| İskenderun | |
  İskenderun | |
| Coordinates: | |
|---|---|
| Country |  Turkey |
| Region | Mediterranean |
| Province | Hatay |
| Elevation | 8 m (26 ft) |
| Population (2000) | |
| - City | 300,000 |
| - Urban | 215,000 |
| Time zone | EET (UTC+2) |
| - Summer (DST) | EEST (UTC+3) |
| Postal code | 31 |
| Area code(s) | (0)326 |
| Licence plate | 31 |
| Website: http://www.iskenderun.bel.tr | |
İskenderun, also Iskenderon (formerly in Greek Ἀλεξανδρέττα, Alexandretta; in Arabic الإسكندرون, al-ʼIskandarūn), is a city and district in the province of Hatay on the Mediterranean coast of Turkey. Wikipedia talkFeatured lists for an explanation of this and other inclusion tags below -->This list of countries, arranged alphabetically Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches The provinces of Turkey are organized into 7 census-defined regions ( bölge) which were originally defined at the First Geography Congress in 1941 Turkey is divided into 81 provinces called iller in Turkish (singular is il, see Turkish alphabet for capitalization of i The elevation of a Geographic location is its height above a fixed reference point often the mean sea level. The metre or meter is a unit of Length. It is the basic unit of Length in the Metric system and in the International A foot (plural feet or foot; symbol or abbreviation ft or sometimes &prime – the prime symbol) is a non-SI unit Eastern European Time ( EET) is one of the names of UTC+2 Time zone, 2 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+2 corresponds to the following Time zones Eastern European Time Egypt Standard Time Central Africa Time Daylight saving time ( DST Eastern European Summer Time ( EEST) is one of the names of UTC+3 Time zone, 3 hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. UTC+3 is used in the following locations Moscow Time Eastern European Summer Time West Asian Summer Time A postal code (known in various countries as a post code, postcode, or ZIP code) is a series of letters and/or digits appended to a A telephone numbering plan is a plan for allocating Telephone number ranges to countries regions areas and exchanges and to non-fixed telephone networks Turkish car number plates are License plates found on Turkish vehicles Greek (el ελληνική γλώσσα or simply el ελληνικά — "Hellenic" is an Indo-European language, spoken today by 15-22 million people mainly Arabic (ar الْعَرَبيّة (informally ar عَرَبيْ) in terms of the number of speakers is the largest living member of the Semitic language Hatay is a province of southern Turkey, on the Mediterranean coast with Syria to the south and east Turkey (Türkiye known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( is a Eurasian Country that stretches
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Geography
İskenderun is located on the Mediterranean coast on Gulf of İskenderun at the foot of the Nur Mountains (Amanos Mountains). The Gulf of İskenderun (İskenderun Körfezi formerly the Gulf of Alexandretta, is a gulf or Inlet of the eastern Mediterranean Sea, on the The Nur Mountains (Nur Dağları or the "Mountains of Holy Light" also the Amanus or Gâvur Mountains) is a Mountain range in the Hatay
İskenderun is a busy commercial centre, the largest city in Hatay Province, surpassing the Hatay provincial seat of Antakya. Hatay is a province of southern Turkey, on the Mediterranean coast with Syria to the south and east Antakya (انطاكية Anṭākyä; Ἀντιόχεια Antiókheia or Antiócheia) is the seat of the Hatay Province in southern The city is one of Turkey's largest ports on the Mediterranean and an important industrial centre home to the Russian-built İsdemir compound, one of Turkey's largest steelworks. İsdemir is a Turkish steel producer located in İskenderun, Hatay Province at Mediterranean coast Steel Mill was one of Bruce Springsteen 's early bands and performed regularly on the Jersey Shore, in Virginia, and also in California from 1969 İskenderun has an active, modern life with good hotels, restaurants and cafes along the palm-lined sea front, and there is a variety of accommodation for visitors. İskenderun is also an important naval training base. There is a small Suryani Christian community in the city. Syriac Christianity is a culturally and linguistically distinctive community within Eastern Christianity.
