This article is about the year 1812.
- For the overture by Tchaikovsky, see 1812 Overture;
- For the 2001 Black Sea crash, see: Flight 1812;
- For the character in Farscape, see DRD 1812
| Centuries: | 18th century - 19th century - 20th century |
| Decades: | 1780s 1790s 1800s - 1810s - 1820s 1830s 1840s |
| Years: | 1809 1810 1811 - 1812 - 1813 1814 1815 |
| 1812 in topic: |
| Subjects: Archaeology - Architecture - |
| Art - Literature (Poetry) - Music - Science |
| Sports - Rail Transport |
| Countries: Australia - Canada - Germany - Ireland - New Zealand - Norway - South Africa - U. Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky wrote the Festival Overture "The Year 1812" in E major, Op Year 2001 ( MMI) was a Common year starting on Monday according to the Gregorian calendar. The Black Sea is an inland Sea bounded by southeastern Europe, the Caucasus and the Anatolian peninsula ( Turkey Siberia Airlines Flight 1812 crashed over the Black Sea on October 4, 2001, en route from Tel Aviv, Israel to Novosibirsk Farscape is an American science fiction television series filmed in Australia and produced for the Sci-Fi Channel. The pages listed below contain information about trends and events in particular centuries and millennia. The 18th century lasted from 1701 to 1800 in the Gregorian calendar, in accordance with the Anno Domini / Common Era numbering system The 19th century of the Common Era began on January 1, 1801 and ended on December 31, 1900, according to the Gregorian calendar The twentieth century of the Common Era began on See also List of centuries, History This is a list of Decades in history including links to corresponding articles with more information about them Events and trends 1783 First manned Hot air balloon invented in France. Events and trends French Revolution ( 1789 - 1799) It is considered to have effectively ended on November 9, 1799 when Events and Trends End of the Napoleonic Wars in Europe (1803 - 1815 Events and trends Nationalistic independence helped reshape the world during this decade Greece gains independence from the Ottoman Empire Events and trends Electromagnetic induction discovered by Michael Faraday. Events and trends Technology First use of General anesthesia in an operation by Crawford Long. This page indexes the individual Years pages Twenty-first century Year 1809 ( MDCCCIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Year 1810 ( MDCCCX) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Year 1811 ( MDCCCXI) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Year 1813 ( MDCCCXIII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1814 ( MDCCCXIV) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Year 1815 ( MDCCCXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The year 1812 in archaeology involved some significant events The year 1812 in architecture involved some significant events Events The Elgin Marbles arrive in the UK from Greece. Awards Prix de Rome (for sculpture - The year 1812 in literature involved some significant events Events Series of lectures on drama and Shakespeare - Samuel Taylor Coleridge Events January 15 &mdash Lord Byron takes his seat at Parliament Events Classical music Ludwig van Beethoven Symphony no 7 (Opus 92 Symphony The year 1812 in Science and Technology involved some significant events listed below Events July events July 6 - The Kilmarnock and Troon Railway becomes the first public railway line to open in Scotland. See also 1811 in Australia, other events of 1812, 1813 in Australia and the Timeline of Australian history. See also 1811 in Canada, other events of 1812, 1813 in Canada and the List of 'years in Canada'. Events 1 October - James Sadler, an English balloonist started a balloon flight from Belvedere House near Mullingar Incumbents Regal and Vice Regal Head of State – King George III. See also 1811 in South Africa, other events of 1812, 1813 in South Africa and the Timeline of South African history. S. - UK |
| Leaders: State leaders - Colonial governors |
| Category: Establishments - Disestablishments |
| Births - Deaths - Works |
Year 1812 (MDCCCXII), a leap year, started on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Monday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). Incumbents Monarch - George III of the United Kingdom Prime Minister - Spencer Perceval, Tory (until 1811 state leaders - Events of 1812 - 1813 state leaders - State leaders by year ---- Portugal Angola - José de Oliveira Barbosa, Governor of Angola ( 1810 - 1816) Macau Roman numerals are a Numeral system originating in ancient Rome, adapted from Etruscan numerals. This is the Calendar for any Leap year starting on Wednesday ( Dominical letter ED) such as 1992. The Gregorian calendar is the most widely used Calendar in the world today This is the Calendar for any Leap year starting on Monday ( Dominical letter GF) such as 1996. The Julian calendar, a reform of the Roman calendar, was introduced by Julius Caesar in 46 BC and came into force in 45 BC (709 Ab urbe condita
Contents |
Events of 1812
January - March
- January 1 - the Allgemeines bürgerliches Gesetzbuch, the Austrian civil code enters into force in the Austrian Empire. New Year See also New Year The Ancient Romans began their consular year on January 1st since 153 BC The Allgemeines bürgerliches Gesetzbuch ( ABGB) is the Civil Code of Austria, which was enacted in 1811 after about 40 years of preparatory works Austria (Österreich ( officially the Republic of Austria (Republik Österreich A civil code is a systematic compilation of laws designed to comprehensively deal with the core areas of Private law. For the history of these states before 1804 see Holy Roman Empire, Habsburg Monarchy, and articles on each of the component countries.
