Games of the IX Olympiad
Logo of the 1928 Summer Olympics
Host city	Amsterdam, Netherlands
Nations participating	46
Athletes participating	2,883 (2,606 men, 277 women)
Events	109 in 15 sports
Opening ceremony	July 28
Closing ceremony	August 12
Officially opened by	Prince Hendrik
Athlete's Oath	Harry Dénis
Judge's Oath	None
Olympic Torch	None
Stadium	Olympisch Stadion

The Olympisch Stadion in 1928

The 1928 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the IX Olympiad, were celebrated in 1928 in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Amsterdam (pronounced) is the capital and largest city of the Netherlands, located in the province of North Holland in the west The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands The Olympic sports comprise all the Sports contested in the Summer and Winter Olympic Games. Events 1540 - Thomas Cromwell is executed at the order of Henry VIII of England on charges of Treason. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Battle of Ascalon - Crusaders under the command of Godfrey of Bouillon defeat Fatimid Duke Heinrich Wladimir Albrecht Ernst of Mecklenburg-Schwerin ( April 19 1876 &ndash July 3 1934) Prince of the Netherlands The Olympic Oath is taken by one athlete and one judge at the opening ceremonies of each Olympic Games. Henri ("Harry" Léonard Barthélémi Dénis ( 28 August 1896 in Den Haag – 13 July 1971 in Den Haag was a The Olympic Oath is taken by one athlete and one judge at the opening ceremonies of each Olympic Games. The Olympic Flame or Olympic Torch is a Symbol of the Olympic Games. The Olympic Stadium is the name usually given to the big centrepiece Stadium of the Summer Olympic Games. Year 1928 ( MCMXXVIII) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar. Amsterdam (pronounced) is the capital and largest city of the Netherlands, located in the province of North Holland in the west The Netherlands ( Dutch:, ˈnedərlɑnt is the European part of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, which consists of the Netherlands the Netherlands Amsterdam had made a bid for the 1920 and 1924 Olympic Games, but had to give way to war-victim Belgium and De Coubertin's Paris before finally being awarded with the organisation. The Olympic Games is an international Multi-sport event established for both summer and winter games Pierre de Frédy Baron de Coubertin (1 January 1863 &ndash 2 September 1937 was a French Pedagogue and historian who is best known as the founder of the Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city The only other candidate city was Los Angeles. Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West Los Angeles would eventually host the Olympics four years later.

The United States Olympic Committee measured the costs and revenue of the 1928 Games in preparation for the 1932 Summer Olympics. The 1932 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the X Olympiad, were an International Multi-sport event which was celebrated in 1932 The committee reported a total cost of US$1. The United States dollar ( sign: $; code: USD) is the unit of Currency of the United States; it has also been 183 million with receipts of US$1. 165 million for a loss of US$18,000 (much smaller than the previous celebration's financial loss). ^[1]

Highlights

• For the first time, the Olympic Flame was lit during the Olympics. The Olympic Flame or Olympic Torch is a Symbol of the Olympic Games. The torch relay, however, would not occur until the 1936 Summer Olympics. The 1936 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XI Olympiad, an International Multi-sport event which was held in 1936 in Berlin
• For the first time, the parade of nations started with Greece, which holds the origins of the Olympics, and ended with the host country, a tradition which continues today. Greece (Ελλάδα transliterated: Elláda, historically, Ellás,) officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία
• The Games were officially opened by Prince Hendrik, consort of Queen Wilhelmina, who had authorised him to deputise for her. Duke Heinrich Wladimir Albrecht Ernst of Mecklenburg-Schwerin ( April 19 1876 &ndash July 3 1934) Prince of the Netherlands Wilhelmina (Wilhelmina Helena Pauline Marie 31 August 1880 &ndash 28 November 1962) was Queen regnant of the Kingdom of the This was the first time a head of state had not personally officiated at an Olympic opening ceremony.
• Athletics events were held on a 400 metre track and would become the standard for athletics tracks.
• Johnny Weissmuller, who later appeared in several Tarzan movies, won two gold medals in swimming. Johnny Weissmuller (June 2 1904 &ndash January 20 1984 was an American swimmer and Actor who was one of the world's best swimmers in the 1920s winning Tarzan is a Fictional character, an archetypal Feral child raised in the African jungle by Apes who later returns to civilization only to Swimming is the movement by humans or animals through Water, usually without artificial assistance
• Paavo Nurmi of Finland won his 9th and final gold medal by finishing first in the 10000 m. Paavo Johannes Nurmi ( ( 13 June 1897 &ndash 2 October 1973) was a Finnish runner. Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe.
• Canada's Percy Williams surprised everyone by winning both the 100 m and 200 m sprint events. Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Percy Alfred Williams OC ( May 19, 1908 &ndash November 29, 1982) was a Canadian athlete, winner of the
• South American football made a definite breakthrough, as Uruguay retained its title by defeating Argentina. South America is a Continent of the Americas, situated entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a Team sport played between two teams of eleven players and is widely considered Uruguay.(official full name in República Oriental del Uruguay;, Oriental Republic of Uruguay) is a country located in the southeastern part of South America For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Argentina topics.
• India took its first ever gold in field hockey, the beginning of a winning streak which continued until 1956 with six gold medals won during the period. India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country Field hockey is a Team sport in which players attempt to score goals by hitting the Ball across the pitch with a stick Year 1956 ( MCMLVI) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar.
• The first appearance of the sponsor Coca-Cola at the Olympic Games. Coca-Cola is a carbonated Soft drink sold in stores restaurants and Vending machines in more than 200 countries
• These games were the first to bear the name "Summer Olympic Games".
• Germany, which had last entered the Olympic games in 1912, had been scheduled to host the 1916 games in Berlin, and had been banned in 1920 and 1924, ranked second in the medal count.

