago.
External links
- Federation of American Scientists page
- GlobalSecurity.org page
- GlobalSecurity.org HUMRAAM page
- Designation-Systems page
- FMRAAM at Global-Defence.com
- Meteor vs. FMRAAM at Global-Defence.com
- Raytheon: AIM-120 AMRAAM
- More HUMRAAM information
- NASAMS (Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace official information)
- NASAMS (third-party information)
- Quo Vadis - AMRAAM? (Historical)
See also
In service
Under development
Notes
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