The climate on this stretch of the Mediterranean is very hot and humid in summer, when people escape to the countryside or to the beach. At certain times of the year the town is swept by the strong wind called 'Yarıkkaya'. The countryside contains large areas of fruit groves, important producers of oranges, tangerines and lemons, and even tropical fruits such as mangoes. Mangoes belong to the genus Mangifera, consisting of numerous species of tropical fruiting Trees in the Flowering plant family Anacardiaceae
Cuisine
Distinctive İskenderun dishes include Künefe, a hot dessert with cheese. Kanafeh (Arabic كنافة) kadayıf ( Turkish) kadaif (Albanian kataifi, kadaifi (Greek κα(νταΐφι is a The main dishes include the Turkish staples such as döner and other kebabs served in the flat durum bread, lahmacun, and also the Arab-Levantine cuisine of Antakya including kibbeh, and sour pomegranate syrup used as a salad dressing. Döner kebab ( Turkish döner kebap, literally "turning roast" is a Turkish national dish made of Meat cooked on a vertical spit Kebab (also transliterated as kabab, kabob, kibob, kebhav, kephav) refers to a variety of meat dishes in Middle Eastern Durum wheat or macaroni wheat (also spelled Durhum Triticum durum or Triticum turgidum durum) is the only Tetraploid species of Wheat Lahmacun, Lahmajoun (lahmaˈdʒun or lahm bi-`ajĩn (From Arabic لحم بعجين lahm bi-`ajĩn, "meat with dough" also known known Antakya (انطاكية Anṭākyä; Ἀντιόχεια Antiókheia or Antiócheia) is the seat of the Hatay Province in southern Kibbeh or kibbe (also kubbeh) ( Arabic كبة 'kibbeh or 'kubbah is a family of Levantine dishes made of Burghul, chopped The pomegranate ( Punica granatum) is a Fruit -bearing Deciduous Shrub or small Tree growing to between five and eight metres tall İskenderun in particular offers good quality fish and prawns.
History
Antiquity
İskenderun preserves the name, but probably not the exact site, of Alexandria ad Issum, founded to supersede Myriandrus as the key of the Syrian Gates by Alexander the Great in 333 BC, about 23 miles south of the scene of his victory at the Battle of Issus. Myriandrus ( or Myriandros) was an ancient Phoenician Town and seaport located near the modern city of İskenderun, Turkey The Syrian Gates, also known as the Belen Pass is a mountain pass located in the Hatay Province of south-central Turkey. Alexander the Great ( or, Mégas Aléxandros; July 20 356 BC June 10 or June 11 323 BC also known as Alexander III of Macedon (el Ἀλέξανδρος Γ' Events By place Macedonia King Alexander of Macedonia conquers western Asia Minor, subduing the hill tribes of The Battle of Issus (or more commonly The Battle at Issus) occurred in southern Anatolia, in November 333 BC. The importance of the place ever since has derived from its relation to this pass, the easiest approach to the open ground of Hatay Province and of Northern Syria, and the Romans continued to fight with Persia for control of this area during their era of dominance. Hatay is a province of southern Turkey, on the Mediterranean coast with Syria to the south and east Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية This is a list of topics related to ancient Rome that aims to include aspects of both the ancient Roman Republic and Roman Empire. The Persian Empire was a series of Iranian empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the original Persian homeland and beyond in Western Asia
Alexander camped at the high-lands of İskenderun, around Esentepe, and then ordered the city to be established and named "Alexandrette". İskenderun is one of many cities founded by Alexander's orders, including Alexandria. Alexandria ( Egyptian Arabic: اسكندريه Eskendereyya; Standard Arabic: ar الإسكندرية Al-Iskandariyya; Ἀλεξάνδρεια
Ottomans