Selection of the host city

Frederik van Tuyll van Serooskerken first proposed Amsterdam as host city for the Summer Olympic Games in 1912, even before the Netherlands Olympic Committee was established. The Summer Olympic Games or the Games of the Olympiad are an International Multi-sport event, usually quadrennial organised by the International In 1916, the Olympic Games were cancelled due to World War I. World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All In 1919, the Netherlands Olympic Committee abandoned the proposal of Amsterdam in favour of their support of the nomination of Antwerp as host city for the 1920 Summer Olympics. ||-||-||-||} Antwerp ( Dutch:, French: Anvers) is a City and Municipality in Belgium and the capital of the The 1920 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the VII Olympiad, were an International Multi-sport event which was celebrated in 1920 In 1921, the city of Paris was selected for the 1924 Summer Olympics on the condition that the 1928 Summer Olympics would be organized in Amsterdam. Paris (ˈpærɨs in English; in French) is the Capital of France and the country's largest city The 1924 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the VIII Olympiad, were an International Multi-sport event which was celebrated in 1924 in This decision, supported by the Netherlands Olympic Committee, was announced by the International Olympic Committee on June 2, 1921. Events 455 - The Vandals enter Rome, and plunder the city for two weeks Year 1921 ( MCMXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display full 1921 calendar of the Gregorian calendar The decision was disputed by the Americans, but their request to allocate the 1928 Summer Olympics to Los Angeles was without success in 1922 and again in 1923. Los Angeles (lɑˈsændʒələs los ˈaŋxeles in Spanish) is the largest City in the state of California and the American West Los Angeles was eventually selected as host city for the 1932 Summer Olympics. The 1932 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the X Olympiad, were an International Multi-sport event which was celebrated in 1932 ^[2]

Sports

Eight Dutch stamps from 1928, showing different sports of the 1928 Summer Olympics

During the Summer Olympics, there were 15 sports and 109 events in the tournament. In parentheses is the number of events per sport. ^[2]

• Athletics (27)
• Boxing (8)
• Cycling (6)
• Diving (4)
• Equestrian (6)
• Fencing (7)
• Football (1)
• Gymnastics (8)
• Field hockey (1)
• Modern pentathlon (1)
• Rowing (7)
• Sailing (3)
• Swimming (11)
• Water polo (1)
• Weightlifting (5)
• Wrestling (13)