- February 2 - Russia establishes a fur trading colony at Fort Ross, California. Events 962 - Translatio imperii: Pope John XII crowns Otto I Holy Roman Emperor, the first Holy Roman Emperor Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending
- February 7 - The last New Madrid Earthquake strikes New Madrid, Missouri, with an estimated moment magnitude of over 8. Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince New Madrid (nuːˈmædrɪd is a city in New Madrid County, Missouri, 42 miles (68 km south by west of Cairo Illinois, on the Mississippi River TalkMoment magnitude scale#Real world examples please.--> The moment magnitude scale
- February 11 - Massachusetts governor Elbridge Gerry invents gerrymandering. Events 660 BC - Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts ( is a state located in the New England region of the northeastern United States. A governor is a governing official usually the executive (at least nominally to different degrees also politically and administratively of a non-sovereign level of government Elbridge Thomas Gerry (ˈgɛri (July 17 1744 November 23 1814 was an American statesman and diplomat Gerrymandering is a form of redistribution in which electoral district or Constituency boundaries are manipulated for electoral advantage
- February 12 - Napoleon authorised the usage of Mesures usuelles, the basis of the Metric System. Events 1429 - English Forces under Sir John Fastolf defend a supply convoy carrying rations to the army besieging Orleans from attack by the Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. The metric system is a decimalised system of measurement. It exists in several variations with different choices of base units, though the choice of base units does
- February 27 - Poet Lord Byron gives his first address as a member of the House of Lords, in defense of Luddite violence against Industrialism in his home county of Nottinghamshire. Events 1560 - The Treaty of Berwick, which would expel the French from Scotland, is signed by England and the Congregation A poet is a person who writes Poetry. Etymology From the Ancient greek: ποιέω, poieō: "I make or compose" The House of Lords is the second house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom and is also commonly referred to as "the Lords" The Luddites were a Social movement of British Textile artisans in the early Nineteenth century who protested&mdashoften by destroying mechanized The Industrial Revolution was a period in the late 18th and early 19th centuries when major changes in agriculture manufacturing and transportation had a profound effect on the Nottinghamshire (abbreviated Notts) is an English county in the East Midlands, which borders South Yorkshire, Lincolnshire, Leicestershire
- March 12 - The Cádiz Cortes, in exile, create the first modern Spanish constitution. Events 538 - Witiges, king of the Ostrogoths ends his siege of Rome and retreats to Ravenna, leaving The Cádiz Cortes were sessions of the national legislative body (traditionally known in Spain as the ''Cortes'') which met in the safe haven of Cádiz The Spanish Constitution of 1812 was promulgated by the Cádiz Cortes, the national legislative assembly ( Cortes Generales "General Courts"
- March 15 - Luddites attack wool processing factory of Frank Vickerman in West Yorkshire. Events 44 BC - Julius Caesar, Dictator of the Roman Republic, is stabbed to death by Marcus Junius Brutus, The Luddites were a Social movement of British Textile artisans in the early Nineteenth century who protested&mdashoften by destroying mechanized Wool is the fiber derived from the specialized skin cells called follicles of animals in the Caprinae family principally sheep, but the hair of certain species Frank Vickerman was a man in the early 1800s who lived in West Yorkshire. West Yorkshire is a Metropolitan county within the Yorkshire and the Humber region of England with a population of
- March 26 - An earthquake destroys Caracas, Venezuela. Events 1026 - Pope John XIX crowns Conrad II as Holy Roman Emperor. An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth 's crust that creates Seismic waves Earthquakes are recorded with a Seismometer Caracas (kaˈɾakas is the Capital and largest city of Venezuela. Venezuela (ˌvɛnəˈzweɪlə) officially the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish República Bolivariana de Venezuela) is a country on the
April - June
- April 4 - U.S. President James Madison enacted a ninety-day embargo on trade with the United Kingdom. Events 1581 - Francis Drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by Elizabeth I. The President of the United States is the Head of state and Head of government of the United States and is the highest political official in United States by James Madison Jr (March 16 1751 – June 28 1836 was an American Politician, the fourth President of the United States (1809–1817 and one of the Founding In international Commerce and politics, an embargo is the prohibition of commerce The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located
- April 30 - Louisiana is admitted as the 18th U.S. state. Events 313 - Roman emperor Licinius unifies the entire Eastern Roman Empire under his rule The State of Louisiana ( or, État de Louisiane, pronounced) is a state located in the southern region of the United States of America A US state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of the United States of America that share Sovereignty with the federal government
- May 11 - John Bellingham assassinates British Prime Minister Spencer Perceval in the lobby of the British House of Commons. Events 330 - Byzantium is renamed ''Nova Roma'' during a dedication ceremony but is more popularly referred to as Constantinople John Bellingham (c 1769 &ndash 18 May 1812) was the assassin of British Prime Minister Spencer Perceval. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was the formal name of the United Kingdom from 1 January 1801 until 12 April 1927 This article is about the government position For other uses see Prime Minister (disambiguation. Spencer Perceval, KC (1 November 1762 &ndash 11 May 1812 was a British statesman and Prime Minister. The House of Commons' is the Lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom, which also comprises the Sovereign and the House of Lords