The area was still a scene of fighting under the Ottomans, as it was here in 1606 that the army of general Kuyucu Murat Pasha suppressed the rural uprising of Celali Canbulatoğlu. Kuyucu Murat Pasha ("Murad Pasha the Well-digger " was an Ottoman grand vizier during the reign of Ahmed I between December 9 Jelali revolts (Celalî ayaklanmaları were a series of Rebellions in Anatolia against the authority of the Ottoman Empire in the 16th and 17th centuries The Ottomans continued to fortify the city and the remains of early 17th century Ottoman castle walls can still be seen, (where the Güzün stream crosses the Varyant road). The next army to cross the Pass of Belen and attack Anatolia through here were the Egyptians of Muhammad Ali in 1832. Belen is a town and district of Hatay Province in the Mediterranean region of of south-central Turkey. Anatolia (Anadolu Ανατολία Anatolía) or Asia minor, comprising most of modern Turkey, is the geographic region bounded by the Black This article is about the contemporary North African ethnic group This article is about the leader of Egypt For other people named Muhammad Ali or Mehmet Ali see Muhammad Ali (disambiguation and Mehemet Ali (disambiguation
However in the later Ottoman period the city grew and grew as the main outlet for the overland trade from Baghdad and India, which had great importance until the establishment of the Egyptian overland route. Baghdad (بغداد) is the Capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate, with which it is also coterminous India, officially the Republic of India (भारत गणराज्य inc-Latn Bhārat Gaṇarājya; see also other Indian languages) is a country This article is about the country of Egypt For a topic outline on this subject see List of basic Egypt topics. Iskenderun served as a base first of Genoese and Venetian merchants, then West and North European merchants. Genoa ( Genova, ˈdʒɛːnova in Italian; Zena in Genoese and Ligurian; Genua in Latin and archaically in English Venice ( Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venesia or Venexia) is a city in Northern Italy, the capital of the The British Levant Company maintained an agency and factory here for 200 years, until 1825, in spite of appalling mortality among its employees. In English trading history the Levant Company, or Turkey Company, was a Chartered company formed in 1581 after London merchants petitioned Queen A factor, from the Latin "he who does" (parallel to agent, from Latin agens) is a person who professionally acts as the representative of another individual During the 19th century the port grew, the railway was built in 1912, and the road to Aleppo was improved. For other meanings see Aleppo (disambiguation. Halab redirects here for other meanings see Halab (disambiguation.
Republic of Hatay
- See also: Postage stamps of Hatay
Following the collapse of the Ottoman Empire at the end of the First World War most of Hatay including İskenderun was occupied by French troops and in 1921 was established as the autonomous Sanjak of Alexandretta within French-controlled Syria. Background See also Hatay State After the First World War the Sanjak of Alexandretta became The Ottoman Empire (1299–1923 ( Old Ottoman Turkish: دولتْ علیّه عثمانیّه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye, Late Ottoman and Modern Turkish World War I (abbreviated WWI; also known as the First World War, the Great War, and the War to End All Syria ( سوريّة or) officially the Syrian Arab Republic (Arabic ar الجمهورية العربية السورية This led to the foundation of the Republic of Hatay. Hatay State (Hatay Devleti لواء الإسكندرونة also known informally as the Republic of Hatay, was a transitional political entity that formally existed from In 1939, Republic of Hatay joined with the Republic of Turkey, after a referendum. Hatay State (Hatay Devleti لواء الإسكندرونة also known informally as the Republic of Hatay, was a transitional political entity that formally existed from See Hatay Province for a detailed history of this era. Hatay is a province of southern Turkey, on the Mediterranean coast with Syria to the south and east
Places of interest
- Arsuz(Uluçınar), holiday town on the coast to the south of İskenderun, with beautiful sandy beaches, a very warm sea, and places of historical interest. The coast is lined with holiday homes and there is accommodation in hotels or guest houses.