Women's athletics and gymnastics debuted at these Olympic, in spite of criticism. At the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, 27 athletics events were contested These are the results of the Boxing competition at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam. The Cycling competition at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam consisted of two road cycling events and four Track cycling At the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, four Diving events were contested The Equestrian Events at the 1928 Summer Olympics included Dressage, Eventing, and Show Jumping. At the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, seven Fencing events were contested six for men and one for women Football at the 1928 Summer Olympics tournament won with difficulty by Uruguay from their bitter rivals Argentina would be the precursor to the first FIFA World At the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, eight events in Gymnastics were contested The 1928 Summer Olympics saw the third Field Hockey tournament at Olympics At the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, a single Modern pentathlon event was contested Rowing at the 1928 Summer Olympics featured 7 events for men only At the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, three events in Sailing were contested At the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, eleven Swimming events were contested six for men and five for women Final results for the Water polo tournament at the 1928 Summer Olympics: Medal summary Results The Weightlifting competition at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam consisted of five weight classes all for men only At the 1928 Summer Olympics, thirteen Wrestling events were contested for all men Gymnastics is a Sport involving performance of exercises requiring physical strength agility and coordination Halina Konopacka of Poland became the first female Olympic track and field champion. Halina Konopacka (born November 11, 1900 in Rawa Mazowiecka — died January 28, 1989 in Daytona Beach, United Poland (Polska officially the Republic of Poland The 800 metre run ended with several of the competitors being completely exhausted, so running events for women longer than 200 metres were not included in the Olympics until the 1960s. The 1960s decade refers to the years from the beginning of 1960 to the end of 1969

Tennis disappeared from the programme, only to reappear in 1968 as a demonstration sport. Tennis is a sport played between two players ( singles) or between two teams of two players each ( doubles) Tennis returned to the Summer Olympic program as a demonstration event in 1968.

Demonstration sports

• Kaatsen (unofficial demonstration)
• Korfball
• Lacrosse

These Games also included art competitions, which the IOC no longer considers as official medal events. Frisian handball ( Dutch kaatsen Frisian Keatsen) is a traditional Frisian sport related to American handball and Fives, that is most commonly practiced Korfball (Korfbal is a team ball game similar to mixed Netball. Lacrosse was a Demonstration sport at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam. Art competitions were held as part of the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.

Participating nations

Participants

A total of 46 nations were represented at the Amsterdam Games. Malta, Panama, and Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) competed at the Olympic Games for the first time. Malta, officially the Republic of Malta (Repubblika ta' Malta is a European Microstate, comprising an Archipelago of three islands Panama, officially the Republic of Panama (República de Panamá) is the southernmost country of Central America. Southern Rhodesia was the name of the British Colony situated north of the Limpopo River and the Union of South Africa, and known today as Zimbabwe See also Great Zimbabwe National Monument. For information about the March and June 2008 presidential elections see Zimbabwean presidential election Germany returned after having been deliberately not invited in 1920 and 1924. Germany, officially the Federal Republic of Germany ( ˈbʊndəsʁepuˌbliːk ˈdɔʏtʃlant is a Country in Central Europe. ^[3]

Medal count

Main article: 1928 Summer Olympics medal count

These are the top ten nations that won medals at these Games. Argentina competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Australia competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Austria competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Belgium competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Bulgaria competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Canada competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Chile competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Cuba competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Czechoslovakia competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Denmark competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Egypt competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Estonia competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Finland competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, Netherlands. France competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Germany competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, Netherlands. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland competed as Great Britain at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, Netherlands Greece competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Haiti competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Hungary competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, Netherlands. India competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Ireland competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Italy competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Japan competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Latvia competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Lithuania competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Luxembourg competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Malta competed in the Summer Olympic Games for the first time at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, Netherlands Mexico competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Monaco competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics held at Amsterdam in the Netherlands. The Netherlands was the host nation for the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam. New Zealand competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, Netherlands with a team of 4 athletes 4 swimmers and 2 boxers Norway competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Panama competed in the Summer Olympic Games for the first time at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, Netherlands The Philippines competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Poland competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Portugal competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Rhodesia competed in the Summer Olympic Games for the first time at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, Netherlands Romania competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, Netherlands. South Africa competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Spain competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Sweden competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Switzerland competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Turkey competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, Netherlands. The United States competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Uruguay competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, Netherlands. Athletes from the Kingdom of Serbs Croats and Slovenes competed at the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Rank	Nation	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Total
1	United States	22	18	16	56
2	Germany	10	7	14	31
3	Finland	8	8	9	25
4	Sweden	7	6	12	25
5	Italy	7	5	7	19
6	Switzerland	7	4	4	15
7	France	6	10	5	21
8	Netherlands (host nation)	6	9	4	19
9	Hungary	4	5	0	9
10	Canada	4	4	7	15

References

External links

• Amsterdam 1928. Games of the IX Olympiad
• The Ninth Olympiad. Amsterdam 1928. Official Report
• Louis S. Nixdorff Diary, July 10-August 15, 1928