- May 25 - Felling mine disaster: Mine explosion at Felling colliery near Jarrow, England - 96 dead. Events 1085 - Alfonso VI of Castile takes Toledo Spain back from the Moors. Felling mine disaster was one of the first major Mining accidents or mine disasters in Britain, claiming 92 lives on 25 May 1812. Felling is the name given to an area of eastern Gateshead, UK. Coal mining is the extraction or removal of Coal from the Earth by Mining. Jarrow (ˈjæroʊ or /ˈjærə/ is a Town on the River Tyne, England with a Population around 27000 (2001 Census) England is a Country which is part of the United Kingdom. Its inhabitants account for more than 83% of the total UK population whilst its mainland
- May 28 - Russian Field Marshal Mikhail Kutuzov signs the Treaty of Bucharest, ending the Russo-Turkish War, 1806-1812 and making Bessarabia a part of Imperial Russia. Events 585 BC - A Solar eclipse occurs as predicted by Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling Prince Mikhail Illarionovich Golenishchev-Kutuzov (князь Михаи́л Илларио́нович Голени́щев-Куту́зов ( &mdash) was the Russian The Treaty of Bucharest between the Ottoman Empire and the Russian Empire, was signed on May 28, 1812 in Bucharest at the end The Russo-Turkish War 1806 – 1812 was one of many wars fought between Imperial Russia and the Ottoman Empire. Bessarabia ( Basarabia in Romanian, Бесарабія in Ukrainian, Бессарабия in Russian, Бесарабия in Bulgarian The Russian Empire ( Pre-reform Russian: Pоссійская Имперія Modern Russian: Российская Империя translit: Rossiyskaya
- June 1 - War of 1812: U.S. President James Madison asks the U.S. Congress to declare war on the United Kingdom. Events 193 - Roman Emperor Didius Julianus is Assassinated 987 - Hugh Capet is elected The War of 1812 was fought between the United States of America and the British Empire, particularly Great Britain and her North American colonies The United States of America —commonly referred to as the President is a Title leaders of Organizations companies, Trade unions universities, and countries. James Madison Jr (March 16 1751 – June 28 1836 was an American Politician, the fourth President of the United States (1809–1817 and one of the Founding The United States Congress is the bicameral Legislature of the federal government of the United States of America, consisting of two houses The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located
- June 4 - Following Louisiana's admittance as a U.S. state, the territory by that name was renamed to Missouri Territory. Events 781 BC - The first historic Solar eclipse is recorded in China. The State of Louisiana ( or, État de Louisiane, pronounced) is a state located in the southern region of the United States of America A US state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of the United States of America that share Sovereignty with the federal government The Missouri Territory was a historic Organized territory in the United States.
- June 18 - The War of 1812 begins between the United States and the United Kingdom. Events 618 - Coronation of the Chinese governor Li Yuan as Emperor Gaozu of Tang, the new Emperor of China, initiating three centuries The War of 1812 was fought between the United States of America and the British Empire, particularly Great Britain and her North American colonies The United States of America —commonly referred to as the The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located
- June 24 - Napoleon's Grande Armée crosses the Niemen river and invades Russia (see Patriotic War of 1812). Events 972 - Battle of Cedynia, the first documented victory of Polish forces takes place Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. "Nieman" and "Niemen" redirects here For other uses see Neman and Nieman (disambiguation. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending The French invasion of Russia in 1812 was a turning point in the Napoleonic Wars.
July - September
- July 12 - Americans invade Canada at Windsor, Ontario. Events 1191 - Saladin 's garrison surrenders ending the two-year Siege of Acre. The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page Windsor is the southernmost city in Canada and lies at the western end of the heavily populated Quebec City-Windsor Corridor.
- July 18 - Russia's Patriotic War: Battle of Klyastitsy - Kulnev defeats Oudinot but sustains a mortal wound. Events 390 BC - Roman - Gaulish Wars Battle of the Allia - a Roman army is defeated by raiding Gauls, The French invasion of Russia in 1812 was a turning point in the Napoleonic Wars. The Battle of Klyastitsy is a relatively minor engagement which took place near the village of Klyastitsy (Клястицы (Drissa Uyezd, Vitebsk Guberniya Yakov Petrovich Kulnev ( Russian: Яков Петрович Кульнев 6 August, 1763 — 1 August, 1812) was along with Nicolas Charles Oudinot, 1st Comte Oudinot, 1st Duc de Reggio ( 25 April, 1767 &ndash 13 September, 1847) was
- July 22 - Peninsular War: Battle of Salamanca - British forces led by Lord Wellington defeat French troops near Salamanca in Spain. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Godfrey of Bouillon is elected the first Defender of the Holy Sepulchre of The Kingdom of The Peninsular War or Spanish War of Independence pitted an alliance of Spain, the United Kingdom, and Portugal against France The Battle of Salamanca saw an Anglo - Portuguese army under General Arthur Wellesley defeat Marshal Auguste Marmont 's French The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Field Marshal Arthur Wellesley 1st Duke of Wellington, KG, KP, GCB, GCH, PC, FRS ( c This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Geography The city lies on a mountain by the Tormes River which is crossed by a bridge 150 m long built on 26 arches fifteen of which are of Roman origin, while Spain () or the Kingdom of Spain (Reino de España is a country located mostly in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula.