- Soğukoluk, mountain resort on the way to Antakya a quiet retreat from the heat of the coast in summer months. Antakya (انطاكية Anṭākyä; Ἀντιόχεια Antiókheia or Antiócheia) is the seat of the Hatay Province in southern
- Bakras - The castle was built in antiquity and much restored since, a watchtower on the mountain road, 27 km (17 mi) from İskenderun on the road to Antakya. Bagras or Baghras is the name of a town and nearby castle in present-day Turkey, in the Amanus Mountains Antakya (انطاكية Anṭākyä; Ἀντιόχεια Antiókheia or Antiócheia) is the seat of the Hatay Province in southern
- Yakacik (Payas) - contains a splendid example of Ottoman architecture dating back to the 16th century; the Sokollu Mehmet Pasha Complex comprising a mosque, bath, bazaar, caravanserai, and madrasa. Ottoman architecture is the Architecture of the Ottoman Empire which emerged in Bursa and Edirne in 14th and 15th centuries Biography Early years Little is known for certain about Mehmed's birth and early life A "mosque" in English refers to all types of buildings dedicated for Islamic worship although there is a distinction in Arabic between the smaller privately owned mosque and the larger A bazaar ( بازار) (pazar is a permanent merchandising area Marketplace, or street of shops where goods and services are exchanged or sold A caravanserai ( kārvānsarā, Turkish kervansaray) was a roadside Inn where travelers could rest and recover from the day's journey "Madrasa" and "Medrese" redirect here For the village in Azerbaijan see Mədrəsə. 22km from Iskenderun on the road to Adana. Adana (the ancient Antioch in Cilicia or Antioch on the Sarus) is the capital of Adana Province in Turkey.
Cultural references
- In the film Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade, Jones claims the Holy Grail is in the "canyon of the crescent moon" outside of Alexandretta. Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade is a 1989 Adventure film directed by Steven Spielberg from a story co-written by Executive producer According to Christian mythology, the Holy Grail was the dish plate or cup used by Jesus at the Last Supper, said to possess miraculous powers Indiana explains that Alexandretta was completely demolished by the end of the first crusades and that the city is now known as Iskenderun. In the movie, the Nazis offer the sultan of Hatay precious valuables to compensate for removing the Grail from his borders. Nazism, which was a short name for National Socialism (Nationalsozialismus refers primarily to the Ideology and practices of the National Socialist German He ignores the valuables, but accepts their Rolls-Royce Phantom II. The Phantom II replaced the New Phantom in Rolls-Royce 's offerings in 1929 Following that, we see the Jones boys head from Berlin to İskenderun where they find the Holy Grail. Berlin is the capital city and one of sixteen states of Germany. However the canyon and the El Deir Temple in which they find the Grail was filmed in Petra, Jordan. Petra (from "petra" rock in Greek; Arabic: البتراء Al-Batrāʾ) is an archaeological site in the Arabah Jordan, officially the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (الأردنّ al-Urdunn) is an Arab country in Southwest Asia spanning the southern
- The progressive metal group Andromeda released the song "İskenderun" on their album Chimera. Andromeda is a progressive metal band from Sweden formed in 1999.
See also
References
- This article incorporates text from the Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition, a publication now in the public domain. Hatay is a province of southern Turkey, on the Mediterranean coast with Syria to the south and east Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade is a 1989 Adventure film directed by Steven Spielberg from a story co-written by Executive producer The Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition (1910–1911 is a 29-volume reference work that marked the beginning of the Encyclopædia Britannica The public domain is a range of abstract materials &ndash commonly referred to as Intellectual property &ndash which are not owned or controlled by anyone
- http://www.allaboutturkey.com/iskenderun.htm
External links
- photos from iskenderun
- iskenderunforum
- İskenderun News
- information on İskenderun (Turkish)
- İskenderun Highschool (Turkish)
- Catholic Church of İskenderun
- İskenderun is at coordinates Coordinates:
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