- August 5 - War of 1812: Tecumseh's Indian force ambushes Thomas Van Horne's 200 Americans at Brownstone Creek, causing them to flee and retreat. Events 642 - Battle of Maserfield - Penda of Mercia defeats and kills Oswald of Bernicia. The War of 1812 was fought between the United States of America and the British Empire, particularly Great Britain and her North American colonies Tecumseh (March 1768 – October 5, 1813) also Tecumtha or Tekamthi, was a famous Native American leader of the Shawnee Native Americans in the United States are the indigenous peoples from the regions of North America now encompassed by the continental United States The United States of America —commonly referred to as the
- August 12 - Peninsular War: The combined English and Portuguese army under the command of Wellington enters Madrid following the Battle of Salamanca. Events 1099 - First Crusade: Battle of Ascalon - Crusaders under the command of Godfrey of Bouillon defeat Fatimid The Peninsular War or Spanish War of Independence pitted an alliance of Spain, the United Kingdom, and Portugal against France Wellington (ˈwælɪŋtən is the Capital of New Zealand, the country's second largest urban area, the Madrid (pronounced in English in Spanish and colloquially in Spain) is the Capital and largest city of Spain. The Battle of Salamanca saw an Anglo - Portuguese army under General Arthur Wellesley defeat Marshal Auguste Marmont 's French
- August 16 - War of 1812: American General William Hull surrenders Fort Detroit without a fight to the British Army. Events 1384 - The Hongwu Emperor of Ming China, Emperor Dong hears a case of a couple who tore paper money bills while fighting The War of 1812 was fought between the United States of America and the British Empire, particularly Great Britain and her North American colonies The United States of America —commonly referred to as the William Hull ( June 24, 1753 &ndash November 29, 1825) was an American Soldier and Politician. Fort Shelby was a Military Fort in Detroit Michigan that played a significant role in the War of 1812. The British Army is the land armed forces branch of the British Armed Forces.
- August 19 - War of 1812: USS Constitution defeats the British frigate Guerrière off the coast of Nova Scotia. Events 43 BC - Octavian, later known as Augustus compels the Roman Senate to elect him Consul. The War of 1812 was fought between the United States of America and the British Empire, particularly Great Britain and her North American colonies Construction In August 1785 after the Revolutionary War drew to a close Congress sold, the last ship remaining in the Continental Navy. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was the formal name of the United Kingdom from 1 January 1801 until 12 April 1927 Career with the French Sailing with the Duguay-Trouin Guerrière served with the French Navy during the Napoleonic Wars. Nova Scotia (ˌnəʊvəˈskəʊʃə ( Latin for New Scotland; Alba Nuadh Nouvelle-Écosse is a Canadian province located on Canada 's The British shot is said to have bounced off the Constitution 's sides, earning her the nickname "Old Ironsides". The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was the formal name of the United Kingdom from 1 January 1801 until 12 April 1927 A constitution is a system for government often Codified as a written document that establishes the rules and principles of an autonomous political entity Construction In August 1785 after the Revolutionary War drew to a close Congress sold, the last ship remaining in the Continental Navy.
- September 7 - Napoleonic Wars: Battle of Borodino - the bloodiest battle of the Napoleonic wars comes to a draw. Events 1251 BC - A Solar eclipse on this date might mark the birth of legendary Heracles at Thebes Greece. The Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815 involved Napoleon's French Empire and a shifting set of European allies and opposing coalitions The Battle of Borodino (Бородинская битва Borodinskaja bitva, Bataille de la Moskowa) fought on September 7, 1812, was
- September 14 - Napoleon's troops enter Moscow deliberately set on fire by Muscovites on orders of Fyodor Rostopchin. Events 81 - Domitian becomes Emperor of the Roman Empire upon the death of his brother Titus. Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of For similar disasters see Fire of Moscow The 1812 Fire of Moscow broke out on September 14, 1812 in Moscow on the Count Fyodor Vasilievich Rostopchin (Фёдор Васильевич Ростопчин (3
October - December
- October - The Capital of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, United States was permanently moved from Lancaster to Harrisburg. October events and holidays Children's Book Week ( England) - First Week of October National Day ( China People's Republic The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania ( often colloquially referred to as PA (its abbreviation by natives and Northeasterners is a state located in the Northeastern The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Lancaster is a city in the South Central part of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and is the County seat of Lancaster County. Harrisburg is the Capital of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, in the United States of America
- October 9 - War of 1812: American naval forces under Lieutenant Jesse Duncan Elliott capture two British warships, HMS Detroit and HMS Caledonia. Events 768 - Carloman I and Charlemagne are crowned Kings of The Franks. The War of 1812 was fought between the United States of America and the British Empire, particularly Great Britain and her North American colonies The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Jesse Duncan Elliot ( July 14, 1782 – December 10, 1845) was a United States naval officer and commander of American naval forces in Lake The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located During the War of 1812, the British Royal Navy had two small vessels named HMS Detroit on Lake Erie, both named after the nearby Fort
- October 13 - War of 1812: Battle of Queenston Heights - As part of the Niagara campaign in Ontario, Canada, United States forces under General Stephen Van Rensselaer are repulsed from invading Canada by British and native troops led by Sir Isaac Brock (although he dies during the battle). Events 54 - Nero ascends to the Roman throne 409 - Vandals and Alans crossed the Pyrenees The War of 1812 was fought between the United States of America and the British Empire, particularly Great Britain and her North American colonies The Battle of Queenston Heights was a British victory during the War of 1812 which took place on October 13, 1812, near Queenston The Niagara campaign was the final campaign launched by the United States to invade Canada during the War of 1812. Ontario (ɒnˈtɛrioʊ is a province located in the central part of Canada, the largest by population and second largest after Quebec The United States of America —commonly referred to as the Stephen Van Rensselaer III ( November 1 1764 &ndash January 26 1839) was Lieutenant Governor of New York as well Country to "Dominion of Canada" or "Canadian Federation" or anything else please read the Talk Page The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom, the UK or Britain,is a Sovereign state located Major-General Sir Isaac Brock KB (6 October 1769 – 13 October 1812 was a British Army officer and
- October 18-October 20 - Second Battle of Polotsk - Russia
- October 19 - Napoleon begins his retreat from Moscow. Events 1009 - The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, a Christian church in Jerusalem, is completely destroyed by the Fatimid Events 1740 - Maria Theresa takes the throne of Austria. France, Prussia, Bavaria and Saxony The Second Battle of Polotsk ( October 18 – October 20, 1812) took place during Napoleon's invasion of Russia Events 202 BCE - The Battle of Zama results in the defeat of Carthage and Hannibal. Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe. Moscow (Москва́ romanised: Moskvá, IPA: see also other names) is the Capital and the largest city of
- October 24 - Napoleonic Wars - Battle of Maloyaroslavets - an inconclusive encounter between the French vanguard and a Russian force leads Napoleon to decide to retreat along the same line as his advance, with disastrous results. Events 69 - Second Battle of Bedriacum, forces under Antonius Primus the commander of the Danube armies loyal to Vespasian, defeat The Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815 involved Napoleon's French Empire and a shifting set of European allies and opposing coalitions The Battle of Maloyaroslavets took place on October 24 1812, between the Russians under Marshal Kutuzov, and part of the corps of Eugène This article is about the country For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic France topics. Russia (Россия Rossiya) or the Russian Federation ( Rossiyskaya Federatsiya) is a transcontinental Country extending Napoleon Bonaparte (15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821 was a French military and political leader who had a significant impact on the History of Europe.
- November 5 - James Madison defeats DeWitt Clinton in the U.S. presidential election. Events 1499 - Publication of the Catholicon in Treguier ( Brittany) James Madison Jr (March 16 1751 – June 28 1836 was an American Politician, the fourth President of the United States (1809–1817 and one of the Founding DeWitt Clinton ( March 2, 1769 Little Britain New York February 11, 1828 Albany New York) was an early American politician The United States presidential election of 1812 took place in the shadow of the War of 1812.
- November 7 - Napoleonic Wars: Battle of Vyazma - Napoleon's retreating army is defeated. Events 1492 - The Ensisheim Meteorite the oldest Meteorite with a known date of impact strikes the Earth around noon in a Wheat The Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815 involved Napoleon's French Empire and a shifting set of European allies and opposing coalitions The Battle of Vyazma ( November 3, 1812) occurred at the beginning of Napoleon’s retreat from Moscow
- November 10: A general election in the United Kingdom sees victory for the Tory Party under Robert Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool. Events 1444 - Battle of Varna: The crusading forces of King Vladislaus III of Varna (aka Ulaszlo I of Hungary and Wladyslaw The election to the 5th Parliament of the United Kingdom was the fourth general election to be held after the Union of Great Britain and Ireland In the political tradition of some English-speaking countries, the term Tory has referred to a variety of political parties and Creeds since it was Robert Banks Jenkinson 2nd Earl of Liverpool (7 June 1770 &ndash 4 December 1828 was a British politician and the longest-serving Prime Minister of the
Undated
- Bishop James Madison Society founded at the College of William & Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia. The Bishop James Madison Society is a Secret society of the College of William and Mary in Virginia. The College of William and Mary (officially The College of William and Mary in Virginia, also known as William & Mary or W&M) is a Public university Williamsburg is a city located on the Virginia Peninsula in the Hampton Roads region in southeastern Virginia
- The Old Oscar Pepper Distillery (now the Woodford Reserve Distillery), the oldest Kentucky Bourbon distillery, is established along Glenn's Creek in Woodford County, Kentucky. Woodford Reserve is a brand of premium Small batch Bourbon whiskey made in the distillery formerly known as the Labrot & Graham Distillery The Commonwealth of Kentucky ( is a state located in the East Central United States of America. Bourbon is an American Whiskey, a type of distilled spirit, made primarily from Corn and named for Bourbon County Kentucky.
- Capital of Finland moved from Turku to Helsinki. Finland, officially the Republic of Finland ( is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of northern Europe. Turku, in Swedish Åbo ( pronounced,) is a city and the original capital of Finland on the southwest coast of Finland at the Helsinki (in Finnish;) or Helsingfors (in Swedish;) is the Capital and largest city of Finland.
Ongoing events
- Napoleonic Wars (1799-1815)-Peninsular War/Sixth Coalition/Patriotic War of 1812
- War of 1812 (1812-1815)
Births
| Gregorian calendar | 1812 MDCCCXII |
| Ab urbe condita | 2565 |
| Armenian calendar | 1261 ԹՎ ՌՄԿԱ |
| Bahá'í calendar | -32 – -31 |
| Berber calendar | 2762 |
| Buddhist calendar | 2356 |
| Burmese calendar | 1174 |
| Chinese calendar | 4448/4508-11-17 (辛未年十一月十七日) — to — 4449/4509-11-28(壬申年十一月廿八日) |
| Coptic calendar | 1528 – 1529 |
| Ethiopian calendar | 1804 – 1805 |
| Hebrew calendar | 5572 – 5573 |
| Hindu calendars | |
| - Vikram Samvat | 1867 – 1868 |
| - Shaka Samvat | 1734 – 1735 |
| - Kali Yuga | 4913 – 4914 |
| Holocene calendar | 11812 |
| Iranian calendar | 1190 – 1191 |
| Islamic calendar | 1226 – 1227 |
| Japanese calendar | Bunka 9 (文化9年) |
| Korean calendar | 4145 |
| Thai solar calendar | 2355 |
January - June
- January 6 - Melchora Aquino, Filipino revolutionary hero (d. The Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815 involved Napoleon's French Empire and a shifting set of European allies and opposing coalitions Year 1799 ( MDCCXCIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Year 1815 ( MDCCCXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The Peninsular War or Spanish War of Independence pitted an alliance of Spain, the United Kingdom, and Portugal against France In the War of the Sixth Coalition (1812–1814 a coalition of Austria, Prussia, Russia, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and a number The French invasion of Russia in 1812 was a turning point in the Napoleonic Wars. The War of 1812 was fought between the United States of America and the British Empire, particularly Great Britain and her North American colonies Year 1815 ( MDCCCXV) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year The Gregorian calendar is the most widely used Calendar in the world today Ab Urbe condita (literally "from The Armenian calendar is the traditional calendar of Armenia. The Bahá'í calendar, also called the Badí‘ calendar, used by the Bahá'í Faith, is a Solar calendar with regular years of 365 days and Leap The Berber calendar is the annual Calendar used by Berber people in North Africa. The Buddhist calendar is used on mainland Southeast Asia in the countries of Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Myanmar (formerly Burma The traditional Burmese calendar is a Lunisolar calendar based on both the phases of the moon and the motion of the sun The Chinese calendar is lunisolar, incorporating elements of a Lunar calendar with those of a Solar calendar. The Chinese sexagenary cycle ( is a cyclic numeral system of 60 combinations of the two basic cycles the ten Heavenly Stems (天干 tiāngān The Chinese sexagenary cycle ( is a cyclic numeral system of 60 combinations of the two basic cycles the ten Heavenly Stems (天干 tiāngān The Coptic calendar, also called the Alexandrian calendar, is used by the Coptic Orthodox Church and still used in Egypt The Ethiopian calendar ( Amharic: የኢትዮጵያ ዘመን አቆጣጠር ye'Ītyōṗṗyā zemen āḳoṭaṭer) also called the Ge'ez calendar, The Hebrew calendar (הלוח העברי ha'luach ha'ivri) or Jewish calendar is a Lunisolar calendar used by Jews for predominantly religious Calendar Events Births Deaths The Hindu calendar used in ancient times has undergone many changes in the process of regionalization and today there are several regional Indian Calendars, as The Indian national calendar (sometimes called Saka calendar) is the official civil calendar in use in India. Kali Yuga ( Devanāgarī: sa कलियुग lit "Age of Kali " "age of vice" is one of the four stages of development that the world goes The Iranian calendar or Solar Hejri (تقویم هجری شمسی؛ سالنمای هجری خورشیدی Taqwim Hejri Shamsi Salanmay Hejri Khurshidi) is an astronomical The Islamic calendar or Muslim calendar ( Arabic: التقويم الهجري at-taqwīm al-hijrī; Persian: تقویم هجری قمری Since January 1, 1873, Japan has used the Gregorian calendar, with local names for the months and mostly fixed holidays was a after Kyōwa and before Bunsei. The period spanned the years from 1804 to 1818. The traditional Korean calendar is a Lunisolar calendar which like the traditional calendars of other East Asian countries was based on the Chinese calendar The Thai solar calendar, Suriyakati (สุริยคติ has been the official and prevalent Calendar in Thailand since it was adopted by King Events 1066 - Harold Godwinson is crowned King of England. 1205 - Philip of Swabia becomes King Melchora Aquino de Ramos ( January 6, 1812 &ndash March 2, 1919) was a Filipino revolutionary who became known as "Tandang 1919)
- January 13 - Victor de Laprade, French poet and critic (d. Year 1919 ( MCMXIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 532 - Nika riots in Constantinople. 888 - Odo Count of Paris becomes King of the Franks Pierre Martin Victor Richard de Laprade ( January 13, 1812 - December 13, 1883) known as Victor de Laprade, was a French 1883)
- February 3 - William Fraser Tolmie, Scottish-Canadian scientist and politician (d. Year 1883 ( MDCCCLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1112 - Ramon Berenguer III of Barcelona and Douce I of Provence marry uniting the fortunes of those two states William Fraser Tolmie (aka "Dr Tolmie") ( February 3, 1812 &ndash December 8, 1886) was a Canadian Surgeon 1886)
- February 7 - Charles Dickens, English writer (d. Year 1886 ( MDCCCLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 457 - Leo I becomes emperor of the Byzantine Empire. 1074 - Battle of Montesarchio in which the Prince 1870)
- February 11 - Alexander Hamilton Stephens, Vice President of Confederate States of America (d. Year 1870 ( MDCCCLXX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 660 BC - Traditional founding date of Japan by Emperor Jimmu. This is an article about the Confederate Vice President For the shipbuilding company see Alexander Stephen and Sons Alexander Hamilton Stephens ( 1883)
- February 15 - Charles Lewis Tiffany, American jeweler (d. Year 1883 ( MDCCCLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 590 - Khosrau II is crowned as king of Persia 1637 - Ferdinand III becomes Holy Roman Emperor Charles Lewis Tiffany ( February 15, 1812 – February 18, 1902) founded Tiffany & Co 1902)
- March 1 - Augustus Pugin, English-born architect (d. Year 1902 ( MCMII) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Events 86 BC - Lucius Cornelius Sulla, at the head of a Roman Republic army enters in Athens, removing the Tyrant Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin ( 1 March 1812 – 14 September 1852) was an English Architect, designer and theorist of design now 1852)
- March 6 - Aaron Lufkin Dennison American watch manufacturer (d. Year 1852 ( MDCCCLII) was a Leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Leap year Events 1079 - Omar Khayyám completes the Iranian calendar. 1454 - Thirteen Years' War: Delegates of Aaron Lufkin Dennison ( March 6, 1812 &ndash January 9, 1895) was an American Watchmaker born in Freeport Maine 1895)
- March 22 - Stephen Pearl Andrews, American anarchist and abolitionist (d. Year 1895 ( MDCCCXCV) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 238 - Gordian I and his son Gordian II are proclaimed Roman emperor. Stephen 1886)
- April 22 - Solomon Caesar Malan, Swiss-born orientalist (d. Year 1886 ( MDCCCLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1500 - Portuguese Navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral becomes the first European to sight Brazil. Solomon Caesar Malan ( April 22, 1812 &ndash November 25, 1894) was a British divine and Orientalist. 1894)
- April 27
- Friedrich von Flotow, German composer (d. Year 1894 ( MDCCCXCIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1124 - David I becomes King of Scotland. 1296 - Battle of Dunbar: The Scots are defeated Friedrich von Flotow (27 April 1812 &ndash 24 January 1883 was a German Composer. 1883)
- William W. Snow, American politician (d. Year 1883 ( MDCCCLXXXIII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common William W Snow ( April 27[[ 812]] - September 3[[ 886]] was a United States Representative from New York. 1886)
- May 7 - Robert Browning, English poet (d. Year 1886 ( MDCCCLXXXVI) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 558 - In Constantinople, the dome of the Hagia Sophia collapses Robert Browning (7 May 1812 - 12 December 1889 was an English poet and playwright whose mastery of Dramatic verse, especially Dramatic monologues made him one of 1889)
- June 9 - Johann Gottfried Galle, German astronomer (d. Year 1889 ( MDCCCLXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 53 - Roman Emperor Nero marries Claudia Octavia 62 - Claudia Octavia commits Johann Gottfried Galle ( June 9, 1812 &ndash July 10, 1910) was a German Astronomer at the Berlin Observatory 1910)
- June 14 - Fernando Wood, New York City Mayor (d. Year 1910 ( MCMX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year starting Events 1276 - While taking exile in Fuzhou in southern China, away from the advancing Mongol invaders, the remnants of the Fernando Wood ( June 14[[ 812]] - February 14[[ 881]] is famous for being one of the most colorful mayors in the history of New York. 1881)
July - December
- July 2 - Nathaniel de Rothschild, French wine grower (d. Year 1881 ( MDCCCLXXXI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 310 - Pope Miltiades is elected 626 - In fear of assassination Li Shimin ambushes and kills his rival Nathaniel de Rothschild, ( London, July 2, 1812 &ndash February 19, 1870 in Paris) known as "Nat" was the founder 1870)
- November 14 - Aleardo Aleardi, Italian poet (d. Year 1870 ( MDCCCLXX) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 1533 - Conquistadors from Spain under the leadership of Francisco Pizarro arrive in Cajamarca, Inca Aleardo Aleardi (born Gaetano Maria) ( November 14 1812 - July 17 1878) was an Italian poet who belonged to the so-called 1878)
- December 24 - Karl Eduard Zachariae, German jurist (d. Year 1878 ( MDCCCLXXVIII) was a Common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Events 563 - The Byzantine church Hagia Sophia in Constantinople is dedicated for the second time after being destroyed by Earthquakes 1894)
- Mohan Lal (Zutshi), Indian traveler (d. Year 1894 ( MDCCCXCIV) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common Mohan Lal (मोहन लाल (1812 &ndash 1877 was a traveller diplomat and author 1877)
- See also Category: 1812 births. Year 1877 ( MDCCCLXXVII) was a Common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common
Deaths
January - June
- January 23 - Robert Craufurd, British general (mortally wounded in battle) (b. Events 393 - Roman Emperor Theodosius I proclaims his nine year old son Honorius co-emperor Major-General Robert Craufurd ( May 5, 1764 &ndash January 23, 1812) was a Scottish soldier and MP 1764)
- March 7 - Isaac Swainson, English botanist (b. Year 1764 ( MDCCLXIV) was a Leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 161 - Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius dies and is succeeded by co-Emperors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus Isaac Swainson (1746 - 1812 was the son of John Swainson (d1750 yeoman of High House Hawkshead Lancashire. 1746)
- April 20 - George Clinton, 4th Vice President of the United States (b. Year 1746 ( MDCCXLVI) was a Common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 1303 - The University of Rome La Sapienza is instituted by Pope Boniface VIII. This page is for the US Vice President For others of that name see George Clinton. The Vice President of the United States is the first person in the presidential line of succession, becoming the new President of the United States upon the death 1739)
- April 25 - Edmond Malone, Irish scholar (b. Year 1739 ( MDCCXXXIX) was a Common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 1607 - Eighty Years' War: The Dutch fleet destroys the anchored Spanish fleet at Gibraltar. Edmond Malone ( October 4, 1741 - April 25, 1812) was an Irish Shakespearean scholar and editor of the works of 1741)
- May 11 - Spencer Perceval, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (assassinated) (b. Year 1741 ( MDCCXLI) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 330 - Byzantium is renamed ''Nova Roma'' during a dedication ceremony but is more popularly referred to as Constantinople Spencer Perceval, KC (1 November 1762 &ndash 11 May 1812 was a British statesman and Prime Minister. The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the political leader of the United Kingdom 1762)
- May 12 - Martha Ballard, American diarist and midwife
July - December
- September 19 - Mayer Amschel Rothschild, German banker (b. Year 1762 ( MDCCLXII) was a Common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Common year Events 1191 - Richard I of England marries Berengaria of Navarre. Martha Moore Ballard (1734/1735 - 1812 was an American Midwife, healer and diarist Events 335 - Dalmatius is raised to the rank of Caesar by his uncle Constantine I. Mayer Amschel Rothschild ( February 23, 1744 &ndash September 19, 1812) was the founder of the Rothschild family banking empire 1744)
- October 13 - Isaac Brock, British general (killed in battle) (b. Year 1744 ( MDCCXLIV) was a Leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 54 - Nero ascends to the Roman throne 409 - Vandals and Alans crossed the Pyrenees Major-General Sir Isaac Brock KB (6 October 1769 – 13 October 1812 was a British Army officer and 1769)
- December 20 - Sacagawea, Shoshone guide
- December 24 - George Beck, American artist and poet (b. Year 1769 ( MDCCLXIX) was a Common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a Events 69 - Vespasian, formerly a general under Nero, enters Rome to claim the title of Emperor. Sacagawea (also Sakakawea, Sacajawea; see below) (c 1788 – December Events 563 - The Byzantine church Hagia Sophia in Constantinople is dedicated for the second time after being destroyed by Earthquakes George Beck (1749 – December 24 1812 was an Artist and Poet who flourished in America during the early republic era 1749)
- See also Category: 1812 deaths. Year 1749 ( MDCCXLIX) was a Common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar of the Gregorian calendar (or a
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